First, Mr. Lu Xun is a writer.
First of all, Mr. Lu Xun is a writer, which was recognized by the Kuomintang authorities that year. They called Mr. Lu Xun a "degenerate scholar". "Degenerate literati" is a literati first. A publishing house in Taiwan Province Province published the Complete Works of Lu Xun in the early 1990s. In the preface, it said: "More than 100 people in the world have obtained their doctorates by interpreting a work by Lu Xun." Lu Xun's achievements as a writer can be seen.
Today, someone actually denies Mr. Lu Xun's literary achievements. Listen to their rhetoric, which is nothing more than Lu Xun's obscure words and sometimes grammatical "mistakes". Li Ao said that Lu Xun's "articles are awkward and the words are suspicious"; There are two reasons: "First, it comes from China's old literature ... sometimes writing in vernacular Chinese can't be thoroughly remoulded;" Another reason is that Japanese grammar and Japanese writing influenced Lu Xun. "
Mr. Lu Xun's articles are clumsy and rough in the eyes of today's readers, which is the gap between us and Lu Xun. Lu Xun's vernacular is really not that shallow with us, it was the vernacular at that time. It should be noted that before the Republic of China, China people wrote articles in classical Chinese, while vernacular Chinese was a despised and excluded language system. This is why we will see that "the little lady is the person in the painting, the old lady is the person, and she has also been taken away (Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Nie), but she is forcibly suppressed by the strange writing style of classical Chinese. Including Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels, also written in classical Chinese. Since the vernacular has been ruled out, where can there be a decent study of vernacular grammar and paradigm? It is the work of Lu Xun's generation (including Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo and others) to study, standardize and popularize the vernacular. Today's first-class writers may write more fluently than them, but don't forget that your second floor is based on the first floor. There was no forerunner of vernacular Chinese in the beginning. Maybe everyone is still writing classical Chinese like Lin Qinnan and Liang Qichao.
Moreover, classical Chinese bears the national feelings of China for 5,000 years, while vernacular Chinese is like a wave in the long river of history. The vernacular can only be modestly mixed up and discarded, and it is wrong to hold a contemptuous attitude. Mr. Lu Xun is a pioneer in integrating classical Chinese on the basis of vernacular Chinese. Some people keep saying that Lu Xun is not a god, but also ask Lu Xun to be a god. They clearly know that Lu Xun is the first generation of pioneers, but they don't allow him to make mistakes. They think, "This is wrong and absurd!"
Today, a "national culture wind" swept through Chinese mainland. Many things that should have been sublated or have been sublated seem to have become a wonderful cultural tradition of the nation as soon as they come into contact with the edge of Chinese studies, and can be openly returned. For example, it is clear that the cooking habits of the Qing Dynasty, such as affectation, squandering natural resources and destroying nutrition, suddenly became a "court food culture". And some people with goatee who can recite poems, write, play Go and speak Chinese medicine have become "Mr. Sinology" or even "Master of Sinology". You're welcome to say that their skills are naive under the old school system. When Jia Baoyu was fourteen, there was a plenary session. Lu Xun once criticized such "China scholars" and such "Chinese studies". However, he spoke highly of people who really studied Chinese studies and made achievements, such as Wang Guowei. Because Lu Xun really understands Chinese studies. He studied in San Tan Yin Yue since he was a child, and learned all the four books and five classics. I still have spare capacity, so I studied Erya, Zhou Li and Yi Li. His grandfather was in prison, and every time Lu Xun visited the prison, his grandfather taught him to read poems carefully, and specially set a reading order for him (very scientific and worth learning): starting with Bai Juyi's poems, it is the most understandable and smooth; Then read Lu Fangweng's poems, because Weng Fang's poems are easy to understand and he is from Shaoxing, and there are many exotic scenery in his poems; Later, I can read Li Bai's poem, which is "pure and free and easy"; As for Du Fu's poems, it is more difficult, while Han Yu's poems are too strange to learn. After Lu Xun arrived in Japan, all the words, phonology and exegesis were learned from Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies. It can be said that Lu Xun is an authentic China scholar. Lu Xun also compiled many ancient books, which were of high level. Now we see as many as six of Lu Xun's ancient books, all of which were copied from unofficial history's miscellaneous notes. Lu Xun opened an elective course in Xiamen University, called "A Study on the Special Book of Phonology and Rhythm Exegetics". Because there were too few people taking elective courses, the course was not held in the end. Lu Xun also planned to write a book "The History of Font Changes in China", but unfortunately he failed to write it. These are typical Chinese studies and belong to the Confucian classics. Lu Xun also wrote A Brief History of Chinese Novels, which is the first general history book about China's novels and can be classified as a historical department or a sub-department. Until today, no one can surpass him in this field. Lu Xun's Chinese studies are very good, and he has mastered the essence. It is no exaggeration to say that he is a master of Chinese studies. But he never pretends to be a master of Chinese studies, because his realm is far above this level.
Second, Mr Lu Xun is a thinker.
As a thinker, Lu Xun is not without room for criticism. His ideas often seem too pessimistic or even hopeless. For farmers like Ah Q, he lamented their misfortunes and angered them, but it was not without the moral and intellectual superiority of intellectuals to the common people in the traditional Confucian society. We say that true knowledge needs to be obtained from practice, and Mr. Lu Xun is no exception. Due to the objective situation, he was imprisoned in the corner of the Shanghai Concession for a long time, and had no contact with the vast rural areas of China and the China Revolution. Chairman Mao Zedong once said: Lu Xun paid attention to the dark side and feudalism in his works about peasants, but ignored his heroic struggle and resistance to landlords, that is, the democratic side, because he had never experienced peasant struggle. This is a very profound insight.
But we still say that Mr. Lu Xun is a great thinker. His novels profoundly explain the national character of China people and the disadvantages of China society in a creative way. He is the most critical intellectual. His prose poems were considered to be rare works of modernism at that time. His essays, because of the special publishing environment, contain a firm political stance behind the laughing and cursing words. His realm is not limited to criticizing the old regime, but more focused on criticizing the old system; Not satisfied with irony, but trying to explain the essence-even if it is extremely ugly and bloody.
In addition to the position of democracy, Mr. Lu Xun's thought also has a very strong individualistic attitude. This is one of the most complicated places in Lu Xun's thought. I understand that Marxism points out the goal of the liberation of all mankind. This requires at least two levels. The first is the liberation of classes, that is, the elimination of classes and countries; Second, the liberation of individuals, and ultimately "everyone's free development." In this sense, for a long time to come, Lu Xun's thoughts should be similar to ours.
Some people criticized Mr. Lu Xun, saying that "compared with the activists of Mother Teresa, Lu Xun lacks the spirit of loving the common people". (Xue Yong's "Seeing the Value of Confucius from the Failure of China Culture") And this fairy-like mother is actually a woman. She said that pain is an opportunity for people to get close to God. It is forbidden to use painkillers for patients, but she receives a full set of modern medical care; He is a fanatic missionary. No matter what his patients' religious beliefs are, he forces all dying patients to be baptized by God. (See Missionary Position: Mother Teresa in Theory and Practice)
Mr. Lu Xun, on the other hand, is charitable and even criticizes his influence on young people as almost self-abuse. He once said that there is a famous dish, drunken shrimp. First get the shrimp drunk with wine, and then wake it up with vinegar when eating. The fresher the shrimp, the greater the significance to consumers. And his own articles are vinegar that can make this shrimp more vivid. Those young people who read his articles have a clearer mind about those shrimps. Many young people (including Korean and Vietnamese in exile in China) read his articles, devoted themselves to the revolutionary cause and gave their lives. Mr. Lu Xun blamed himself for this. Lu Xun has always opposed taking people as the "fuel" of historical progress, but he himself is like a piece of coal, burning himself and illuminating people.
Some parts of Mr. Lu Xun's thoughts were not understood by people at that time, and we don't understand them today. The author believes that if you don't understand, don't study hard. If this part of the thought meets the needs of the times, we can naturally understand it; If this part of thinking is too advanced or outdated, there is no need to understand it. Lu Xun is also a human being, and he also has his private thoughts that are only aimed at his own heart and have nothing to do with society.
Third, Mr. Lu Xun is a revolutionary.
In this regard, the netizen "cnx007" has a good discussion and is quoted here.
Lu Xun was originally a silent person in the revolutionary cause. Before he started writing Diary of a Madman, although he also created works, they were all expressed through silence. The collection of novels "Scream" is indeed a title, which is the "Scream" period of Lu Xun's revolutionary cause, followed by "hesitation" period and then "pawn". Lu Xun called himself a revolutionary pawn. In fact, Lu Xun still has no clear goals for the future. It is unmistakable that everything in front of him must be impossible and will be overthrown. Therefore, Lu Xun also made it clear that what he actually did was to expose the drawbacks and scars of the society at that time, so that some paralyzed people could wake up and make people forge ahead. Reading Lu Xun's articles can make people clear-headed, and Lu Xun knows this well. This was Lu Xun's original intention, and he did a good job.
Lu Xun is not a mediator or a fence-sitter, but a good judge who distinguishes right from wrong. He exposed some speculators in the revolution, let some revolutionary pretenders show their true colors, and let the fence sitters choose their direction. He showed a fearless spirit in the revolution-he never compromised or gave in to any opponent, whether it was an individual or a group, whether it was his own government or foreign forces; At the same time, there are also revolutionary skills-knowing the importance of protecting one's life, and prolonging one's life means prolonging the time of struggle; I understand the importance of economic income and the method of publishing articles, so I often care about the manuscript fee and change my pen name frequently. It is a great breakthrough that Lu Xun changed from a cheerleader to a pawn. Lu Xun is not willing to be the vinegar in a drunken shrimp, but to be a prawn himself. Therefore, as a pawn article, every word is a sword and gun; Therefore, some people call Lu Xun a "knife and pen official". As a scholar, Lu Xun was very influential at that time, and he was also named as a revolutionary writer. He can scream all his life without being threatened by his life. But Lu Xun eventually changed from a revolutionary standard-bearer to a pawn, from a scholar to a revolutionary, which contains Mr. Lu Xun's sense of responsibility, strict self-criticism and realistic spirit. It is Lu Xun's way to fight with a scholar's way, but its strength and effect are no less than the real knife and gun.
Mr. Lu Xun is immortal.
Back to the question in the preface. What is the position of Mr. Lu Xun in the long history? President Mao Zedong said: "In my opinion, Lu Xun's value in China is a first-class saint in China. Confucius was a saint in feudal society, and Lu Xun was a saint in modern China. " What role did Lu Xun play in modern times? President Mao Zedong said: "He is a deep-water bomb with the idea of national liberation and has given great help to the revolution." (on Lu Xun) can be described as a Millennium review!
In fact, the attitude towards Lu Xun is a touchstone. Anyone who denies Lu Xun mostly denies the history of the China Revolution. This is not the author's online class. Some opponents of Lu Xun are outspoken about their attitude of denying the revolution; Some may be more subtle. They say they are against "violence" and prejudice.
Mr. Lu Xun is so different from the anti-Lu Xun. Lu Xun was the first person to treat the "mob" with love for thousands of years, although he mercilessly exposed the ignorance and numbness of the people. Lu Xun is one of the few elites who abandoned the elite. He is one of the "returnees" that the government of the Republic of China relies on. He was a deputy director (deputy mayor of prefecture-level cities) when he was in the Ministry of Education, but he gave up all this and hid in the concession to engage in left-wing literature. Who can oppose Lu Xun? After the life of your generation has all turned to dust, nothing will hurt the torrent flowing to the endless river. Mr. Lu Xun is immortal.
China needs contemporary Lu Xun.
Today, we continue to praise and call Lu Xun with heartfelt language, not because Lu Xun needs our propaganda, but because we need Lu Xun's support.
Mr. Lu Xun told us in "Essays under the Lamp" that what he devoted all his life to was "overthrowing the table where the feast of human flesh was held" and stopping the custom of "cannibalism" that has continued to this day and solidified into values. What is "cannibalism"? The author's understanding is that Engels said "despise people, despise people, and make people become people." And today's China, is it still such a country that consumes population for GDP? As long as the "feast of human flesh" continues, the spirit of Lu Xun will continue to inspire us.
We said that as long as there is hypocrisy, we still need Lu Xun; As long as there is autocracy, we still need Lu Xun; As long as there are slaves, we still need Lu Xun; As long as there is inequality, we still need Lu Xun; As long as there is a national crisis, we still need Lu Xun. China needs a contemporary Lu Xun!
Mr. Lu Xun has passed through the ages, and none of us can wake him up. Therefore, the responsibility of contributing another Lu Xun-style figure will fall on the shoulders of our contemporary youth by historical destiny. I want to encourage young friends!
postscript
Lu Xun is the pen name of Zhou, and Lu is the surname of his mother, Empress Lu. The word "Xun" has many interpretations. Hou Wailu proposed that according to Er Ya Shi Beast, "Xun is the most powerful wolf" and "Xun" is a powerful little wolf cub. Xu Guangping agrees with this statement. I also think that Mr. Lu Xun bravely tore himself with wolves in the darkness of the old days. Mr. Lu Xun thinks of himself as a wolf, and the author is incompetent. He hopes to compare himself to a "paparazzi" and learn from Mr. Lu Xun as a lackey of the people. Just shout when the master needs it.
Contemporary China needs Lu Xun.
I extracted this article from the internet, only the last sentence was added by me. Mr. Lu Xun has always been a person I admire. There may not be such people around us, but it is precisely because of such people that the country will have a thriving momentum. If this momentum is worn away, it will degenerate sooner or later than eating opium.
I hope I can get your approval.