Teaching plan is a teaching plan designed by teachers according to the requirements of teaching syllabus and teaching books and the actual situation of students. It is the basis for teachers to attend classes, and it is also a necessary measure to ensure teaching quality. As the saying goes, "Fiona Fang and Fiona Fang can't be made without rules". With the division standard of good lesson plans, teachers can play a certain role in regulating and guiding the compilation of good lesson plans. First, the lesson preparation process copied inefficient or ineffective lesson preparation to cope with the school inspection, making the lesson plan a "crash work, timely work." Some simply copy the reference lesson plans, others copy the lesson plans of super-class teachers and excellent teachers, lacking their own unique insights and souls, and the lesson plans have become copies of teaching reference books. Second, there is a phenomenon of "attaching importance to four while neglecting four" in preparing lessons. First, the teaching goal should reflect the "three-dimensional teaching goal", that is, "mastering knowledge", "developing ability" and "cultivating moral character", that is, paying equal attention to "cognitive factors" and "emotional factors". The basic idea of the new curriculum proposes to design the curriculum objectives from three aspects: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotion, attitude and values. This requires teachers not only to attach importance to imparting knowledge and cultivating ability, but also to firmly establish a "process view", that is, to establish a new view of learning quality and a new view of teaching quality, and to carefully prepare learning activities that can highlight students' experiential characteristics, such as inquiry learning. Pay attention to the guidance of students' learning methods and lay a solid foundation for students' lifelong learning. Moreover, teachers are required to pay more attention to students' mental state and take emotional attitude and values as one of the "three dimensions", that is, to establish the concept of "person" at the level of educational practice, which reflects a major change in the value orientation of national basic education: from imparting knowledge to attaching importance to people, from mastering skills and technology to caring about people's spirit and psychology. These three goals interact with each other, thus promoting the harmonious and all-round development of students. Therefore, when preparing lessons, teachers must carefully prepare curriculum resources, not only knowledge points, but also methods and processes, emotional attitudes and values hidden behind knowledge. Second, write the New Curriculum Standard. The new curriculum standard is different from the previous syllabus. It gives students a refreshing feeling from theory to structure. It no longer includes teaching emphases, difficulties and class arrangement, but only points out principled teaching and evaluation opinions. It not only points out the three-dimensional teaching objectives of process and method, emotional attitude, quality and values for students, but also provides many novel and practical suggestions for students' academic evaluation and teachers' use of textbooks. For example, the new Chinese curriculum standard for senior high school puts forward the suggestions of "teaching about compulsory courses" and "teaching about five series of elective courses". Third, the new lesson preparation curriculum emphasizes that "teaching" serves "learning" and puts students at the starting point and core position of teaching. Teachers should take students' psychological development as the main line, design teaching ideas with students' vision, predict students' possible thinking activities and design corresponding countermeasures; It is necessary to study students' needs, understand their current level and emotional state, accurately identify their "current development level" and guide them to enter the "zone of recent development" smoothly; According to students' personality characteristics and cognitive level, different levels of teaching objectives are determined: the basic objectives should be oriented to all, and the high-level teaching objectives should take care of students with spare capacity. Therefore, a good teaching plan should reflect pertinence, which is characterized by the hierarchical design of learning objectives, the gradient design of questions and the selectivity of exercise design. Only by understanding the different characteristics of students and designing teaching plans in a targeted way can we give full play to each student's strengths, make teaching oriented to all, develop students in an all-round way and improve teaching quality. Fourth, the preparation of teaching methods In essence, the teaching process is not the simple addition of teachers' teaching and students' learning, but the process of teachers and students teaching and learning each other. Therefore, when studying teaching methods, teachers should change their ideas, pay more attention to how to communicate with students, how to transition from "monologue" to "dialogue" in teaching, and how to listen and share, so as to realize the "six emancipations" proposed by Ye Shengtao long ago: under the current situation, it is especially necessary to carry out the "six emancipations" to restore students' basic freedom of learning: 1, and emancipate their minds. 2. Liberate his hands and make him capable; 3. Liberate his eyes so that he can see; 4. Liberate his mouth so that he can speak; 5. Liberate his space and let them acquire more natural and social knowledge; 6. Free his time, don't fill his homework schedule, give him some space to digest what he has learned and learn something he is eager to learn. In short, it is trying to give students time and opportunities. Implement autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning. V. Learning Preparation Method In order to achieve the teaching goal of "teaching is to not teach" and cultivate students' ability to draw inferences from others, so as to have the ability of lifelong learning, teachers must attach importance to learning guidance for students. In teaching, we should take "teaching materials" as an example, so that students can learn to learn and master the learning methods of learning this subject. 6. Preparation Training In the teaching system, only when students use their hands and brains and really participate in various teaching activities can they absorb and digest the information transmitted by the media and form a new cognitive structure. At the same time, it is also the fundamental symbol of whether students are in an active position. From the perspective of information theory, training is also one of the important channels to realize "diversified information infiltration"; It is an information channel for teachers to understand students' learning level, thus changing the one-way teaching method into multilateral information exchange. Therefore, all teaching design and implementation must go through careful "training preparation". Training must pay attention to: 1, adjust the training amount, not too frequently, but moderately, and pay attention to the rhythm between speaking, practicing and learning; 2. Training should be targeted, selective and have clear training objectives; 3. Pay attention to the difficulty and gradient of training; 4. Pay attention to the information feedback after training. Seven, teaching reflection, preparing lessons before class and writing lesson plans are of course important, and preparing lessons after class (showing back) is more conducive to teachers' professional maturity. The value of teaching plan lies not only in its preparation before classroom teaching, but also in its record of teachers' ideological trajectory and important material for teachers to know themselves and sum up teaching experience. Therefore, improving teachers' teaching level through reflection is an important topic in the research of teachers' psychology in recent years. Lin Chongde, a famous psychologist in China, also put forward the growth formula of "excellent teacher = teaching process+reflection". Rong Yuan, a national special-grade teacher, summed up his teaching time and successful experience: teaching success = teaching process+reflection. Some scholars have suggested that one of the most important abilities of 2 1 generation teachers is the ability of self-reflection. In a word, teaching reflection is an important means for teachers to change from "general" to "backbone", from "teaching" to "expert" and from "subject" to "scholar". So, how do teachers reflect on their teaching process? The easiest way is to write reflection notes in the corresponding blanks or at the end of the teaching plan after class. When a good teacher has a fresh memory of teaching methods after class, he should meditate and review, record his experience after class in time and accurately, and further improve and modify the original teaching plan, so as to improve teaching work in the future and make the next class better. If the teacher asks a question in class, the students will be full of interest, active in thinking and heated in discussion. After class, the teacher will write in the corresponding blank space of the lesson plan, "Clever questions arouse suspense, students' thinking is active, and it is like timely rain outside the focus." After the teacher asked a question in the same class in another class, the students were puzzled. After class, he wrote "puzzled eyes" next to the question. It is too difficult for students to understand an important information problem. Later, in this class, he asked questions again and received good results. Eight, the teaching method of preparing lessons Teaching method is the "assistant" of teachers' teaching, which helps students to understand and grasp the difficulties and stimulate students' interest in learning. Therefore, teachers can not ignore the preparation of teaching methods and change the phenomenon of "one mouth, one piece of chalk" in the past. To sum up, a good teaching plan should at least have the following contents: three-dimensional teaching objectives → preparing students → preparing teaching methods → preparing learning methods → preparing layered teaching → preparing teaching reflection → preparing teaching means → preparing training. In short, teachers must attach great importance to preparing lessons, especially new teachers, and must standardize preparing lessons.