Since the Qi Dynasty, as a tribe, the biggest division of Yin Shang was after the death of Yin Shang, especially after Wu Genglu's father failed to restore the country. After the demise of Yin Shang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, especially after the "Three Prisons Rebellion" was put down, how to deal with the adherents of Yin Shang with large distribution area, large number of people, developed economy and advanced culture is a very difficult problem. Finally, a combination of differentiation and unified supervision is adopted. One is "offering sacrifices to the people", that is, the nobles who escaped persecution and were politically consistent with the Western Zhou Dynasty moved to the hinterland of Zhou Dynasty, where Wenchang Mausoleum is located, "Jiubi", and "Yizuo" said that "Yin Xianjia was captured and moved to Jiubi"; The second is to move a large number of unruly adherents of Yin Shang to Chengzhou (now Luoyang, Henan Province) where there are "eight divisions" and implement military control. This paper records in detail the role of Shangshu Toz in supervising Yin stubborn people in Luoyi, the eastern capital. Third, Ji Zi was sealed in Korea, and Wei Zi was sealed in Song Dynasty (the capital is in the south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), bringing a group of adherents of Shang Dynasty. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" said that Cabbage was "quite rich in the people" in the Song Dynasty; Fourthly, the adherents of Yin were managed by vassal states, such as China, Japan, Lu and Qi. All of them were granted by the adherents of Yin Shang Dynasty. Zuo Zhuan made a detailed record of the division of Yin Shang tribes in the period of becoming kings, such as "being chosen by Shang Dynasty and being sealed by birds in the city of young people". Fifth, intellectuals and technical talents in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, such as diviners, fortune tellers and historians, were either transferred to Haojing (now southwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province) or sent to various vassal states. Sixth, some Yin adherents migrated to areas outside the Central Plains, and then merged into local tribes. Since then, the adherents of Shang Dynasty who migrated to various places have gradually divided into Lai, Songshi, Kongtong, Zhi, Yin Bei, Bian Shi, Kongshi, Heshibi and Mohism. There are still many descendants of Yin Shang who miss the motherland and take Yin or Shang as their surnames. It is worth pointing out that in the pre-Qin period, the Yin family began to derive other surnames, such as the Yi family. Because the Qi people read Yin as "Yi", they became Yi people alone.
Yin surname is also the first surname to immigrate abroad and overseas. Di Xin's uncle Ji Zi led his army to today's Korean peninsula after he was conquered. According to the research results of historians, folklorists and geneticists at home and abroad, some Mayans and others in America immigrated from Asia. After the demise of Dashang, the army that conquered the people mysteriously disappeared. Presumably, it was led by its commander-in-chief, Houxi Xiao, who crossed the ocean (the frozen Bering Strait) and reached the American continent.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Central Plains was a place where Yin people concentrated. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the main settlement of the Yin family was still in today's Henan. King Hui of Zhou 17 (660 BC), Chang Di attacked Yue State and killed Wei Yigong. Qi Huangong and Duke Huan of Song helped Weiguo rebuild the country and built Chuqiu City (hua county, Henan) for Weiguo. The Yin people of Wei moved to Chuqiu with them. With the help of other countries, Weiguo was revitalized and moved to Diqiu (southwest of Puyang, Henan Province), and the Yin people also moved to Diqiu in Puyang with the Wei royal family. In the fifty-third year of Qin Zhao (254 BC), Wei was destroyed by Wei Annuo, and Wei became a vassal state of Wei, and was reduced to Wei Jun ... In the fifty-fifth year, Wang Nuo, who defected to Wei, was imprisoned and his brother was replaced by Wei. In the sixth year of the Qin Dynasty (24 1), Qin Jun captured Song Chao and Puyang, defending the country, setting up the East County, taking Puyang as the land of the East County, and moved the suburbs of Wei Jun and Wei Wangzu to Wang Xiaye, Taihang Mountain (Qinyang, Henan Province) to become a vassal state of the Qin State. Yin also moved to settle down with Wei Wangzu. After the Qin dynasty unified the six countries, it once moved the world's famous families to Guanzhong area, with a wide range of corvee, border defense and official career. At this time, Yin moved from the Central Plains to Huiji County in the south of the Yangtze River (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and other places. At the end of Qin Dynasty, most Yin surnames still lived in Wang Ye (now Biyang, Henan Province) and Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province).
After Beiye Taishou Yin Ruins entered the Han Dynasty, he was sealed in Runan with merit and later moved to Changping, Chenjun (Xihua, Henan), and his descendants became the largest aristocrat in Changping. In recent years, in the archaeological excavations in Shaanxi, Henan and other places, the words "Yin's burial" were unearthed in the Han Dynasty, indicating that there was a huge Yin family in these places at that time. In addition, there are Yin Shi in Langya (now Linyi, Shandong Province) represented by Dr. Yin Chong, Yin Shi in the East China Sea (now north of Tancheng County, Shandong Province) represented by Yin Mo, Yin Shi in Yanmen (now north of Hequ, Shanxi Province) represented by Yin Su, and Yin Shi and Zuo Fengyi in Hongnong (now west of Henan Neixiang and east of Shaanxi Zhashui) represented by Yin Zhou. By the Han Dynasty, Yin had spread to Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places.
During the reign of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, the Yin surname in Changping, Henan Province moved to Qu 'a (now Jurong, Jiangsu Province) and became a noble family. During the Three Kingdoms period, celebrities came forth in large numbers. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were people from Wei County, Yin Deng, Shu County and Wu County. At this time, people surnamed Yin have gone south to Jiangsu, Sichuan and other places. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Chen Jun moved to Danyang, and Yin became a prominent family in the south of the Yangtze River. Chen Pingyin's ancestors were the Northern Han Taishou Yin Ruins, and moved to Chen Ping by the Wild King of Hanoi in the early Western Han Dynasty. After Yin, until the envoy of Xingyang in the Western Jin Dynasty, the lineage of Chen County magistrate Ping Yin could not be verified, so he was the first historical celebrity recorded in the official history of Chen County magistrate Ping Yin after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The grandson of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sima regime crossed the river to the south of the Yangtze River at that time. Later, in the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Nan Dynasties, the Yin family in Changping rose rapidly, and successively appeared the satrap, Jianwu general david moses, Dongyang satrap, Jingzhou secretariat Yin Zhong Kan, Shangshu servant Yin, Yanzhou secretariat Yin Xiaozu, Yuzhou secretariat, Oriental university novelist Yin Yun, writer Oriental university scholar and Guanglu doctor Yin Buhai. After Yin Chang moved to Jiangnan, he first lived in Danyang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Later, Yin Hao moved to Dong Yang Xin 'an (now Quzhou, Zhejiang) and became the ancestor of Dong Yang Yin's surname. When Yin Hao's nephew Yin Zhongkan was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou (now Hubei), his children moved to Jingzhou with him. In addition, the Yin family in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), (now Xiuning, Anhui) and (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) was also moved away by Chen.
In the first year of Gan Yuan in the Northern Qi Dynasty (560), in order to avoid the abolition of Emperor Yin Gao in the Northern Qi Dynasty, the surname of Beiyin was forced to be changed to surnamed tang.
During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, although the gate valve system was weakened politically, the concept of gate valve still had far-reaching influence. During this period, most of the historical celebrities surnamed Yin in Chenjun Changping have moved out of their original places for hundreds of years, and more than a dozen generations have lived in other places, but they all insist that they are from Chenjun Changping to show their roots. Yin Buhai is Yin Bao's tenth grandson. It has been more than 270 years since moving to Jiangzuo and the demise of the Chen Dynasty (Chen died in 589, and Yin Buhai died on the way to Chang 'an this year). Yin Buhai's eldest son, the first monk, Chen Suifu and Yu Xin were taken hostage in the Northern Qi Dynasty and settled in Chang 'an, then moved to Yongzhou (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province). Yin Buhai was the founder of the Tang Dynasty. Another example is Yin Zhongrong, a famous painter and calligrapher in the Wu and Zhou Dynasties, a great scholar named "Five General Turtles" in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Yin Jianyou, a native of Qu 'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu) in the middle Tang Dynasty, Yin Wengui, a poet in Tongzhou (now Jiaxing, Suzhou), and Yin Chongyi, his son (renamed Tang in the Song Dynasty). According to the actual living area, Yin's surname was more widely distributed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In the Song Dynasty, in the first year (960), in order to avoid the Xuanzu of his father, Yin changed his surname to Tang, Shang and Dai. For example, a native of Xihua (now Henan), whose real name is Yin and whose name is Chongyi, was the son of Yin Wengui, a scholar in the late Tang Dynasty. He used to be the prime minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and changed his name to Shang Chongyi after entering the Song Dynasty. Later, because of the word "Yi" in his name, Emperor Taizong was taboo, so he changed his surname and name, and he was the ancestor of the Tang family in Qiupu (now Guichi, Anhui). The taboo of changing the surname Yin in Song Dynasty had a great influence on Yin family. There should be many people who change their surnames, but there are still some ordinary people, especially those in remote areas, who have not changed their surnames. After the Southern Song Dynasty, some northern Yin surnames began to restore their original surnames. For example, Yin Cheng, a native of Huating, Yi Shi, kept his original surname at the end of the Song Dynasty. After the death of the Song Dynasty, some Yin families in other areas also restored their original surnames.
At the turn of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, with the nomadic people and Mongolian soldiers heading south, a series of turmoil occurred in the Central Plains, and the Yin surname fled everywhere like other surnames, which was more widely distributed. For example, the Yin family in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province moved here during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the war, there was a phenomenon of "no crow in a thousand miles" in the Central Plains, with a sparse population and barren farmland. Therefore, in the early Ming Dynasty, Yin moved back to the Central Plains as one of the surnames of the locust tree people who moved to Hongdong in the Ming Dynasty. After the early Ming Dynasty, the Yin family began to recover and grow, and the Da Yin family appeared in the north and south. In the early Ming Dynasty, Yin and Yin Houshan brothers in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province were famous for their erudition and filial piety to their parents. When Yin Dan was appointed as the imperial adviser in Xiaoshan, he did not avoid the dignitaries as their agents, leaving behind a much-told story: "When Yin Dan entered the DPRK, all officials were eclipsed.". A native of Wuxi (now Jiangsu), Changzhou Prefecture, was a famous minister with Yin Ruins. Yin Congjian, a native of Lingui, Guangxi (now Lingui County, Guangxi), once served as a soldier in Lingdong, and was one of the generals who fought against the enemy at that time. Yin Mai, Tianfu (now Jiangsu) Tan Yangren, a famous minister, right assistant minister of Nanjing Ritual Department, was in charge of imperial academy affairs. In the north, there are Yin family of Shuntianfu Zhuozhou (now Hebei) represented by Yin Qian, Yin family of Shouzhang in Shandong, Yin family of Tianjin Wei represented by Yin Shangzhi, and Yin family of Shexian county (now Anhui) represented by Yin Zhengmao, the magistrate of Guangdong and Guangxi. In addition to the mainland, the Yin surname of Ming Dynasty entered Hainan Province, and its ancestor Pu Yin Lianqiong settled in Wozai Village, Wanning City.
By the Qing Dynasty, Yin families were more widely distributed, such as Zhenjiang, Yangzhong, Danyang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Jiangyin and Wujiang in Jiangsu, Shouzhang and Tengzhou in Shandong, Yinxian in Zhejiang, Tongcheng in Anhui, Huanggang in Hubei, Changsha and Ningxiang in Hunan, Xinxiang in Henan, and Yin families in Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Hebei. Some of them have been rebuilt many times, reflecting the growing branches. Xianyang, Shaanxi province, became the first person to record Yin's entry into Taiwan in history. Yin, a native of Xinxiang, Henan Province, was a representative of Neo-Confucianism in Kangxi period. He presided over Hangzhou Academy in his later years and had a great influence. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yin, a native of Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, was appointed editor of the Hanlin Academy, assistant minister of the Ministry of War and assistant minister of the Ministry of Ritual, and was invited to resist foreign enemies many times.
After the migration in Ming and Qing Dynasties, people with Yin surname spread all over the country. After the Qing Dynasty, Yin crossed the sea to Taiwan Province and set sail in Nanyang. In modern times, with the increase of studying abroad, doing business and communicating with foreign countries, there are more and more people with Yin surname among overseas Chinese in the world, and their descendants have gone to a broader world. The contemporary Yin family accounts for about 0. 16% of the total population in China, with an increase of nearly 265,438+10,000 people, ranking around 104 and 103 (in ancient times, there were many people with big surnames, but now the population can't be compared with that in ancient times, but it is still on the rise), with Shandong and Yunnan as the most important places. There are also many contemporary Yin names. For example, Yin, a native of luliang county, Yunnan, was a general protecting the country. He was Cai E's chief of staff and made outstanding achievements in defending Yuan. Yin Mingzhu, a native of Jiangsu Province, became the first female movie star in China with The Sea of Stone. Yin Xipeng, a native of Hebei, went to Japan to study for a doctorate and joined the Eighth Route Army after returning home. He was awarded the rank of major general in 1955. Yin Zhihao, Cangnan native, Taiwanese businessman, Asian rich man. In the 1990s, he was elected as the president of the World Federation of Construction Industry and the president of the Real Estate Association. Her daughter Yin Qi is one of the 20 richest women in the world.
Nowadays, Yin surnames in Qixian County are distributed in Hekou, Qian Min, Zangkou, Wanghuang Temple, Shifosi, Xiaotun and Shangguan Village. Hekou village and the village adjacent to the tomb are the main gathering places of Yin people, who have claimed to be the descendants of Shang Emperor's grave keeper for generations. There are more than 300 people surnamed Yin in the county. Di Xin's Tomb is located on the west bank of Qihe River in the east of Qixian County 12. It was originally two acres and several feet high, facing south, and there was a stone tablet of "Di Xin's Tomb". After years of soil erosion, especially in recent years, Zhou Wang's tomb is shrinking and the original stone tablet is gone. Di Xin's tomb, Queen Jiangbei and Princess Su Daji, is also much smaller. The Qi water under Di Xin's tomb is rich and unfathomable, and it is the famous Di Xin Lake. Di Xin's tomb is more than 500 meters to the west, and there is an old river ditch in the north of Hekou Village. According to legend, Yin Shoude once led his troops into Qihe River, and there is a big tomb on the south bank of Laohegou, which is said to be the tomb of Wu Genglu, the son of Di Xin. During the agricultural Dazhai period, there was no digging. Now Zhou Wang's tomb has been well restored, surrounded by stones, trees and grass. Zhou Gucheng, the former vice chairman of the National People's Congress and a famous historian, inscribed the "Tomb of Di Xin" stone tablet, which stands in front of Di Xin's mausoleum. Di Xin's tomb became a place for Yin's family to pay homage. Yindu ruins in Qixian county can be seen everywhere. Di Xin Tomb, Di Xin Palace, Di Xin Hall, Star Picking Platform, Lutai, Sheshan River, Lucky, Eagle Dog City, Snake Ridge Beach, Beihai, Di Xin, Sanren Temple and many other places of interest. There are also many village names and place names that have historical origins with Chao Ge, the silver capital.
With the global economic integration and the in-depth development of the information society, Yin's root-seeking consciousness is getting stronger and stronger. As the origin and ancestral home of Yin surname, Henan has become the root of Yin people.