How did the institutional name of Tianyi Pavilion evolve in more than four and a half centuries? I roughly sort it out as follows:
The private library was built between 156 1- 1566 (it has not been built for six years, so the time is no longer accurate);
1933? Rebuilding Tianyi Pavilion Committee was established;
1947? Tianyige Management Committee was established;
1949? Zunjing Pavilion has an antique exhibition hall and is also the director of Tianyi Pavilion. ;
195 1 year? Yinxian Tongzhi Museum and Cultural Committee were merged into Antiquities Exhibition Center (Tianyi Pavilion);
1960? The establishment of Ningbo Cultural Relics Management Committee, with the office co-located with Tianyi Pavilion;
1970? Cancel the Municipal Cultural Management Committee and the Library, and merge the Municipal Library and the Cultural Relics Museum;
1978? Tianyige established an independent institution called Tianyige Cultural Relics Storage Office;
1994? Ningbo Museum was merged into Tianyi Pavilion and renamed as Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion Museum.
You don't need to remember this. Anyway, I copied it from official website's works. For most of us, the names of these institutions in Tianyi Pavilion are just like what Ferdi de Saussure (Ferdinand de Saussure 1857- 19 13) said. The real "reference" or the core question is-library? Or a museum?
"Fan Tianyi Pavilion is self-evident for hundreds of years and is the only bibliophile in China." This was said by Ruan Yuan, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, referring to the nature of Tianyi Pavilion as a private library in classical times. There is no doubt about this concept, but today, there are still people talking about the closure of Tianyi Pavilion. Even though a number of top scholars such as Huang Zongxi, Quan, Yuan Mei, etc. have studied in the library, they still cannot change the stigma of its closure. But think about it, if someone points to the books on your bookcase and scolds, "You have so many books, why don't you send a library card to the owners of the whole community?" Do you think this brain circuit is abnormal? This is a typical cognitive deviation that imposes the requirements of public libraries on private libraries.
Speaking of libraries, I'll talk about libraries. Mr. Zhao Wanli, a famous philologist, praised that "Tianyi Pavilion is great because it preserves the Department of Direct History of the Ming Dynasty". Of course, he mainly refers to the literature value of Tianyi Pavilion. Parents often point to the west gate of Tianyi Pavilion with their children and say, "This is the oldest library in China". There is a slogan that says-Tianyi Pavilion is "the first library in Asia and the third in the world". In fact, the standard source of this statement is probably two conclusions drawn by the teachers of the School of Library and Information Science of Wuhan University according to the reference books such as Universal Library Chronology by Sano Sheyi and Universal Library Manual of the United States.
1. In Asia, Tianyi Pavilion is the oldest library with the longest existing history, continuous development, complete original appearance and independent entity (39 Chinese characters in one sentence, 22 words are attributive, I think this is for a Japanese library).
Tianyi Pavilion is one of the three oldest family libraries in the world (please note that it is a family library).
Here are a few questions you can think about further:
First of all, the first and third here refer to the time sequence, not the scale of the building, nor the scale of the library. This is a common mistake that everyone knows. Secondly, the first scope in Asia is "library", and the third scope in the world is "family library". Finally, the statement of the third oldest family library in the world remains to be discussed. According to the research of Wuhan University teachers, there are two family libraries with a longer history than ours-Italian Medici and Malatesta. There should be no problem with the medici family Library. The family's contribution to the Renaissance is well known. However, the understanding of Malatesta library is a bit controversial. Last year, we entrusted the Institute of Architectural History of China Architectural Design and Research Institute to evaluate the heritage value of Tianyi Pavilion. At that time, two girls in the project team gave me a UNESCO document. In 2005, Italian declared the World Memory Heritage to UNESCO, describing the nature of Malatesta Library as the earliest privately funded community public library in Europe. So Tianyi Pavilion became the second in the world? I think this needs further study by experts. But now I often introduce Tianyi Pavilion like this:
In the treasure house of books left over from the16th century, there are two brightest pearls, one is the crystallization of the Renaissance-the Medici Lorenzo Library, and the other is the crystallization of Chinese civilization-Tianyi Pavilion. ...
Grandstanding is over. Let's talk about Tianyi Pavilion, a museum. Tianyi Pavilion became a museum, which was still controversial in that year. Mao, a former cultural relic and historian in Zhejiang Province, described the transformation of Tianyi Pavilion into a museum as "inexplicable". He believes that a museum is a museum and a library is a library, which should be two different things. However, historian and library scientist Lai believes that Tianyi Pavilion is located in a museum accurately, because its books and buildings have become cultural relics and do not have the circulation function of a library.
If we go back to the early stage of Tianyi Pavilion's modernization transformation-1930s and 1940s, we can see a very interesting phenomenon. Generally speaking, in the process of China's modernization, traditional libraries have either declined or are directly related to libraries. To give a few examples:
After the death of Lu Xinyuan, the book collection of Song Lilou gradually spread out. After Han, a Japanese scholar, came to China, he encouraged Lu to sell all his books to Jingjiatang Library in Japan at a price of1/kloc-0.8 million yuan, which became the essence of Jingjiatang Library.
After 1930s, Liu's family business failed, and books were scattered one after another. The remaining books and engravings of Jiayetang were donated to Zhejiang Library on 195 1.
Most of the books in muxi Xuan of Santo belong to Peking University Library.
Dongkang Collection 19 12 was sold to Okura Group in Japan and became the main collection of Okura Library. In 20 13, these books returned to the motherland and entered the library of Peking University.
Of course, this is just the tip of the iceberg of the great era. ...
However, Tianyi Pavilion seems to be developing in another direction, from 1935 to 1949, Tianyi Pavilion established Ningbo Antiquities Exhibition Center (formerly Gongbeiping Antiquities Exhibition Center), from the "Xintianyige Plan" to the relocation of Fu Xue Zunjingge and Mingzhou Historic Forest, from the cultivation of cultural relics protection talents to the "collection" of immovable cultural relics on the west bank of Yuehu Lake. The old gentlemen of Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Research Institute have always said that if the history of cultural relics protection in Ningbo lacks the participation of Tianyi Pavilion and the events that took place in Tianyi Pavilion, it will lose half of its content. Even at the end of the last century, there were still experts from Tianyi Pavilion in the maintenance work of cultural protection units such as Monument, Drum Tower, Tianfenglou, Tomb, Inspection Department, and Money Industry Hall. The enlarged Tianyige Scenic Area can be said to be a collection of fragments of classical Ningbo City (see my book Living Bookstore and Growing City for details).
In 20 18, major museums in Zhejiang province conducted online voting for the popularity selection of Zhejiang Zhenbao, the treasure of the town museum, and 87 "treasures" in 5/kloc-0 museums participated in the competition. Tianyige Museum printed a book "Scholar of Hongwu in Four Years", a cursive script of Liu Yuxi by Song and Huang Tingjian, and a book "Yuan Zhenwu".
end
In March of this year, at the expert consultation meeting of Tianyi Pavilion expansion project, Professor Shao Yong, editor-in-chief of Yuehu Historic District Protection Planning, put forward a point: Moon Lake has nourished Tianyi Pavilion for more than 450 years, and now the main body of the west bank of Yuehu Pavilion has been preserved, but most buildings have no residents and no functions. At this time, the living library must stand up and use her immortal "soul" to make it the best historical block in Ningbo. At that time, Tianyi Pavilion, as the main body, will certainly undertake a new mission, and of course it may have new attributes.
Imagine me sitting face to face with Tianyi Pavilion.
Me: Tianyi Pavilion, what are you?
Tianyi Pavilion: I am who I am, a different me!
(To be continued)
1. Memories of Zhejiang Weaving Yin's Restoration of Tianyi Pavilion in Taipei Palace Museum
2. About Tianyi Pavilion and its position in the history of Universal Library, my colleagues found it on the Internet (the original text should be Tianyi Pavilion Essays published by Ningbo Publishing House 1998).
3.3 Introduction of Malatesta Library on the homepage. UNESCO World Memory Heritage.
4. Reconstruction of the Albatross Pavilion Planning of the Albatross Pavilion Committee (as can be seen from the figure, the open space on the north side of Zunjing Pavilion was originally planned as a book drying yard, and the Albatross Pavilion was originally planned to be built in the north gate).