Category: Environmental Science

Professional Name: Ecology

Business training objectives: This major trains senior professionals who have basic theories, knowledge and skills of ecology and can engage in scientific research, teaching and management in scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions and administrative departments.

Professional training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and knowledge of ecology, receive training in scientific thinking and scientific experiments in basic research and applied basic research, have good scientific literacy, master experimental skills such as modern ecological theory and computer simulation, and initially have the ability of teaching, research, development and management.

Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

1. Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry;

2. Master the basic theory, knowledge, experimental skills and methods of ecological engineering design of modern ecology;

3. Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors;

4. Familiar with national policies and regulations on environmental protection, rational utilization of natural resources, sustainable development and intellectual property rights;

5. Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and latest development trends of ecology;

6. Master the basic methods of information inquiry, document retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges.

Main subjects: ecology, biology, environmental science.

Main courses: general biology, biochemistry, ecology, environmental microbiology, environmental science, geoscience foundation, environmental ecological engineering, environmental humanities and social sciences, etc.

Main practical teaching links: including teaching practice, production practice, graduation thesis, etc. , usually arranged in 8- 14 weeks.

Study time: four years

Degree awarded: Bachelor of Science

Overview:

This major trains high-level professionals with basic concepts, knowledge and skills of ecology, good scientific literacy, mastery of modern ecological theory and experimental skills such as computer simulation, and initial ability of teaching, research, development and management, who can engage in scientific research, teaching and management in scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions and administrative departments.

First, the professional basic situation

1, culture target

This major trains senior professionals who have the basic theories, knowledge and skills of ecology and can engage in scientific research, teaching and management in scientific research institutions, universities, enterprises and institutions and administrative departments.

2. Training requirements

Students in this major mainly study the basic theory and knowledge of ecology, and train scientific thinking and scientific experiments in basic research and applied basic research. They have good scientific literacy, master modern ecological theory, computer simulation and other experimental skills, and initially have the ability of teaching, scientific research, development and management. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities:

Master the basic theories and knowledge of mathematics, physics and chemistry;

Master the basic theory, knowledge, experimental skills and methods of ecological engineering design of modern ecology;

◆ Understand the general principles and knowledge of similar majors;

Familiar with national policies and regulations on environmental protection, rational utilization of natural resources, sustainable development and intellectual property rights;

◆ Understand the theoretical frontier, application prospect and latest development trends of ecology;

Master the basic methods of information inquiry, literature retrieval and obtaining relevant information by using modern information technology; Have the ability to design experiments, create experimental conditions, summarize, sort out and analyze experimental results, write papers and participate in academic exchanges.

3. Main disciplines

Ecology, biology, environmental science.

Step 4: Main course

General biology, biochemistry, ecology, environmental microbiology, environmentology, geoscience foundation, environmental ecological engineering, environmental humanities and social sciences, etc.

Step 5 try teaching

Including teaching practice, production practice, graduation thesis and so on. , the general arrangement is 8- 14 weeks. Main professional experiment: general biology.

6. Study time

Four years.

7. Degree situation

Bachelor of Science.

8. Related majors

Biological science, environmental science.

9, the original professional name

Ecology.

Second, the professional comprehensive introduction

Ecology studies the relationship between organisms and the environment and between organisms. The emergence and development of ecology is also a process of gradual improvement of human beings and coordinated development of nature. Its development history can be roughly divided into germination period, formation period and development period. The ancients accumulated ecological knowledge in long-term farming, animal husbandry, fishing and hunting production. Since 1950s, people have been increasingly aware of a series of major social and environmental problems brought about by population explosion, industrial development and urbanization. Therefore, ecology has been paid more and more attention by the whole society, and a series of major research projects have been launched around the world, such as the International Biological Program (IBP), the Man and Biosphere Program (MAB) and the recent International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP).

Since World War II, the rapid development of science and technology has brought great convenience to human material life, but at the same time, it has also brought about major problems related to human survival, such as environment, population and resources, which is popularly called "ecological crisis". This is not an ecological crisis, but a crisis that the whole society relies on ecology to solve. The relationship between ecology and environmental science is just like the relationship between physics and engineering. It has become the basis for the development of agriculture, forestry, fishery, urban construction and planning, demography, epidemiology and other industries and disciplines, thus effectively promoting the development of ecology to a wider and deeper field. More importantly, with the development and application of computers, high-precision analytical techniques, high-resolution remote sensing instruments and geographic information systems in the field of ecology, this has prepared conditions for the development of modern ecology.

In addition, the reality also requires that scientific workers who study ecology should not only have solid basic knowledge such as mathematics and physics, but also master and understand related interdisciplinary fields.

1In June 1992, the United Nations held a conference on environment and development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In essence, it is a conference that combines ecology with economy and politics, and puts forward several conventions and action programs for all mankind to manage the global environment. Our government has also formulated China Agenda 2 1 century, which indicates that ecology will play an increasingly important role in the face of the challenge of 2 1 century. There is a growing demand for ecological professionals in society. In addition to the need for a large number of talents for ecological research and teaching, graduates can also choose some planning and management majors to plan, design and manage the ecological environment of regions and cities.

Ecological code: 07 1402.

Third, develop vocational education.

Ecology originally studied the process, mechanism and restrictive factors of the dynamic balance in the biological world, taking biology as the main research object and belonging to a discipline of the Department of Biology. Since the 1970s, the voice of protecting the environment and wildlife has become louder and louder, and ecology has paid more attention to the study of environmental harmony among animals, plants and ecosystems. Ecology has gradually developed into a combination of biology and environmental engineering. The word ecology has gradually been given a broader meaning, and some people even introduced the concept of ecology into the field of sociology.

Ecology is a part of biology. Before liberation, with the establishment of the first batch of colleges and universities in China, biology departments were established one after another. The Biology Department of Tsinghua University was formally established in 1926 together with several other science departments, and it was one of the earlier bases of biology education and scientific research in modern China. 1952 the department of biology of China university was merged into the faculty of science and became the faculty of science. During the Cultural Revolution, the study of ecology was almost blank, and the ecological environment in China was seriously damaged.

In the 1980s, many colleges and universities rebuilt their biology departments to meet the needs of scientific research, taking ecology as two major directions. Since the reform and opening up, in order to adapt to the rapid development of biological science and the needs of local economic construction, colleges and universities have gradually developed into multi-disciplinary schools on the basis of the original scale of biology department. At the same time, in order to adapt to the current situation of interdisciplinary research, several key universities took the lead in merging disciplines related to biological research and established the College of Life Sciences. For example, Liaoning University merged the former Department of Biology, the Institute of Ecology of Liaoning University and the College of Liaoning University to form the College of Environment and Life Sciences of Liaoning University. The School of Life Science and Chemistry of Yunnan University was established by the former Department of Biology, the Department of Chemistry, the Institute of Ecology and Earth Plants, the Yunnan Institute of Microbiology and the Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Fermentation Engineering.

In foreign countries, ecology is gradually developing into the field of ecological environment, and the trend is that the study of natural ecological environment and the study of human living space are gradually unified to form an overall ecological environment system. Some American universities have separated ecology from biology and merged it into environmental discipline. The original narrow ecological society continued to study the law of life activities of animal and plant communities. These laws will become an important basis for ecological environment research.

At present, ecological environment protection is becoming more and more important to the country and various economic sectors. The scope of ecological research has expanded from the pure field of animals and plants to all aspects of people's lives, focusing on the impact of people's production and life on the ecological environment. Ecological problems exist in various fields, including urban ecological environment research, natural resources ecological research, agricultural development ecological research and so on. Once the ecological balance is destroyed, the negative effects will be extremely serious. For example, in recent years, small paper-making enterprises along the Yangtze River have been banned in China, because the organic wastewater discharged by them has seriously polluted the nearby waters, resulting in serious ecological deterioration and serious damage to water resources. In order to protect the ecological balance of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River and avoid excessive soil erosion, China has promulgated many laws and regulations prohibiting any logging and grazing at the source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In China's western development policy, ecological environment protection has been written into relevant laws and regulations as an indicator. In industrial production, ecological materials are put forward as a new concept of materials. Ecological materials mean that industrial and agricultural materials minimize the pollution to the ecological environment in the whole process of production, use and abandonment. This means that the eco-related industries in China will develop gradually.

Fourth, professional employment data analysis

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Professional Employment Situation and Trend

The major of ecology is to cultivate specialized talents who have a solid ecological foundation, obtained preliminary training in ecological research, and can engage in scientific research, teaching and practice of ecology and related disciplines. Students in this major mainly study the basic theory, basic skills and professional knowledge of ecology, and receive training in scientific research and application development by using ecological knowledge and methods.

The four-year courses for students majoring in ecology mainly include basic courses of mathematics and physics (advanced mathematics, general physics and experiments, inorganic and analytical chemistry and experiments, organic chemistry and experiments); Basic skills courses (foreign language, computer application foundation); Specialized courses (Biology: Zoology and Experiment, Botany and Experiment, Microbiology and Experiment; Biochemistry and experiment, environmental aspects: geoscience foundation, environmentology, ecology and experiment, ecosystem ecology, pollution ecology and experiment, urban ecology, ecological engineering). From these specialized courses, we can see that students majoring in ecology, with their knowledge in biology, environment and chemistry, have a very large employment space and can engage in scientific research, management and teaching in environmental protection, sanitation and epidemic prevention, medical care and medicine, food, brewing and other industries; Can be engaged in ecological science research, development and production of ecological products.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the protection of ecological environment and the development of ecological products have been in a blank state for a long time, resulting in a very lack of talents in this field in China. After the reform and opening up, the pollution load brought by the rapid economic development in China is increasingly threatening the ecological environment. This forces our country to strengthen the protection of ecological environment and strengthen the research work of ecology. At present, the demand for such talents in China far exceeds the number of talents trained by ecology, and the shortage mainly comes from other majors related to ecological research, such as environmental engineering, forestry, zoology and botany, chemistry and so on. From the work area, graduates majoring in ecology are distributed in China, from coastal areas to the whole central and western regions, with a wide range of work areas.

This year is the second year of the western development strategy. For ecologists, the main tasks are ecological protection, development and production of bio-ecological products, etc. For a long time, excessive logging and grazing in some parts of western China have caused serious soil erosion, and the living space of wild animals and plants is getting smaller and smaller, and the ecological damage can not be controlled. The task of ecological protection is to seek the best balance between economic development and ecological environment improvement. On the other hand, through the study of biological habits and economic value, biological products can be developed in a certain range. At present, many enterprises in China have devoted themselves to artificial breeding and product development of wild animals and plants. At present, this kind of products have a great market in foreign countries and economically developed coastal areas in eastern China, and this work can greatly promote the economic development of some western regions. Students majoring in ecology will give full play to their professional characteristics in this field and become the leading figures in the emerging ecological products industry in the coming decades.

At present, more and more industries are related to ecology, and some industries are in demand for raw materials; Others are discharging waste. The demand for ecological knowledge in these industries has strongly promoted the development of ecology and broadened the academic field. On the other hand, it expands the employment space for ecological workers. For example, some wood products manufacturers are considering the use of alternative wood raw materials from an ecological perspective due to the restrictions on the use of wood and the rising market price of wood. Paper-making enterprises along the Yangtze River must discharge sewage with COD content harmless to the ecological environment in accordance with state regulations, and must be reformed according to ecological standards in the production process. The discharge concentration and discharge amount of sewage must be determined according to the field investigation report of ecological workers. Some scholars have also put forward the problem of LCD in industrial production (harmless from cradle to grave), developing ecological materials, saving energy and raw materials and reducing compounds in the ecological environment during the whole production, use and abandonment of products. At present, ecological economics is gradually maturing. It can be predicted that in the next few years, ecological economics will become a major combining biology, environment and economic management.

In the future, the country will pay more and more attention to ecological protection, which will undoubtedly greatly promote the development of this industry. On the other hand, the combination of the development of bioengineering technology and the achievements of ecological research will further broaden the scope of ecological materials and products. Talents majoring in ecology will certainly make great achievements and start their own business!

Blessed are the students who participate in scientific research and education after graduation and like nature.

Teachers-teaching in colleges and universities, with good treatment and welfare;

Scientific researchers-working in universities or research institutes can be in the embrace of nature all the year round;

Government staff-government agencies are engaged in ecological monitoring and animal protection.

Distribution of intransitive verbs colleges (part)

Huanong Agricultural University Yunnan University Inner Mongolia University Peking University Northeast Normal University Nanjing University Shandong University China Ocean University Wuhan University Sichuan University Lanzhou University Shenyang Agricultural University Central University for Nationalities Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Anhui Normal University Huazhong Agricultural University

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