College Physics Test Questions and Answers

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College Physics Volume One Exercise

Fill in the blanks

[Chapters I to IV]

It is known that the equations of motion of particles are x=2cosπt and y=2sinπt (where the units of x and y are m and the units of t are seconds). It can be seen that the orbital equation of particle motion is _ x2/4+y2/4 = 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the speed at a certain moment is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A particle moves on a circle with a radius of 0. 1m, and its angular position θ=2+4t3(t is in seconds and θ is in radians). When t=2 seconds, the normal acceleration of this particle is _ 0.256m/S2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A flywheel with a rotating speed of 150 rpm and a radius of 0.2m will stop after 30 seconds due to the uniform deceleration of the braking surface, and the angular acceleration of this flywheel is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

If the equation of motion of a particle is 0, then the velocity is _ _ and the acceleration is _ _.

An object with a mass of 10kg moves frictionless along the X axis. Suppose the object is at the origin and the velocity is zero. Let the object move under the action of force for 3s, and the speed of the object at this time is _ _ _ _ 2.7m/s. ..

6. For a uniform slender rod with mass m and length l, the moment of inertia of the rotating shaft passing through the center of the rod and perpendicular to the rod is ML2/ 12.

The motion equation of a given particle is 0, the velocity is _ _, and the acceleration is _ _.

The acting force at a point in the x direction is F(t)=5t2. When the action time of external force is from t=2s to t=8s, the impulse of external force during this time is _ _ _ 840n.s..

9. The force acting on the particle in the x direction is F(x)=2x2. When the particle moves from x=4m to x= 10m, the work done by the external force is ___624J.

10, a homogeneous cylinder with a mass of m and a radius of r rotates around the central axis. If it rotates at an angular velocity ω, its angular momentum is _ _ _ ω mr2/2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and its rotational kinetic energy is __ω2MR2/4________.

1 1. If the equation of motion of a particle is known as, then the velocity vector and acceleration are _ _ _ _ _.

12. When an external force acts on a rigid body, the angular momentum of the rigid body is conserved and the external torque is equal to zero.

13. When a particle moves along any path under the conservative force, the work done by the conservative force is equal to _ _ _ _ zero _ _.

[Chapters 5 and 6]

2 1, let the vibration equation of the particle be, Its vibration period is _ _ 1 s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

22. If the vibration equation of the particle is m, the initial phase of the particle is 0, and the velocity of the particle in the fifth second is 0.

23. It is known that the vibration equation of the wave source is m, and the wave formed by it propagates in a straight line along the positive direction with a speed of, and the wave function with the wave source as the origin is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

24. Let the vibration equation of a particle be, and the velocity of the particle be.

25. It is known that the vibration equation of a wave source is that the wave formed by it propagates in a straight line in the positive direction at the speed of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

26. The three conditions of coherent wave source are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

27. The result of the synthesis of two simple harmonic vibrations with the same direction and frequency is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

28. A spring oscillator is placed on a horizontal table with an amplitude of A and a period of T. When t=0, the object moves in the negative direction at x=A/2, then the equation of motion of the oscillator is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

29. The relationship between wave path difference and phase difference between two points is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

[Chapters VII-VIII]

14, let the ideal gas do external work, and its internal energy increment is, then the heat it absorbs from the outside.

+ ________________________。

15. If the thermodynamic temperature of an ideal gas is 0 and the molecular number density is 0, the average translational kinetic energy of the gas is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

16, the degree of freedom of a rigid 6-atom molecule is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Let the thermodynamic temperature of an ideal gas be, and the average energy of each molecule be.

17, Carnot heat engine absorbs heat from a high-temperature heat source of 373K and releases heat to a low-temperature heat source of 273K ... If the machine absorbs heat from a high-temperature heat source of 1000J, the work done by the machine is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _; The heat released is _ _ _ _.

18, the Kelvin expression of the second law of thermodynamics is.

19, the ideal gas composed of rigid diatomic molecules, its thermodynamic temperature is, and the average kinetic energy of each molecule is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

20. The Carnot refrigerator absorbs heat from a low-temperature heat source of -3℃ and releases heat to a high-temperature heat source of 27℃, so the refrigeration coefficient of the refrigerator is _ _ _ _ _ _.

2 1 and Maxwell's rate distribution function represent the percentage of the number of molecules in _ _ _ _ _ near the unit rate interval; Represents the percentage of molecules in the _ _ _ rate interval _ _ _;

Second, multiple choice questions

[Chapters I to IV]

1, a particle moves in a uniform circle, then (c)

(a) Changes in tangential acceleration and normal acceleration;

(b) The tangential acceleration changes while the normal acceleration remains unchanged;

(d) Constant tangential acceleration and constant normal acceleration;

2, which of the following statements is wrong (b)

(a) An object has a constant speed, but it still has a changing speed;

(b) An object has a constant speed, but it still has a changing speed;

(d) An object can have an acceleration to the east and a velocity to the west.

3. There are several opinions about particle group: (1) The change of total momentum of particle group has nothing to do with internal force; (2) The change of total kinetic energy of particle group has nothing to do with internal force; (3) The change of mechanical energy of particle group has nothing to do with conservative internal force. What is correct in the above statement is (b)

(a) Only (1) is correct; (B) (1) and (3) are correct;

4. The degrees of freedom of rigid tetratomic molecules are: (D)

(A) 3 (B) 4

5. The moment of inertia of a sphere with homogeneous mass and radius relative to the axis of rotation passing through its center is (C).

(A) (B)

[Chapters V-VI]

6. The spring vibrator simply vibrates. It is known that the maximum potential energy of this oscillator is 100J. When the vibrator is at half the maximum displacement, its instantaneous kinetic energy is (C)

(A)25J； (B)50J； 75J 100J .

7, for simple harmonic vibration process and simple harmonic vibration, the following statement is incorrect (B)

(a) In the process of simple harmonic vibration, each prime element is in simple harmonic vibration;

(b) In the process of simple harmonic vibration, the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of each mass element remains unchanged;

(c) In simple harmonic vibration, the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of the harmonic oscillator remains unchanged;

(d) In simple harmonic vibration, the vibration frequency of the harmonic oscillator is determined by the system itself.

8. There are two simple harmonic vibrations with the same direction and frequency. The vibration equations are x 1=6cos(4t-π/3)cm and x2=6cos(4t+π/6)cm, and the initial sum of vibration is equal to (c).

(A)π/2； (B)π/4； (C)-π/ 12； (D)-π/4

[Chapters VII-VIII]

9. Which of the following statements is true? (2)

Isotherms are steeper than adiabatic lines; (b) The degree of disorder of the system is physically expressed by entropy.

(c) High technology can make the efficiency of heat engine reach100%. (d) It is impossible for a low-temperature object to transfer heat to a high-temperature object.

10, the temperature of two ideal gases is the same, so their: (b)

(a) Equal internal energy; (b) The average translational kinetic energy of molecules is equal.

1 1. Which of the following statements is true? (4)

(a) The exothermic temperature of the object will decrease; (b) The endothermic temperature of the object will rise;

12, the following statement is correct (a)

(a) The mean square velocity of gas molecules reflects the temperature of the system;

(b) The most probable rate is the maximum of molecular velocity;

(d) The normalized condition of Maxwell velocity distribution function is.

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