The main teaching methods of college students' career planning
College students' career planning pays more attention to the cultivation of students' participation consciousness. Therefore, it is required that teaching methods should break through the traditional teaching mode, emphasize students' dominant position, stimulate and guide students' life ideals by excavating their life experiences, achieve educational goals through teacher-student interaction, and enable students to acquire the ability of self-development through participation, sharing and enjoyment.
A teaching method. This method is different from the traditional teaching method of "teachers speak on the stage and students listen in the audience", but on the basis of the original teaching method, supplemented by questions and answers to students, to deepen students' understanding and mastery of basic knowledge. At the same time, every student is encouraged to ask the teacher questions, even if it is the same question that is repeated. In the teaching method, teachers are required to prepare lessons fully, and the lectures should be lively, avoiding reading the lecture notes or giving lectures according to the courseware. In order to achieve better teaching effect, it is necessary to combine the teaching method with other participatory teaching methods.
Second, case law. Cases can be used to show students how to use the knowledge, methods and skills they have learned to plan college life reasonably, as well as the problems that may be encountered in college study and life and their solutions. Cases can come from college students' career planning textbooks and networks, from well-known alumni, students at school, and from the classroom. The description of the case requires students to test and understand the situation, and to analyze and diagnose the case. Individual or group representatives will speak on the problem, and the whole class will discuss or discuss the solution in groups. Finally, the teacher determines the solution and summarizes the main points learned from the case in a short time to arouse students' thinking.
Three discussion methods. Discussion is a multi-channel communication method that teachers can control. During the discussion, students and teachers can freely exchange knowledge, ideas and opinions. When using the discussion method, the key is to determine the discussion topic. Teachers should thoroughly understand students' needs through on-the-spot investigation in the first class, and determine the discussion topics in advance based on the knowledge and experience that students want to learn and the teaching content to be taught. In the process of discussion, you can discuss in pairs or groups, and constantly guide each student to actively participate. If students are found to deviate from the topic during the discussion, they should be pointed out in time to ensure the effectiveness of the discussion. In teaching, when students already have relevant background knowledge about the problems involved in class and can communicate with each other smoothly, it is best to use discussion method.
Four role-playing methods. Role-playing is to set possible situations in real life into situations, so that students can play specific roles, with the aim of letting students practice how to face the workplace. For example, a mock interview requires students to complete tasks according to the set interview situation within a specified time. When time permits, the examiner and the candidate can exchange roles, so that students can gradually overcome the psychological problems of job seekers such as inferiority, timidity, anxiety and nervousness by participating in the interview, and correct the problems such as appearance, etiquette and posture that are easy to appear in the job search process.
Five ways to play. Game method is a special form of role-playing, which creates a simulated environment for students, so that students can actively explore their own psychological selves such as values, interests, personality and ability while enjoying the experience, and feel the decision-making process and the resulting results. In the process of using the game method, teachers need to guide and summarize the whole process, which requires teachers to have extensive knowledge and the ability to control the scene.
The main way
The main way of college students' career planning education, from the perspective of colleges and universities, is to strengthen college students' career education, guide college students to learn career planning, and improve their career planning education and service level.
Real-time systematic career planning education. In recent years, with the deepening of institutional reform and the promotion of the employment market, colleges and universities have basically formed a two-level employment management system with "school-department" as the backbone. However, with the development of the situation, it can no longer meet the needs of students. Therefore, colleges and universities should establish a sense of anxiety, run systematic career education through the whole process of university education, guide college students to learn career planning, establish career awareness and career ideals, and make full preparations for job hunting, employment and career development.
Second, improve the counseling mechanism. The characteristics of vocational cognitive counseling are that on the basis of fully understanding students' psychological status, the consulting teacher uses professional knowledge to carry out "one-on-one" interactive communication, and through psychological counseling, students can determine the professional field suitable for their psychological characteristics and abilities; In addition, discussing the employment and life development issues that college students care about through team consultation and organizing symposiums can also better help college students adjust their mentality and establish a correct career planning direction.
Third, strengthen the quality construction of counselors. Instructors are not only the organizers and implementers of ideological and political education, but also the implementers of career planning education and services. Colleges and universities should give full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of counselors, organize counselors to carry out education and training on college students' career planning in a planned and step-by-step manner, and strive to train counselors to become a new force in organizing, implementing and guiding college students' career planning.
Fourth, the actual participation of associations. As the mainstream collective of college students' extracurricular activities, the quality of activities greatly affects the career development orientation of college students, especially participants. Therefore, the establishment of a community activity model with far-reaching significance and long-term vitality is helpful to improve the practical ability of college students' career development.
5. Social practice training. Social practice is the main way for college students to understand the society and get familiar with the future professional society. Schools should set up social practice groups or interest groups to conduct social investigations around a series of issues such as national political and economic construction and social hotspots. In addition, we should go deep into rural areas, enterprises and institutions and other social grass-roots units, organize students to carry out simulation professional practice activities, enhance students' sense of social responsibility and improve their psychological endurance.
In a word, in the teaching process of college students' career planning course, we can help college students to make their academic plans and career plans by formulating the course content suitable for students' development and using participatory teaching methods and ways, so that they can locate their career goals according to social needs and their own conditions and make achievements through hard work.
Teaching measures of college students' career planning
1. Help college students realize the importance of career planning. The employment situation in contemporary society is very different from before. We should make college students realize the seriousness of the employment situation and the importance of career planning, educate those students who are blind to employment and give a series of career planning lectures to cultivate their sense of career anxiety from the beginning of their freshman year.
2. Help college students understand themselves. Before making career plans, what we should do is to help college students make full preparations. In these preparations, the first thing is to let them know their own advantages and disadvantages, and career evaluation is such a method. Vocational evaluation has the functions of prediction, diagnosis, detection and evaluation. It can not only help students understand their professional interests, professional abilities and professional tendencies, but also evaluate their personality characteristics and motivation needs, and guide their potential, shortcomings and development suggestions. Through the study and interaction between different students, we can make progress in comparison, so as to achieve "know yourself and know yourself, and win every battle" in the future employment war.
3. Increase college students' social practice activities and enhance their professionalism and professional pertinence. And these practices should not only be quantitative, but also qualitative. In today's severe employment situation, we should expand the significance and function of social practice, enhance its professionalism and professional pertinence, and let college students have a more real perceptual knowledge of the application of their major and the related occupations they may engage in in in the future while understanding the society. At the same time, various vocational practice activities can be carried out on campus, such as: "Career Guidance Week", inviting experts to give career guidance lectures, and setting up entrepreneurs' forums regularly; Hold various employment competitions, such as mock interview competition, resume competition, entrepreneurship competition, cover letter competition, vocational skills competition, etc. You can also set up employment pacesetters and employment image ambassadors among students, so that students who have made practical career plans and achieved good results can state their views, introduce their own experiences and convey the employment requirements of college students in different positions in society.
4. Effectively strengthen leadership and full participation in construction. Party committees and administrators in colleges and universities should regularly inquire about the construction of employment guidance courses and study and solve relevant problems in the construction of employment guidance courses. The administrative department of education should take the vocational guidance course as a compulsory course into the teaching plan to ensure the teaching hours. The employment guidance department should run through the whole process of students' receiving higher education. Through theoretical and practical guidance in various ways, students can master more employment skills and employment skills. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of leaders, counselors and teachers in charge of student work in various colleges, seize the opportunity to systematically guide students, and strive to form an employment guidance mechanism with full participation and joint management.
5. Strive to improve the teaching mode and improve the teaching level of teachers. In addition to traditional teaching modes such as teaching in large classes and tutoring in small classes, experiential teaching mode should also be introduced into career planning courses. Mainly manifested in: reflecting personality, such as career counseling, allowing students to fully express their views, creating an environment for students to experience, and allowing every student to participate; Reflect practicality. Make full use of vocational education methods such as team games, brainstorming and group discussion in employment guidance courses to attract college students and improve their interest; Reflecting openness, according to students of different grades and their different levels and needs, a series of courses to improve their career and job-seeking ability are carried out step by step, so that the "experiential" teaching model is more targeted. At the same time, we should take practical and effective measures to integrate teachers' resources inside and outside the school, give full play to the backbone role of teachers in the process of career planning and employment guidance, and establish a relatively stable, high-quality and strong professional ability full-time and part-time employment guidance teachers team as soon as possible through inter-school exchanges, professional training of employment guidance and qualification certification training.
6. Colleges and universities should learn from the successful experience of career planning at home and abroad to ensure that the institutions, personnel and funds of employment guidance courses are in place. Schools should actively create conditions, strive to provide necessary devices for the teaching of this course, such as vocational evaluation system and computerized vocational counseling tools, strive for the support of all sectors of society, establish extensive and stable contacts with employers, and provide students with an environment for professional practice. A special reference room should also be established, equipped with books, newspapers, movies, online materials, evaluation tools and other rich teaching materials related to career development. Actively absorb social funds, integrate social resources, strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, encourage multi-source participation, establish industry norms, and vigorously promote the scientific, professional, systematic, all-round and socialized career planning of colleges and universities according to China's actual situation and relevant standards for future development.