Zhang Yilan,1spring of 893, was born in Xixiang, Liling County, Hunan Province. Her original name is Lan Xiu, which means "Stop" and no more girls. Later, she was renamed Zhang Yilan. She is the oldest of her peers, along with three younger brothers and two younger sisters.
Zhang Yilan's grandfather, once a handsome scholar, set up a private school in his hometown. Women were deprived of the right to go to school and study under the yoke of feudal ethics that favored boys over girls. Zhang Yilan, who is smart and eager to learn, hates this unequal treatment. At her various requests, my grandfather taught her to read after school. Later, due to my grandmother's resolute opposition, my grandfather stopped the primary education. Later, Zhang Yilan taught herself secretly and finally learned to write. When her grandfather died, she was just in her early 10 years old, but she was already able to read deep ancient Chinese with the help of a dictionary. After unremitting efforts, Zhang Yilan has become a girl who can write and calculate, and everyone calls her a "scholar". When Zhang Yilan was seventeen or eighteen, she was arranged by her family and married a local farmer named Long. Because the husband is a loyal and kind person, the marriage life is still very harmonious.
19 15 In the spring, a serious plague occurred in the local area, and Yoko Lan's beloved son was killed by the disease. The sudden death of her son gave her a heavy mental shock. In order to alleviate her grief, she left Longjia and went to the county girls' primary school. At that time, after the Revolution of 1911, the imperial examination was abolished and new learning was advocated. In the newly established "foreign school", Zhang Yilan began to accept scientific knowledge and broaden her horizons. She lived in the county primary school for only one year, and was invited by the relatives of the Long family to be a tutor. Zhang Yilan is serious and responsible for teaching, and her achievements are remarkable and well-known. The number of students who come here to study is increasing day by day.
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On the eve of the May 4th Movement, influenced by the new ideological trend, Zhang Yilan's desire to explore knowledge became stronger. She asked the Dragon Family to go to Beijing for further study, and got the support of the elders of the Dragon Family. Dragon Temple provides tuition to Zhang Yilan every year 150 yuan. 19 19 autumn, she left Hunan for Beijing to go to school and began to embark on a new road.
At first, Zhang Yilan studied in a private cram school in Beijing. Her life is hard and plain, and she wears a gray cloth coat and a black skirt all year round, which is different among her classmates, but she doesn't care. After more than half a year's cram school, Yoko Lankao took the preparatory course of Beijing Women's Normal University and studied at the school for one year. At that time, the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal thoughts aroused by the May Fourth Movement had a great influence on the people of the whole country, especially the youth. Soon, Li Xinshu, the cousin of Zhang Yilan's brother-in-law, fled Changsha to Beijing because she was dissatisfied with the feudal arranged marriage. Li Xinshu was an activist in the May 4th Movement in Hunan. She briefed Zhang Yilan on launching a student movement against the warlord government in Changsha. Zhang Yilan was very excited and admired the patriotic actions of young students.
1922, Yoko Lankao attended Peking University Preparatory College. In order to maintain her studies, she works part-time, as a tutor and as a copywriter. During her preparatory study in Peking University, she wrote a letter in vernacular to an elder of the Long family who supported her to study in Beijing, and wrote a poem in vernacular to celebrate his birthday. Old-fashioned Old Master Q was furious, and the tuition fee given to Zhang Yilan by Dragon Temple was cancelled. Later, Zhang Yilan won the monthly 15 yuan scholarship donated by Mrs. Crane, an American educator, because of her excellent grades, which helped her tide over the difficulties.
1924 after graduating from Peking university preparatory course, he was promoted to the education department of Peking university.
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1In April, 925, Zhang Yilan joined the "Zhongshan Practice Society" and the Kuomintang, and was soon elected as the director of the Practice Society. "Sun Yat-sen Practice Society" is a revolutionary group with strong left-wing forces of the Kuomintang. Clearly put forward the idea of implementing the new Three People's Principles, pursuing the three major policies, cooperating with the * * * production party, and participating in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement. This is the beginning of Zhang Yilan's participation in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle. At this time, she has realized that without the guidance of correct political thoughts, her past ideals of saving the country and liberating women through education will not succeed.
1926 After the March 18th tragedy, Beijing was shrouded in white terror. The leading organs of the North China Party Committee headed by Li Dazhao went underground. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces and continue to work, at the end of March, the Beijing Executive Department of the Kuomintang and the Party Department of the Beijing Special City, a cooperative organization led by the China Producer Party, moved from No.8 Cui Hua Hutong to the old Russian barracks in the west courtyard of the Soviet Embassy in Dongjiaominxiang. In April, the Party Department of Beijing Special City was reorganized again, and Zhang Yilan was elected as an executive member. In order to further develop the women's movement, the Kuomintang Party Department of Beijing Special City decided to establish a women's publication Friends of Women and a vocational school, Jinyun Girls' School, as the positions of the women's movement in Beijing. 1September, 926, Zhang Yilan was the editor-in-chief of Friends of Women, and Han Guiqin was appointed as the deputy editor-in-chief by the producer of * * *. The Women's Friends Association and Jinyun Girls' School are located at No.49, Baozi Street, Xicheng. This place is small and consists of two courtyards. The front yard is Manyun Girls' School, and there are 40 or 50 students in two rooms. The backyard is a women's club, and the liaison and assembly of women's work is also in the backyard. Girls from major universities in Beijing often come here for activities.
Friends of Women was first published in September 1926. Until April 1927, Li Dazhao, Guo Longzhen and Zhang Yilan were arrested, and Jinyun Girls' School closed down and was forced to stop publishing. 12 issues were published one after another. Through the garden of Friends of Women, women who groan, struggle and endure pain in the dark are aroused, so that they can wake up from silence, unite and use collective strength in an organized and leading way to break through all darkness and March into a bright future 2. Zhang Yilan not only undertakes the arduous task of visiting, soliciting contributions and reviewing manuscripts, but also personally writes articles on the history and present situation of the women's movement. Among them, her article "Introduction to Women's Movement" was published in the eighth issue of Friends of Women, and the mission of new women was published in the ninth issue. These two articles reflect Zhang Yilan's correct understanding and profound insight into the women's movement. She said: We women "live in an environment of double oppression, on the one hand, the imperialist powers, on the other hand, the feudal thought of patriarchal. The first oppression is common to all the people of China, and the second oppression is unique to us women. " . Based on the double oppressive environment in which women in China live, she believes that the mission of the women's movement in China must make double efforts, that is, "on the one hand, strive for the liberation of the country, on the other hand, strive for its own liberation". To demand the liberation of the country and women themselves, on the one hand, we should "realize that we are members of the people and should directly or indirectly participate in the national salvation movement", "unite all the people, eradicate domestic evil forces, establish a sound government and resist the aggression of foreign powers", on the other hand, we should "realize that living without self and parasites is a great shame for mankind, and unite all female compatriots to put this evil social system into practice. In order to mobilize the broad masses of women to participate in the revolutionary ranks of liberating the country and themselves, she made a profound analysis of the ideological problems that were common among female intellectuals at that time, such as "sweeping snow in front of their own doors, ignoring the cold frost of others" and "pursuing their own material life safety and satisfaction", and pointed out that these thoughts were the expression of "narrow individualism".
1in the autumn of 926, Liu Qingyang, Minister of Women's Department of Kuomintang Party Department in Beijing Special City, presided over a women's rally, at which a drama "Resurrection" was staged. Liu Qingyang talked about the miserable life of China women under feudal oppression for thousands of years, and talked about the truth of women's liberation, gender equality and anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, which played a great encouraging role. Zhang Yilan also took an active part in the performance of Resurrection.
Liu Qingyang was an early party member, and she attached great importance to Zhang Yilan. She once reflected Zhang Yilan's situation to Li Dazhao and suggested that she join the party. Li Dazhao said that she should be put through another test. Zhang Yilan, with full political enthusiasm, forgot to eat and sleep, and fought day and night. Due to overwork, excessive brain use and loss of appetite, her already weak body became thinner. Extreme fatigue leads to severe constipation. People around her often advised her to rest and see a doctor, but she turned a deaf ear. She often works late, sometimes stays up all night, sleeps for an hour or two and then goes out with a cloth bag.
1927 In March, Liu Qingyang was transferred to Wuhan National Government, and Zhang Yilan took over as Minister of Women's Department. Because of her heavy responsibilities, she has long been unable to attend classes in Peking University and has become a nominal student.
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1in the spring of 927, in order to completely "annihilate" the revolutionary forces in Beijing, the warlord Zhang and the Beiyang government took despicable measures such as stalking, sending spies into the mainland, and buying off traitors, and investigated and collected the leading organs of the two parties in the north and their revolutionary activities. In early April, he ordered the mobilization of a large number of plainclothes detectives and armed police to conduct an unprecedented manhunt in Beijing.
Before Zhang was publicly arrested, people learned that the enemy had drawn up a blacklist, and Zhang Yilan was on the list. After the organization got the news, it tried to inform Zhang Yilan and let her prepare for the emergency. At that time, a friend worried about Zhang Yilan's safety and advised her to leave Beijing for other places, but she politely declined. While making the necessary emergency preparations, she kept calm and stuck to the combat post day and night.
1one morning before April 6, 927, before Zhang Yilan got up, a group of plainclothes detectives suddenly broke into the house. When she woke up from her sleep, she found herself under the control of the enemy. She was very calm and didn't panic. According to Zhang Yilan's family, after the enemy broke into the house, she initially claimed that she was "not dressed yet" and told the eagles to wait outside. When she came out of the bedroom and opened the door of the room, she was taken to the prison car by the detective and sent to the police station for detention. When the enemy arrested Zhang Yilan, they searched her bedroom and copied everything in her cupboard and desk drawer. Later, according to Liu Qingyang's memory, Zhang Yilan was appointed as the Minister of Women's Department of the Kuomintang Party Department in Beiping Special City, and her work was very active. However, due to lack of experience and vigilance, no work plan and other documents were collected, which was found by the enemy to be hidden under the pillow and became physical evidence to convict her.
Zhang Yilan, who grew up under the training and education of the Party and the baptism of the Great Revolution, had a deeper understanding of the meaning of life and a stronger revolutionary will after more than 20 days of prison exercise. She is determined to devote herself to the revolution. Therefore, although the enemy threatened, lured and tortured her, it did not change her revolutionary beliefs or shake her loyalty to revolutionary comrades at all. For more than 20 days, the enemy repeatedly extorted confessions. She didn't reveal any secrets and didn't involve any comrades.
After the counter-revolutionary coup on April 12, Chiang Kai-shek quickly sent a telegram, claiming that the arrested producers of * * * should be executed immediately to avoid future troubles. On the morning of April 28th, at 10, the enemy's so-called special court suddenly opened and sentenced 20 revolutionaries, including Li Dazhao and Zhang Yilan, to death, which was immediately executed. In the afternoon, they were taken to Shi Jing Detention Center in Xijiaomin Lane and secretly hanged. Zhang Yilan was the only woman among the 20 martyrs and the last one to be punished. In the process of hanging for more than three hours, Zhang Yilan did not show any fear in the face of the threat of death.
Regarding how she bravely walked to the execution ground, Li Xinghua, the eldest daughter of Li Dazhao, recalled: "On April 28th, Zhang Yilan was called away. On that day, she dressed neatly and combed her hair neatly ... "Beijing Shuntian Times recorded on April 29 1927:" ... the third car was taken by female prisoners Zhang Yilan and Deng. From the photo, we see a fearless hero in a crisis. Her posture is serene, firm and resolute, her eyes are full of hatred and contempt for the enemy, and she shows infinite confidence in the victory of the revolution.