Xujiahui Catholic Church is near the famous Jiaotong University. Jiaotong University, Tongji University, Fudan University and Chenghuang Temple are all along the subway 10 line. You can easily go to three universities in Shanghai by subway 10 line.

A more appropriate line is:

1 Xujiahui Catholic Cathedral

Drive north 10 minutes.

2 Jiaotong University Xuhui Campus

Take the subway 10 line at "Jiaotong University" station and get off at "Yuyuan Garden" station for a walk.

3 Chenghuang Temple

Go back to Yuyuan Station, take the 10 line, get off at Tongji University Station and walk for 5 minutes.

4 Tongji University

Tongji University Station, then take Wujiaochang Station and walk west 1km (it's remote, so it's recommended to take a taxi), which is Fudan University.

Another day, you can go to Tianzifang. Starting from Xujiahui is the most convenient way. Take Metro Line 9 at Xujiahui Subway Station, get off at Dapuqiao Station and walk north from the station 10 minutes. Tianzifang is near Jiaotong University Medical College.

Shanghai University is far away. I suggest you change to Metro Line 7 at Zhaojiabang Road Station on Line 9 and get off at Shanghai University Station.