The general direction of physics specialty can be generally divided into: theoretical physics, microelectronics and condensed matter. Many subdivisions, pure theoretical research, nuclear physics, biophysics, particle physics; Microelectronics, solid-state electronics, physical electronics, applied physics; Optics; Condensed state (not listed if there are too many research directions). You should be able to learn more about these on the physics homepages of some universities.

The quality of a major is uncertain, depending on personal preference. People in theoretical physics generally have a solid foundation and like to deduce. Microelectronics is widely used, so it is easier to find a job after graduation. Condensed state is mainly an experiment to study condensed state, among which there are many popular studies, such as magnetic materials and nano-materials. Condensed matter mainly studies the composition and properties of matter, which is also the basic research.

As far as the school is concerned, according to my personal understanding, undergraduate physics is the first in Peking University, and graduate students are the first in Nantah. HKUST has the most solid foundation, with strong physical applications in Tsinghua, Fudan and Jiaotong University. Theoretical physics is similar to that of Peking University, Nantah and HKUST. Fudan Microelectronics is the best (although Fudan Microelectronics is an independent department), and the condensed state is the strongest in Nantah.

Ranking of college physics majors

1. MIT MIT

In the past 20 years, 16 professors and 16 alumni have won the Nobel Prize. The school has high-level professors, all of whom are internationally renowned scholars and top academic talents with strong teaching and scientific research capabilities.

The Institute of Physics is located on the 4th-3rd15th floor of MIT. Students can directly contact the laboratory or the professor himself. The physics department is divided into four departments: astrophysics; Condensed matter, biology and plasma physics; Experimental nuclear particle physics; Theoretical nuclear particle physics.

2. California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology

Qian Xuesen's graduate school is also one of the three major universities of science and technology in the United States, with several advanced research centers and very cutting-edge research directions. Related to physics are: Nanoscience Center, Quantum Information Center and so on. He teaches photonics and quantum electronics, solid devices, solids and materials,

Other fields include biophysics, plasma physics, computational physics and fluid mechanics. These professors are basically leaders in their respective fields. Their research directions are basically at the forefront, such as nano-biomaterials, quantum photonic devices, nano-devices, ultrafast photonics, optical communication and so on.

3. Harvard University Harvard University

The postgraduate education of physics in Harvard University provides students with learning opportunities covering many disciplines and departments. The interdisciplinary nature of postgraduate research in this major is reflected in the doctoral thesis. In fact, the members of the thesis review committee also include members from other departments. In order to keep the diversity of individual projects, the requirement of studying physics degree is not high and it is very flexible.

The main fields of experimental and theoretical research in the Department of Physics are: experimental biophysics, high-energy particle physics, field theory and molecular physics, solid and fluid physics, astrophysics, computational physics, nuclear physics, statistical machinery, quantum optics, mathematical physics, quantum theory, string theory and relativity.

4. Princeton University Princeton University

The physics department of Princeton University focuses on condensed matter physics, cosmology and high energy physics. The main research of condensed matter physics is related to quantum physics, including the properties of electrons in new materials and quantum Hall effect. Among them, Cui Qi, an adjunct professor in the Department of Electronic Engineering, is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

In cosmology, more professors study cosmic background radiation (CMB). In addition, the study of neutrinos is also very distinctive.

5. Stanford University

In 20 1 1 year, researchers at Stanford University developed a new single-cell PCR microfluidic technology, and used this technology to analyze the single-cell gene expression of hundreds of colon cancer cells, thus obtaining the heterogeneity map of human colon cancer. Related research results were published in the journal Nature Biotechnology.

1962 SLAC has made great discoveries in elementary particle physics, which make people have a deep understanding of the basic composition of matter. The 426-acre facility includes a two-mile linear accelerator operated by the Energy Department of American University. About 65,438+0,300 employees and three physicists from Stanford University-burton richter, richard taylor and martin perl-won the Nobel Prize for their contributions.

6. University of California at Berkeley

The University of California at Berkeley believes that professors and students are collaborators who challenge the foundation of physics. The school has made breakthroughs in three main fields: cosmic physics, quantum physics and biophysics. Researchers are currently studying the movements of young birds and how these movements explain their flight instinct.

Astrophysicists are observing nuclear radiation and gamma-ray polarization using a spherical soft gamma-ray telescope. At the National Electron Microscope Center, biophysicists are controlling the carbon atoms around graphite sheets.

7. Cornell University

Cornell University researchers have been at the forefront of collision beam physics for the past forty years, and Cornell University's electronic storage ring is innovating X-ray technology. Every year, more than 1000 scientists come to Cornell Laboratory to study accelerator-based science and education. Now it is a leader in the field of accelerated particle physics.

8. University of Chicago University of Chicago

The physics major of the University of Chicago trains talents who have a solid physical foundation and can carry out basic research and application in the field of physics, especially scientific research, teaching and engineering talents who research, develop, test, analyze, manage and design various microelectronic materials and devices.

9. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The physics department is one of the largest physics departments in the United States. Professor-john bardeen, two-time Nobel Prize winner, one of the inventors of Schottky transistor, and the initiator of low-temperature superconductivity theory, from UIUC Physics Department. UIUC Physics Department condensed matter physics 1, quantum physics No.7, nuclear physics No.8.

10. University of California, Santa Barbara

There are currently 58 faculty members in the Physics Department of the University of California, Santa Barbara. Offers bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs. David Gross, a professor of physics, is the host of the KITP Caffrey Institute of Theoretical Physics.

The lifelong researcher of this institution also belongs to the department of physics. Up to 20 14, four faculty members of the department have won the nobel prize, namely Shuji Nakamura (20 14 physics prize), David Gross (2004 physics prize) and Alan Heeger?? (chemistry prize in 2000) and walter kohn (1998 chemistry prize).