1, the impact on the survival of birds
There are hundreds of wind turbines in large wind farms, and the collision with wind turbines is the direct cause of bird death in wind farms. The rotating height of fan blades is generally in the range of 40-120 m. If birds encounter wind turbines in flight and cannot change their course in time, there is a high impact risk. It is more harmful to large birds. For example, Hunter's research on the Altamont Pass Wind Farm in the United States found that about 80 golden eagles and 400 vultures collided with wind turbines and died each year.
2. Impact on bird migration
Wind farms along the bird migration route will pose a great threat to bird migration. Birds that migrate during the day often need to fly higher to avoid wind turbines, but when they bypass or leap over the peak, they tend to be very close to the top of the mountain, which is easier to get close to the wind farm and increases the probability of collision. Everaert's research in 2003 found that the number of bird deaths caused by wind power towers is closely related to the migration route of local migratory birds. The closer the wind power towers are to the migration route, the more bird deaths. Low visibility at night is more harmful to migratory birds.
3. Impact on bird habitat
The construction of wind farm will lead to the loss of animal habitat, which may be more harmful than the death of birds hitting wind turbines. Laidi and other studies have pointed out that wind turbines and related equipment in wind farms will affect the habitat selection of birds. On the grassland without wind turbines or at a distance of more than 80 meters, the population density of birds is obviously higher than that of wind farms.
Therefore, one of the most important principles of wind farm construction is to avoid locating turbines on the main bird migration passage or in areas where birds are highly concentrated!