From Wujin, Wuxi, Changshu, Suzhou, Wuxian and Yixing in the south of Jiangsu, to Jiaxing, Huzhou, Deqing, Lin 'an and Yuhang in the north of Zhejiang, and then to Xiaoshan, Zhuji, Cixi, Shaoxing, Shangyu and Yuyao in the south bank of Qiantang River, there are many stone houses, covering the period from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period. Archaeologists call it a tomb, a residence and a military fortress. No matter what use it has, there are such stone houses in this large area. Judging from the shape and unearthed objects, they should be cultural relics of the same nature. However, in Ningzhen area, where the remains of Wu culture are relatively dense, no such remains have been found. This shows that the boundary between Wu culture and Yue culture is very clear. Taihu Lake area belongs to the scope of Yue culture, while Ningzhen area is the center of Wu culture. Second, the mutual penetration of Wu and Yue cultures Editor During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the territory of Wu and Yue cultures was completely distinct. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the appearance of Wu culture in Ningzhen area changed obviously, and the factors of Wu culture in Taihu area also increased. These changes are reflected in the tombs. In the mound tombs in Ningzhen area, a large number of bronzes were unearthed in the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which were similar to those in the Central Plains, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, there were few bronzes. Although there were many porcelains in the tombs of the Spring and Autumn Period, there were few beans. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the cooking utensils were Wei, and in the Spring and Autumn Period, cauldrons and ding were the main ones, which were rarely seen. Judging from these changes, the Central Plains factor has obviously decreased, while the Vietnamese cultural factor has gradually increased and finally occupied a dominant position. This shows the infiltration and assimilation of Wu culture by Yue culture. Such a drastic change can only be caused by the Vietnamese invasion. This is consistent with the wuyue rebellion in the history books.
There are also traces of Wu culture in Taihu Lake area. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, Wu began to enter Taihu Lake area and pushed eastward. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu occupied Suzhou and made it its capital. Archaeological findings show that bronze wares in Taihu Lake increased in the Spring and Autumn Period. It has been found in Wujin, Wuxi, Suzhou and Kunming in Taihu Lake area. These bronzes have the characteristics of Wu culture, and they are all in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Bronze ware, a valuable thing, is only used by nobles, and is often a symbol of the upper nobility. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, a large number of bronzes with the characteristics of Wu culture appeared in Taihu Lake, indicating that the rulers of Wu had entered the area at this time. When did Wu people take Gusu as their capital? Judging from the current archaeological findings, it should be in the late Spring and Autumn Period, possibly during the reign of He Lv, the king of Wu. Although Wu Dingdu stayed in Suzhou late. However, Wu and Yue cultures had already blended as early as the early Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Wu culture should be Zhou people. Taber Ben Wu merged with the local aborigines, became barbarians, and formed the Wu culture. What is the descent of the local aborigines? According to the literature, it belongs to one of the tribes. They have conflicts with the neighboring Guyue people, and they are constantly fighting with each other. The result is, of course, the mutual infiltration of cultures. (Source: China Changjiang Culture Department)
Geographical space of Wuyue culture: mainly in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and a small part of Fujian and Jiangxi.
Wuyue culture, Shanghai culture, Wu culture, Yue culture.
Regardless of Wuyue culture, Shanghai culture or Yangtze River Delta culture, most people first pay attention to the grasp of its spatial concept. In this sense, the use of regional cultural concepts such as "Wu culture" and "Yue culture" needs to be accurate, and corresponding exquisite research is also needed. In the previous cultural studies, there was an understanding that Wu Yue culture was equivalent to Jiangsu and Zhejiang culture, and there was also a phenomenon that Wu Yue culture was separated from Shanghai culture. The reason is that they are bound by administrative divisions and ignore the identity of culture itself.
Looking back on the long process of historical development, "Wu culture" and "Yue culture" and "common customs" gradually formed a unified cultural type in the process of mutual blending, agitation, evolution and integration. From the origin and development of culture, the traditional Wuyue culture is the origin and foundation of Shanghai culture and even the present Yangtze River Delta culture, while the latter is the continuation and rebirth of the former. These provide a historical and realistic basis for further grasping the connotation, characteristics and value orientation of Wuyue culture and promoting cultural integration in the process of regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta.
The development and inheritance of culture is by no means a simple "transmission" or "transmission" between various cultural factors, nor is it a simple superposition of various inheritance methods and paths. The essence of cultural inheritance lies in the accumulation and fission of various cultural genes, and in the mutual coordination, cooperation and interaction of various inheritance methods, thus making culture fluid, continuous and regenerative. Three. From the end of Shang Dynasty to the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, two countries, wuyue, were gradually formed in today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and they successively dominated in the Spring and Autumn Period. Before "Taibo Ben Wu" in 1 1 century BC, this area had reached a high level of civilization. Archaeological discoveries in Majiabang culture period and Liangzhu culture period over the past half century can prove this point. However, in the cultural history of China, the Wu-Yue culture, which originated before the Six Dynasties and existed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, has not yet formed the core values with distinct unity and systematicness. Until the early Six Dynasties, the people of wuyue were still brave and good at fighting. Compared with the Central Plains, the backwardness of Wuyue culture is obvious. However, as far as the overall character is concerned, there are details in the rough, which is the remarkable feature of Wuyue culture at that time. From the jade articles unearthed in recent years in Liangzhu culture period, the jade articles and bronzes in Wu tomb in the Spring and Autumn Period, it can be seen that the people of wuyue have aesthetic psychology and practical creativity.
From the Six Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the female characteristics of the gentry and their pursuit of softness, beauty and tranquility changed the aesthetic orientation of Wuyue culture and gradually injected "the spirit of the gentry and the temperament of the literati" into it. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the culture of Wu and Yue became weaker and more refined. With the germination of industry and commerce, the culture of Wu and Yue has added consumption characteristics and luxury habits in addition to its softness and exquisiteness. In the heyday of Qing, Kang and Gan, Suzhou and Hangzhou became a paradise in people's minds. During this period, whether it is economy, science and technology, education, academic thought, literature and art, it has become the symbol of this culture reaching its peak and leading in the country, and its influence has continued to this day.
Since modern times, with the national economic center and southern cultural center gradually shifting to Shanghai, "Shanghai culture" has been more and more accepted and absorbed by people. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai culture has experienced many twists and turns under special circumstances, but its spirit and concept have been stubbornly inherited and developed. The so-called Shanghai culture does not refer exclusively to Shanghai culture, but should be regarded as the inevitable result of the development of Wuyue culture in modern times on the basis of profound historical accumulation. What it marks is that a cultural form with Shanghai as the leader and axis should cover the Yangtze River Delta today, and its influence far exceeds the scope of this region. Since the reform and opening-up, Shanghai-style culture rooted in the Wu and Yue cultural traditions has been increasingly infused with the spirit of the times and endowed with new connotations of the times. The whole Yangtze River Delta region has become a hot spot full of vitality. The southern Jiangsu model and Wenzhou model are closer to Qi Fei, and the sudden emergence of township industries, the prosperity of small towns, and the emergence of Zhangjiagang spirit, Kunshan Road and Yiwu phenomenon can not be caused by isolated accidental factors. From the cultural inheritance and renewal in this area, it is not difficult to find realistic footnotes. With the deepening of Pudong's development and opening up, Shanghai's position as the leader of the Yangtze River Delta is becoming more and more stable. The integration of the Yangtze River Delta is not only an objective requirement for further economic and social development, but also an urgent call for barrier-free interaction and prosperity of regional culture. In this situation, Shanghai culture must constantly surpass itself with a broader mind and more conscious initiative, so as to give full play to its cultural leading, controlling and radiating functions on a broader historical stage. Fourth, the profound connotation and spiritual characteristics of Wuyue culture are the center and representative of editing this section of Jiangnan culture.
Today, no matter the study of Wuyue culture or Shanghai culture, it must be placed in the context of the Yangtze River Delta civilization. Only in this way can we grasp its main context and core spirit historically. The Yangtze River Delta culture, Wuyue culture and Shanghai culture have been handed down one after another, which fully shows the strong integration power of integrating and reshaping traditional advantages. In today's new situation, it is particularly important to fully grasp its profound connotation and spiritual characteristics in order to make it get the publicity and promotion it deserves and create a new glory of the Yangtze River Delta regional culture:
First, there are all rivers in the sea, and they are all inclusive. On the one hand, it is soil and water conservation, on the other hand, it is humanities, which goes back to the (Dragon) River and surrounds the (Taihu) Lake, creating the cultural habits and humanistic spirit of the founders of Wuyue culture, and it is also doomed that this culture was born with an open mind. Today, we should constantly strengthen the open consciousness and open consciousness, and strive to turn the Yangtze River Delta culture into a multicultural body that embraces wuyue and welcomes the sea.
Second, smart, smart and wise. The creation and inheritance of Wuyue culture is not only the creation of superior geographical environment, but also the crystallization of economic and social development. The wisdom of generations of Wuyue people not only endows the splendid Jiangnan with unique femininity, but also casts the aesthetic orientation and value recognition embodied in these exquisite and elegant cultural forms. Attaching importance to education and respecting talents has become a common practice. The Yangtze River Delta culture should constantly improve its own taste and fully absorb and develop it.
Third, seek truth from facts. Wuyue's commodity economy came first, and the citizen class formed earlier. Industrial tradition, business spirit, pragmatic personality and civilian demeanor are all indispensable contents in Wu and Yue culture, including Shanghai culture. Undoubtedly, it is an important task for ideological and cultural construction and core value system construction to vigorously carry forward the spirit of respecting truth, kindness, simplicity, honesty and honesty. The prosperity and development of Yangtze River Delta culture can not be separated from the continuation of pragmatic style.
Fourth, dare to be the first and surpass yourself. Being good at creation and being brave in innovation are the common characteristics of Wu-Yue culture and Shanghai-style culture, and also the endogenous driving force of this dynamic regional culture. Only by adhering to this endless spirit of innovation, enhancing the sense of breakthrough, and getting rid of the narrow vision and regional fetters, can we further promote the cultural integration in the Yangtze River Delta region and constantly write a new chapter in strengthening the construction of advanced culture and realizing the great rejuvenation of Chinese civilization. V. Editor's Note on the Typical Representative of Wuyue Culture 1: Wu dialect, especially Suzhou dialect, Shanghai dialect and Ningbo dialect.
Kunqu Opera, a world cultural heritage, has a history of 600 years and is the ancestor of hundreds of operas.
3. Yue Opera: The second largest opera in China today, with love as its theme and soft and gentle singing and elegant female students as its main highlights.
4. Suzhou Gardens, World Cultural Heritage
5. Legend of Liang Zhu
6: Legend of White Snake
7. Master culture: Shaoxing
8: West Lake in Hangzhou
9. Ningbo Tianyige Library Culture
10: Tiantai Sect of Zen Buddhism
1 1: Wu Ge is a general term for Wu Dimin's songs in the history of literature.
12: Xitang, which can be called the "Millennium Living Town"
13: The cover of Jiangnan, China, Wuzhen, which inherits thousands of years of history and culture.
14: Hemudu site
15: The Road of Tang Poetry
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