Key points:

Chinese common sense includes stylistic knowledge, literary common sense and cultural common sense. Stylistic knowledge focuses on: narrative elements, person, order and details; Explain the object, characteristics and methods; Argument, argument, argument. Literary common sense focuses on: the basic knowledge of literary styles such as novels, essays, poems and dramas; The works of important writers at all times and all over the world involve the basic contents of textbooks. Cultural common sense focuses on mastering cultural common sense often used in daily life involved in textbooks.

Main author:

Modern writers in China: Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, Zhao Shuli, Zhou Libo, Wu Boxiao, Cang Kejia, Yan Lu, Wei Wei, Yang Shuo, Wang Yuanjian, etc.

China ancient writers: Confucius, Mencius, Zuo Qiuming, Han Fei, Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi, Pu Songling, Wu, Cao Xueqin, etc.

Foreign writers: Andersen, Dodd, Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Gorky, Mark Twain, ostrovsky, etc.

The main work includes:

Books such as The Book of Songs, The Analects of Confucius, Zuo Zhuan, Warring States Policy, Mencius, Liezi, Historical Records, A Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and The Scholars.

Stylistic knowledge should focus on four aspects:

① Narrative elements, person, order and details;

(2) Object, characteristics and methods.

(3) Arguments, arguments and arguments of argumentative papers.

(4) the format and type of practical writing.

Attached 1-6 important works and authors:

Bing Xin was originally named as a modern essayist, novelist, poet and children's writer in Xie Wanying.

Successful flowers, green shoots and young people.

Small orange lamp (novel)

Ba Jin is a modern novelist and essayist. Stars (prose)

Guo Moruo is a writer, poet and historian. Poetry collection Goddess and drama Qu Yuan.

Pomegranate (Prose) Market in the Sky (Poetry: Selected from the Collection of Poetry Starry Sky)

Five-minute speech at Xiao Hong's tomb (speech)

Lu Xun is a writer, thinker and revolutionary. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren.

From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue (prose) and Mr. Fujino (selected from the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning")

Social drama (novels selected from the Complete Works of Lu Xun)

A little thing (novel from Scream)

Hometown, Kong Yiji (novel "Scream")

On Leifeng Pagoda (Prose) and the Collapse of the Tomb

On Frightened Friends (Prose) and A Collection of Two Hearts

The novel How Steel was Tempered by ostrovsky, a Soviet writer.

The Meaning of Life is an excerpt from How Steel was Tempered.

Zhu Ziqing is a famous essayist and poet.

Spring (prose)

Back (selected from Zhu Ziqing's prose collection)

Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun, is a famous modern writer.

His works include the novel Camel Xiangzi and the drama Teahouse.

Winter in Jinan (prose)

Under the scorching sun and heavy rain (camel Xiangzi)

Longxugou (drama)

Danish writer Andersen

His fairy tales include The Ugly Duckling, The Little Match Girl, The Daughter of the Sea, etc. 160.

The Emperor's New Clothes (Fairy Tales)

Lieyukou Warring States Liezi

The two children argued all day.

Yugong Yishan

Pu Songling was named Liu Xian, also known as Mr. Liaozhai, a Liu Quan layman.

Collection of short stories in classical Chinese "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio"

Wolf

Meng Haoran was an idyllic poet in Tang Dynasty. He and Wang Wei are called Wang He and Meng.

Passing through the village of the old man

Bai Juyi was a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose name was Lotte and whose name was Xiangshan lay.

Cutting Wheat, Spring Tour in Qiantang and Selling Charcoal Weng (narrative poems) (selected from Bai Changqing's collected works)

Spring outing in Qiantang River

Lu You was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Word service concept,no. released.

1 1 There was a storm on the 4th of the month.

Yan Shu was a poet in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

"Huanxisha" is selected from the inscription of "Zhuyu Ci Huanxisha".

Ma Zhiyuan Dongli was a drama writer and Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty.

Tianjin shaqu brand name

Wei Wei's novel The Orient is a contemporary writer.

Prose "My Teacher"

Newsletter "Who is the cutest person"

French novelist Dodd's The Last Lesson (short story).

In Qing Dynasty, Lin Sihuan's "Mouth Skills" was selected from the collection of notes and novels edited by Juck Zhang.

The main works of Zhou Libo's contemporary writers are The Storm and Great Changes in Mountainous Areas.

Fen Ma Qu is an excerpt from the novel The Storm.

Gorky's Childhood of Soviet Writers, On Earth and My University are Gorky's autobiographical trilogy. Childhood friends is an excerpt from childhood.

Prose poem Haiyan

Yang Shuo's main works are prose collection Haicheng and novel Three Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains.

Litchi honey (prose selected from Selected Prose of Yang Shuo)

Confucius' name was Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. China was a great thinker and educator in ancient times. He is the founder of Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and is compiled by Confucius' disciples and their disciples.

Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is famous for his hidden characters.

Drinking, returning to the garden, and peach blossom garden.

Biography of Mr. Wu Liu (Biography)

Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was called "the history of poetry" by later generations because of his beautiful ci.

Wang Chunhe and Li Shihao are selected from Du Gongbu's works.

"Looking at Yue" and "Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage" are selected from "Notes Collection".

Wen Tianxiang was a minister and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. Guo Yang is selected from The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan.

Li Qingzhao was a famous poetess in Song Dynasty. "Like a Dream" is selected from "Shuyu Ci"

Rumengling inscription name

Chekhov Russian writer

The chameleon (novel) is selected from Chekhov's novels.

Futcik, Czechoslovakia

Reportage "Cell 267" is selected from "Report under the gallows"

Shen Kuo was a scientist and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Trap is selected from A Talk about Meng Xi (praised as "the coordinate in the history of science and technology in China" by British scholar Joseph Needham). )

Ye Shengtao's Suzhou Garden (explanatory text)

Overcharged three or five fights (selected works of Ye Shengtao's novels)

Ke Yan, a female writer and poet.

Premier Zhou, where are you?

Back to Yan 'an by He Jingzhi (selected from Song Anthology)

The White-haired Girl was created by Lu Xun College of Literature in Yan 'an, and written by He Jingzhi and Yi Ding.

Manantun was originally named Deng Tuo.

From 30,000 to 10,000, care for everything (selected from Yanshan Nighttalk)

Liu Yuxi dreamed of becoming a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Author of Liu Mengde's anthology.

Humble room inscription (full hall text)

Autumn ci (selected from the dictionary of Tang poetry appreciation)

See you at every table in Yangzhou, and there will be prizes.

Zhou Dunyi was a famous philosopher in Song Dynasty.

Ailian Theory (selected from Zhou Ziquan's works)

Han Yu retired as a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Advocating the "ancient prose movement", one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties.

Preface to Send Dong Shaonan to Hebei (see Collected Works of Mr. Changli)

"Moving Left to Lan Guan to Show Grandnephew's Neck" (poetry anthology) (anthology of Han Changli)

The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise.

Guan Ju and Jia Xu (love poems)

A gentleman in service

Wang Anshi, a writer and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Shu Hu yin xian sheng wall

Xin Qiji was a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.

"Xijiang Moon Walking on the Yellow Sand Road" and "The Fighter's sophistry for Chen Tongfu"

(Xijiangyue's epigraph name is selected from Jiaxuan's long and short sentences)

Li Shangyin's Yi Shan Ci is the work of the Tang Dynasty poet Yuxi Gu Shengzu, including Li Yishan's poems.

A short message to a friend in the north on an untitled rainy night.

Mao Dun's Prose Praise of Poplar (selected from Miscellaneous Notes)

American progressive writer Mark Twain

Running for governor (novel) and baby (speech)

Mr. Dongpo, Su Shi's litterateur in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Night Tour to Chengtian Temple (prose selected from Dongpo Zhi Lin)

"Water Tune" and "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" (selected from Dongpo Yuefu)

Yuefu Poems, Cao Cao's View of the Sea and Retreat.

Shang Mo Singing (Yuefu Folk Song in Han Dynasty)

Mulan Poetry (Folk Song of Northern Dynasties)

The Complete Works of Tang Dynasty Poet Li Taibai and Li Bai

Shu Yun, Xuanzhou Xie Yuezhao Building sent off the school book, Jingmen Ferry sent off friends, inseparable.

The works of Li He, a poet in Tang Dynasty, include Li He's poems.

Yanmen satrap

Fan Zhongyan was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Author of Fan Wenzheng's public collection.

The Pride of Fisherman (the epigraph is selected from the Tang and Song Poetry Appreciation Dictionary)

The Story of Yueyang Tower is selected from Gong Ji, Fan Wenzheng.

Ai Qing was originally named Jiang Haicheng's masterpiece Dayan River, My Nanny.

To ulanova is selected from Selected Poems of Ai Qing.

Wu Zi, a novelist in Qing Dynasty, The Scholars is a long satirical novel.

Fan Jinzhong ju

Lv Shuxiang's Human Language and "Basic Truth"

Gu Jiegang historian

Doubt and Learning is selected from popular prose.

Mengzi Mingzi was a representative figure of Confucianism in the Warring States Period.

More help, less help. Born in sorrow, died in happiness. Fish is what I want.

Liu Zongyuan is thick-worded, and a writer in the Tang Dynasty wrote "Liuhe East Collection".

The snake catcher's theory (a narrative and argumentative style)

Travel notes of Xide Xishan banquet

Ouyang Xiu, whose name is Yong Shu, is an alcoholic and a 6 1 year-old layman, who is called "Wen Zhong". A writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zuiweng Pavilion is selected from Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection.

Wang Bozi Zi 'an, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, was called "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty" with Yang Jiong and Lu.

Du Shaofu's Ren Shuchuan is selected from Wang Zian Collection.

Cen Can, a poet in Tang Dynasty

Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home is selected from a collection of poems.

Zhang Ziyun's Sanqu Writer

The author of Goat Tongguan Nostalgia is A Little Yuefu Adapted by Trang Van after Retirement.

French writers are in Mo Bosang.

My Uncle is Happy (short story) is selected from the collection of short stories "Sheep Fat Seeking".

Luo Guanzhong's Novels in the Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty

"Empty City Plan" is taken from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period is a chronological history book based on Lu Shi.

Cao Gui debate

Sima Qian was a historian and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Historical Records is China's first biographical general history. Lu Xun called it "the historian's swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme"

Chen She family

Zhuge Liang was a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period.

The model is selected from Zhuge Liang.

Su Zhe, a Northern Song litterateur

The book Shang Shu Mi Han Taiwei is selected from Su Zhu.

Zeng Gongzi Valley Northern Song Dynasty Writers

The Collection of Mo Chi is selected from Yuan Feng's manuscripts.

First, commonly used loanwords:

1, Mulberry: Hometown

2. Li Tao: Students

3. State and Xuanyuan: State

4. Nanguan: prisoners

5. Classmate: Classmate

6. Mist: War

7. Women

8. Four Books: Music

9. Men: Men

Chang 'e: The Moon

1 1, brother: brother

12, history: history

13, husband and wife: husband and wife

14, Ding Bai, Buyi people: people.

15, bent, yellow hair: old man

16, Sang Ma: Farming

17, Support, Care: Children

18, three feet: method

Below the knee: parents.

20. canopy: luck

2 1, letters, letters, notes, Hongyan, Zagreb: letters

22. Temple: imperial court

Second, the author's works:

1, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong.

2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as "Liu Han", were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.

3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su).

4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful poetess: Li Qingzhao (poetess)

5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu. Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu.

6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.

7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius".

8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."

9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness.

10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.

1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms.

12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.

13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.

14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Meng (f incarnation).

15, the main schools and their representatives in the Warring States Period:

Confucianism: Confucius and Mencius

Legalist: Han Feizi

Taoism: Zhuangzi and Liezi.

Mohist school: Mozi

16, four masters in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and You Mao.

17, frontier poets: Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling.

18, Tang Zong: Taizong Li Shimin Song Zu: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Qin Huang: Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng Hanwu: Han Wudi Liu Che.

19. The first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He "does not bow down for five buckets of rice."

20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.

2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng.

Third, the most China literature:

The earliest collection of poems was The Book of Songs.

The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan;

The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty.

The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty.

The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty.

The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty.

The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty.

The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty.

The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty.

The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty.

The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius.

The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan.

The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records.

The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty.

The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun;

The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun.

The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.

Fourth, cultural common sense:

1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.

3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West.

4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake.

5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Mark Twain and O Henry.

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang".

7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si is known as "the ancestor of Qiu Si".

8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature.

9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet".

Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes.

In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet).

10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum.

1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings.

13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji.

15, the six meanings in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance, praise (classification), fu, comparison and honor (expression).

16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels.

17, laurel, top, top, champion: first.

18, three cardinal guides and five permanent members: "three cardinal guides": the father is the child guide, the monarch is the minister guide, and the husband is the wife guide; "Five permanent members": benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

19, The Four Books and Five Classics are mainly Confucian classics: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, and University; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.

20. Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi, Ren Huang or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong;

Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun.

2 1. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty.

23. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

24. "Eight methods of harmony" means that the word "harmony" has eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, fold, hook and lift.

25. In ancient times, there were names such as Yao, Xu and imperial academy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the highest institution of higher learning was imperial academy.

26. Three religions and nine streams: "Three religions": Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; "Nine streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalists, Famous Scholars, Mohists, Strategists, Miscellaneous Scholars and Peasants.

27. Ancient imperial examinations (Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties):

Tongsheng test, also called Tongsheng test, is called Tongsheng regardless of age. After passing the exam, you can get the qualification of trainee (scholar, xianggong), so as to take the imperial examination.

B. After obtaining the rural examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examination was held in provincial capitals every three years. The scholar took part in the exam, and the person who passed the exam was called Jie.

Exam C, an exam held every three years in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, can be taken by juren from all provinces and imperial academy Jian-guo students, and 300 students are admitted as Gong Shi, and the first one is Huiyuan.

D Palace Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system, and the emperor personally questioned the palace officials who will be admitted to the imperial court to determine the first level. Admission is divided into three grades: first-class and third-class, awarded the title of "Jinshi Ji", the first champion (Dingyuan), the second, the third Tan Hua, collectively known as "the top three"; A number of dimethyl, given the name "Jinshi origin"; Number three, given the name "with Jinshi origin"