Since 190 1 year Bell Prize was awarded, * * Six China people have won the Nobel Prize in Science, namely,,,,, Zhu,.

American physicist Bardeen won 1956 and 1972 Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the world's first transistor and putting forward the microscopic theory of superconductivity.

Pauling, an American chemist, won the 1954 chemistry prize and the 1962 peace prize for applying quantum mechanics to the field of chemistry, clarifying the nature of chemical bonds, devoting himself to the international control of nuclear weapons and launching a campaign against nuclear testing.

Sanger, a British biochemist, won the 1958 and 1980 Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the molecular structure of insulin and determining the sequence and structure of nucleic acid respectively.

190 1 year

Jacobs van tehoff, Netherlands

The laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure of solution were discovered.

1902

German Herman Fischer.

Carbohydrate and purine derivatives were synthesized.

1903

Arrhenius, Sweden

The theory of ionization promoted the development of chemistry.

1904

Sir william ramsey of England.

Rare gas elements in the air were found and their positions in the periodic table were determined.

1905

Adolf Bayer, Germany

The research on organic dyes and hydrogenated aromatic compounds has promoted the development of organic chemistry and chemical industry.

1906

French Mu Wasang

Fluorine was studied and separated, and an electric furnace named after him was used.

1907

German Edward Buchner

Study on biochemical reactions such as enzyme and cell-free fermentation.

1908

Sir ernest rutherford.

Study on element transformation and radiochemistry.

1909

German Wilhelm Ostwald.

Study on catalysis, chemical equilibrium and chemical reaction rate.

19 10 year

German otto wallach:

Pioneering work in the field of alicyclic compounds has promoted the development of organic chemistry and chemical industry.

19 1 1- 1920

19 1 1 year

Marie Curie of France

Radium and polonium were discovered, radium was purified and its properties were studied.

19 12 years

France Glia

The invention of Grignard reagent promoted the development of organic chemistry.

Frenchman Paul Sabatti.

The method of catalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds was invented, which promoted the development of organic chemistry.

19 13 years

Alfred Werner, Switzerland

The study of intramolecular atomic bonding has opened up a new field of inorganic chemistry research.

19 14 years

Theodore richards, USA.

The atomic weights of a large number of elements have been accurately measured.

19 15

German Richard Will Stedt.

The study of plant pigments, especially chlorophyll.

19 18

Fritz Haber.

Study on simple synthetic ammonia.

1920

Germany Walter Nernst

The study of thermodynamics.

192 1- 1930

192 1 year

Frederick Soddy, England

The study of radioactive substances and isotopes.

1922

Englishman francis aston.

Isotopes of non-radioactive elements were discovered by mass spectrometer, and the law of integers was expounded.

1923

Austrian Fritz Fritz fritz pregl

A trace analysis method of organic matter was established.

1925

Austrian Richard Zsigmondy

The proof of the heterogeneity of colloidal solution laid the foundation of modern colloidal chemistry.

1926

Sweden Svederborg.

Research on decentralized system.

1927

German Heinrich Vilander

Determination of structure of bile acids and related substances.

1928

Adolf windaus

Study on steroid and its relationship with vitamins.

1929

British arthur harden and Swedish Hans Ajele-Kelpin.

Research and exploration on sugar fermentation and fermentation enzymes.

1930

Hans fischer of Germany

The study of heme and chlorophyll, especially its synthesis.

193 1- 1940

193 1 year

Germans karl Bosch and Friedrich Burgess.

Invent and develop chemical high pressure technology.

1932

Langmuir, USA

Research and discovery of surface chemistry.

1934

Harold urey, USA.

Heavy hydrogen (deuterium) was discovered.

1935

Frenchmen Frederick Joliot-Curie and Elon Joliot-Curie.

New radioactive elements were synthesized.

1936

Peter Joseph William Debye, the Netherlands

Molecular structure can be understood by studying dipole moment, X-ray and electron diffraction in gas.

1937

Walter Haworth, England

Study on carbohydrate and vitamin c

Paul Keller, Switzerland

Studies on Carotenoids, Flavin, Vitamins A and B2

1938

Austrian Richard Kuhn.

Study on carotenoids and vitamins

1939

German Adolf butenandt

Study on sex hormones.

Leopold Regica, Switzerland

Study on polymethylene and high terpene.

1940: No prize.

194 1- 1950

194 1 year: no prize.

1942: No prize.

1943

Hungarian George Hevesy

Isotopes are used as tracers in the study of chemical processes.

1944

Otto hahn.

Discover the fission of heavy nuclei

1945

Atturi Villetard South, Finland

Research on agriculture and nutritional chemistry, especially his feed storage method.

1946

James sumner.

It was found that the enzyme could crystallize.

Americans John Nasrop and Wendell Stanley.

A preparation for producing pure enzymes and viral proteins.

1947

Sir Robert Robinson of England

The study of plant products, especially alkaloids.

1948

Anna Tiselius, Sweden

Electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially the complex properties of serum proteins.

1949

William Giauque, USA.

Contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, especially the study of substances at low temperatures.

1950

German Otto Diers and Kurt Alder.

The method of synthesizing dienes was discovered and developed. (Diels-Alder reaction)

195 1- 1960

195 1 year: Edwin Ma Xisen Macmillan, Glenn Theodore Seeburg.

Discovering transuranic elements

1952: Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Lawrence millington Singer.

Research and discovery of chromatography

1953: hermann Staudinger

Study polymers and establish the concept of polymers.

1954: linus pauling

Study on chemical bond

1955: Vincent du Vignord

Research on sulfur-containing compounds, especially the first synthesis of polypeptide hormones

1956: sir Cyril Norman hinsherwood, Nicolas nikolayevich Semenoff.

Study on chemical reaction mechanism

1957: Baron Alexander Robert Todd.

The structure of nucleotide and nucleotide coenzyme was studied.

1958: Frederick Sanger

Protein, especially the primary structure of insulin, was studied.

1959: Galos Ralph Heyrovsky

Polarographic analysis method was discovered and developed.

1960: Willard Libby

A carbon isotope 14 dating method was developed.

196 1- 1970

196 1 year: melvin calvin.

The absorption and photosynthesis of carbon dioxide by plants were studied.

1962: Max Perut, john kendrew

The structure of myoglobin was studied.

Giulio Natta, Karl Ziegler

Study on polymer and Ziegler-Natta catalyst.

1964: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (UK)

The structures of some important biochemical substances were determined by X-ray crystallography.

1965: Robot Burns Woodward

Achievements of organic synthesis

1966: Robert Ma Liken

Study on chemical bonds and electronic structures of molecules

1967: Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Rayford Norich, george porter.

Study on high-speed chemical reaction

1968 Lars Onsager

Found the Ansag reciprocal relationship named after him.

1969: Derek Barton, odd hassell

The concept of conformation based on tertiary structure is developed.

1970: Luis Federick le Loire

Discovered glyconucleotides and their roles in carbohydrate biosynthesis.

197 1- 1980

197 1 year: Gerhard Goetzberg.

The study of the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicals.

1972: Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Howard Stein

The former is to study the structure of RNA, while the latter two are to study the relationship between the catalytic activity of RNA molecules and their chemical structures.

1973: Jeffrey Wilkinson, Ernst Otto Fischer.

Study on organometallic compounds

1974 Paul John Flory

Theoretical and experimental research on polymer physics and chemistry.

1975: John Volka Kornforth, Vladimir Plelo.

The former is the stereochemical study of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, while the latter is the stereochemical study of organic molecules and reactions.

1976 William Lipscomb

Study on the structure of borane

1977: Ilya I.llyaPrigogine

Contribution to non-equilibrium thermodynamics (irreversible process thermodynamics)

1978: Peter Mitchell

The formula is based on the theory of chemical infiltration.

Herbert Brown, George Wittig.

Boron, phosphorus and their compounds are used in organic synthesis.

1980: paul berg, Walter Gilbert and frederick sanger.

Biochemical study of nucleic acids, Gilbert and Sanger: a method to determine the DNA sequence of nucleic acids

198 1- 1990

198 1 year: Kenichi Fukui, Rod Hoffman.

The occurrence of chemical reaction is explained by frontier orbital theory and conservation of molecular orbital symmetry.

1982: Alan Kruger

The contribution of crystal electron microscope to determining the structure of biological materials.

Henry taube

Study on electron transfer mechanism of metal complexes

1984: Robert Bruce Merrifield

Solid-state synthesis of peptides was developed.

1985: Herbert hauptmann of Jerome Karle

Contribution to the direct determination of crystal structure

Dudley R. Herschbach, Li Yuanzhe and John Polanyi.

Their research on the dynamic process of basic chemical reactions.

1987: Donald Clem, Jean-Marie Lane, Charles Patterson

Study and use molecules with high selectivity to structure

1988: John Dyson Hall, Robert Huber, hartmut michel.

Determination of three-dimensional structure of photosynthesis center

Sidney altman, thomas cech.

Discovery of catalytic properties of RNA

1990: elias Cory

The theory and method of computer-aided organic synthesis were developed.

199 1-2000

199 1 year: Richard Ernst

Contribution to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance.

1992: Rudolf Arthur Marcus

Contribution to the establishment and development of electron transfer reaction

1993: Kelly Muhlis, michael smith

In order to study DNA chemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed.

1994: George Euler

Study on chemical reaction of carbocation

1995: Paul crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Roland.

The study of atmospheric chemistry

1996: Robert cole, Dr. Harold Walter clouseau and Richard smalley.

They discovered fullerenes.

1997: Paul Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens Christian sko.

Boyer and Walker: The mechanism of ATP synthase Sko was clarified: ion transporters, sodium and potassium ion pumps were discovered.

1998: walter kohn, john pope

The former is the study of density functional theory, and the latter is the study of quantum chemical calculation methods.

1999: Ahmed Zewail

Femtosecond laser spectroscopy study on the intermediate process of chemical reaction

2000: Alan Heeger?? Allen Marc Diamid, Hideki Shirakawa.

Study on conductive polymers

2 1 century

200 1-20 10

William knowles, Noyori Ryori, Karl Barry Sharpless.

Knowles and Yee: Chiral catalytic reduction, Sharples: Chiral catalytic oxidation.

2002: Kurt Wüthrich, john fenn and Kenichi Tanaka.

Study on identification and structural analysis methods of biological macromolecules

2003: Peter Agri, roderick mackinnon

Discovery of cell membrane water channel and study of ion channel.

2004: Aaron Sichanov, avram hershko, owen ross

Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of protein was found.

2005: Yves Chauvin, Robert Glass and Richard R. Schrock.

Study on olefin metathesis reaction