It began in the Five Dynasties Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of sentences changed with the change of tunes.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Shi summed up the form of ci as follows: "The sound has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number, and the word has a fixed tone." Generally speaking, the form of words has the following characteristics: 1. Every word has a tag.
Generally speaking, the epigraph is not the title of a word, but just equivalent to a word spectrum. In the Song Dynasty, some poets often added a topic or wrote a small preface under the epigraph to show their meaning.
2.- The number of words and sentence length of general epigrams are fixed and have the necessary format. 3. The rules of phonology in words are particularly strict, and the words should be leveled. Each tablet has its own rules and is different.
4. Words are generally divided into two parts (or two parts), and very few words have only one part or more than three parts.
2. What are the characteristics of new poems with long and short sentences? "New poetry" should be poetry first. Compared with classical poetry, it is not bound by strict rules and formats, and its language is more free and vernacular.
Therefore, new poetry has another name for free poetry and vernacular poetry. Freedom and vernacular are the meanings of the word "new" in new poetry.
It is the dividing line between new poetry and classical poetry. All poems written in daily language, including some classical Chinese words that are still alive today, break through the constraints of classical poetry's meter and format and belong to the category of new poetry.
Including poems with neat words and neat sentences. It also includes poems with different words in each sentence and different sentences.
Because since it is a free poem, we can't preach freedom and stipulate that it can only be this way and not that way. Make the form of new poetry more monotonous than classical poetry.
In particular, it should be pointed out that the lack of rhyme, punctuation, clauses and sentence breaks does not meet the requirements of modern Chinese norms, which is not the characteristic of new poetry. This is not the characteristic of poetry.
3. The expression effect of long and short sentences and whole sentences. 1. Explain the whole sentence and sentence transformation knowledge. A word is neat and symmetrical, which mostly constitutes parallelism and duality.
Its structure is neat, syllables are harmonious, momentum is connected, meaning is clear, and atmosphere is rendered. Compared with the whole sentence, a loose sentence is a group of sentences with scattered structure and uneven sentence length. Its form is flexible and natural, full of changes and avoids monotony.
Whether to use whole sentences or scattered sentences should be decided according to the needs of expression. Whole sentences and scattered sentences are also interchangeable.
Turning a loose sentence into a complete sentence means turning a long and short sentence into the same sentence pattern, or all of them into long sentences, or all of them into short sentences. Changing a whole sentence into a scattered sentence means changing "neat" into "scattered". When rewriting, the sentence pattern is changed, and long and short sentences are interspersed to become scattered sentences.
Second, practice the conversion between whole sentences and scattered sentences. Example 1: Change the underlined sentences in the following text into complete sentences. There are all kinds of flowers in the world.
I have seen elegant peony, noble and elegant chrysanthemum; I have seen graceful daffodils and muddy lotus flowers. I have seen unpretentious wheat flowers and sorghum flowers, and I have also seen glorious hero flowers. However, in my deep memory, it is such a flower that I will never forget; Not in the spring of March, but in the cold winter; It doesn't bloom in a flowerbed greenhouse, but in the ice and snow. It is not the warm spring breeze that welcomes its birth, but the cold north wind; It is the people's tears and painstaking efforts that nourish its growth, not the spring breeze and autumn dew.
This is a flower dedicated to Premier Zhou, an endless flower in Tiananmen Square. Example 2: Modify the underlined part of the following sentence to form a complete sentence with the sentence before it.
(You can't change your original intention, you can change your words appropriately.) Shanghai has quietly appeared the bud of "experience economy": let you experience the rainforest restaurant that feels like entering the tropical rainforest; ① Sightseeing agriculture in sunqiao town allows you to experience field work; An entertainment shopping center with a collective leisure shopping investment of more than 300 million US dollars will soon appear, and a famous tourist attraction like Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and Sydney in Australia will soon be built ... All these are wise moves to develop the "experience economy". Answer 1 answer 2 for example 1 reference answer: not in the spring of March, but in the cold winter; It doesn't open in the flower bed greenhouse, but it blooms in the ice and snow; It is not the warm spring breeze that welcomes its birth, but the cold north wind; It is not the spring breeze and autumn dew that nourish it, but the tears of the people.
Reference answers: ① sunqiao town sightseeing agriculture can experience field work; ② Famous tourist attractions such as Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and Sydney Harbour in Australia will also be built. Third, explain the transformation between oral sentence patterns and written sentence patterns. Knowledge points often appear in spoken sentence patterns, which are called spoken sentence patterns.
It is short and pithy, with simple structure, few related words, vivid and natural. The sentence patterns that often appear in written language are called written sentence patterns, which use long sentences, have complex structures and use more related words, so they are rigorous and thorough.
In addition, there are obvious differences between spoken sentences and written sentences in terms of words: spoken sentences mostly use easy-to-understand words, while written sentences are mostly composed of elegant and solemn words. Fourth, practice the conversion between spoken and written sentence patterns. Example 1: According to the language environment, the contents of the following written materials are relayed orally.
MATERIALS: ① Xu Fan, male, from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is a professor at the School of Literature of Oriental University. (2) He is a rising star in China's redology circle, especially in studying the author's life experience.
(3) monographs on Cao Xueqin's family background, On Figures in Grand View Garden and A Dream of Red Mansions; Introduction (④ Excellent Education Book Award) enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Requirements: ① The content is appropriate.
② Appropriate expression. ③ It conforms to the characteristics of spoken language.
④ Write the reported words on the corresponding horizontal lines. When the school invited Xu Fan to have a discussion with the students, you introduced to the students as a member of the literary society: 1234Case 1 Reference answer: Key points of transformation: ① There should be a title after "Xu Fan" and no gender should be introduced.
② "department" and "rising star" must be transformed into "yes" and "research expert". (3) the author's life experience should be converted into Cao Xueqin's life experience or the author's life experience of A Dream of Red Mansions, and "good at
(4) The contents in brackets must be converted into sentences. (5) Explain the knowledge points of transformation between regular sentences and variant sentences. Regular sentences are sentences with normal word order. Variant sentences are sentences with inverted sentence components.
Common variant sentences are: verb inversion, adverbial postposition, Zhuang preposition and attributive postposition. The purpose of variation is to emphasize something.
What's the matter with you? What's the matter with you? We will discuss and solve this problem in the conference room tomorrow. We will discuss and solve this problem in the conference room tomorrow.
Tomorrow, we will discuss and solve this problem in the conference room. He beat Xiao Ming in Class Kloc-0, Grade 2.
He beat Xiao Ming in Grade Two (1). (attribute postposition) 6. Practice the transformation between regular sentences and variant sentences 1 The following sentence transformation is correct: A Everyone knows that Li Bai was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty.
No one can deny that Li Bai was not a great poet in Tang Dynasty in China. They deserve a new life that we have never experienced before.
They deserve a new life, which we have never experienced before. C Against the background of thick clouds, the dam seems to be a big warship moored in the sea, which is even more majestic.
Against the thick clouds, the dam seems to be a big warship moored in the sea, which is even more majestic. The rain came suddenly and violently.
Change it into an exclamatory sentence: let the rain come more suddenly and violently! The topic of explaining the knowledge points of sentence reorganization is generally to change the beginning of a sentence or the object of statement, so that the answer can reorganize the sentence without missing the information of the original sentence. Example of practicing sentence recombination 1. Start with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and reorganize the following sentence without changing the original intention.
Su Shi's life and creation are full of contradictions, because he is influenced by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and his thoughts are complicated. Examples of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism 1 Reference answer: Both Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have an influence on Su Shi.
4. What are the characteristics of new poems with long and short sentences? "New poetry" should be poetry first. Compared with classical poetry, it is not bound by strict rules and formats, and its language is more free and vernacular.
Therefore, new poetry has another name for free poetry and vernacular poetry. Freedom and vernacular are the meanings of the word "new" in new poetry.
It is the dividing line between new poetry and classical poetry. All poems written in daily language, including some classical Chinese words that are still alive today, break through the constraints of classical poetry's meter and format and belong to the category of new poetry.
Including poems with neat words and neat sentences. It also includes poems with different words in each sentence and different sentences.
Because since it is a free poem, we can't preach freedom and stipulate that it can only be this way and not that way. Make the form of new poetry more monotonous than classical poetry.
In particular, it should be pointed out that the lack of rhyme, punctuation, clauses and sentence breaks does not meet the requirements of modern Chinese norms, which is not the characteristic of new poetry. This is not the characteristic of poetry.
5. The expression effect of words, spoken language and long and short sentences in the paper.
Theory is a kind of essay style, according to Yun: "Commentator, discuss also". "Selected Works of Zhaoming" said: "There are two theories. One is the theory of history, which is the judgment of good and evil made by loyal ministers at the end of biographies.
For example, Tai Shigong said after Historical Records. Second, when it comes to political theory, it is fallacious for bachelors and doctors to talk about ancient and modern figures or comment on classic history. "
For example, The Six Kingdoms and Guo Qin. Ming.
In ancient times, words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merits were called "Ming". The inscription carved on the writing board and placed on the right side of the bookcase to protect yourself is called "motto"
Such as Liu Yuxi's "Humble Room Inscription". Carved on a stone tablet, the narrator's life is celebrated and commemorated, which is called "epitaph"
Such as Han Yu's epitaph of Liu Zihou. travel notes
Travel notes are a form of prose describing travel experiences. Travel notes have a wide range of materials, which can describe the beauty of famous mountains and rivers, record the peculiar richness of local customs, reflect the daily life of a person and a family, and also record the major events of a country and express the author's thoughts and feelings.
The style of writing is relaxed, vivid and informative, which gives people rich social knowledge and a good feeling. Travel notes are argumentative essays, such as Yueyang Tower and You Bao Chan. There are scientific ones, such as the Three Gorges in Li Daoyuan; Some are lyrical, such as Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond.
Original. The original intention is the ancient argumentative style.
This style is a fundamental investigation and discussion of a certain theory, proposition, political system or social custom, and it is highly theoretical. Such as Han Yu's Original Extinction and Huang Zongxi's Original King.
Preface Stylistic name.
In ancient times, poetry was used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, Han Yu's Preface to Sending Stones to Chu Shi: "Therefore, all Dudong people ... hence the name" Six Rhymes of Songs and Poems ",which is sent to the preface cloud.
After that, all articles that bid farewell to others without poems are also called preface, and the content is often praise, praise or encouragement. We studied Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang in the Ming Dynasty.
When reading an article, pay tribute to a priest or a god such as heaven, earth, mountains and rivers.
There are two genres: verse and prose. The content is to remember the main experience before his life, to praise his main moral character and career, to mourn and to inspire the living.
Such as Yuan Mei's "Sister-in-law". Fairy tales.
A children's literature. Through rich imagination, fantasy and exaggeration to shape characters, reflect life and educate children ideologically.
Fairy tale language is easy to understand, vivid and vivid, with bizarre plot and full of interest. The description of natural scenery is often anthropomorphic, which can adapt to children's psychology and interest, stimulate people's imagination and facilitate children's acceptance and transformation. Fairy tales selected as teaching materials are: Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes and Ye Shengtao's The Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes.
Preface and postscript. Foreword is also called "preface" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface"
It is an article that explains the intention of writing or publishing a book, the arrangement style and the author's situation. It can also include comments on writers' works and research on related issues.
"Preface" is usually written in front of a book or article (some are listed in the back, such as "Preface to Historical Records"), and those listed in the back of the book are called "Postscript" or "Postscript". This kind of article belongs to expository or argumentative according to the content, and it is expository that explains the writing purpose, style and content.
Comments on the author's works or explanations are argumentative. The prefaces we have studied are: the preface to Scream, the preface to Rural Investigation, the postscript to the South Record of Returning to Germany, and the Biography of Lingguan.
Debate. "Debate" is to argue about right and wrong, not true and false. This style is characterized by refuting a wrong argument or discriminating some facts.
For example, Han Yu's Debate on Taboo and Liu Zongyuan's Debate on Dong Xiong. Miscellaneous notes
Including: (1) Miscellaneous notes on landscape and personnel. Descriptions of mountains and rivers, scenery and people, such as "Little Stone Pond" and "Mount Tai".
(2) Precautions. Mainly notes, characterized by short length, about 1000 words; Rich in content, there are historical anecdotes, heritages, literary essays, people's essays, science novels, textual research, reading miscellaneous notes and so on.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Meng Qian Bi Tan are such styles. Commemorate.
Ancient ministers collectively went to court. Including play, discussion, reconciliation, expression, countermeasures and so on.
"The article has a body order": "Before the Seven Kingdoms, it was all called the early Qin Dynasty. There are four kinds of ceremonies in Han dynasty: one is to say thank you; Second, fight, in order to crush it; Three expressions of feelings; Four days of deliberation, there is deliberation. "
Folk stories. The literary form formed by the oral creation of the masses has been passed down orally and has been continuously revised and processed by many people.
The characteristics of folk stories: strong story and vivid plot; Spoken, simple and lively; Imagination is strange and rich; Often use exaggeration and metaphor, which has a strong artistic appeal. In content, it comes from the people and mainly reflects the folk life.
Some folk stories often have mythical fantasy plots and are full of magical colors. For example: fisherman's story, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc.
Go ahead. The floorboard of ancient argumentative articles.
And "On" is not much different, so later collectively referred to as essays on reasoning and analysis. Preface of article analysis: "Speaker, interpreter, explain meaning, and explain with your own meaning."
We have studied this genre of articles: teacher's comments, horse's comments, young chinese's comments, snake catching comments and Huang Sheng's comments on borrowing books. Foreword: a style.
In ancient times, poems and songs were used to bid farewell, which was called the preface of giving and answering. For example, "Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang".
This kind of writing is mostly praise and encouragement. Book narrator: "Book" refers to ordinary letters.
"Say" refers to the words that clarify the meaning of things and problems. The reason why the two are grouped together is that "book" is often the same as "theory" in content, discriminating things and explaining meanings. Both of them often express their views and opinions in narrative way, which is very flexible.
For example, The Snake Catcher, Huang Sheng's Borrowing Books, Answering Li Yishu, Reporting the Number of Sheets to Liu Yi, etc. Biography: an article describing a person's life story.
Generally speaking, most of them describe the life stories of people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Take narrative, description and other methods to show the life style of characters.
This style has always been used in history books. Such as Biography of Su Wu, Biography of Zhang Hengchuan and Biography of Harry.
Argumentative essay: It is an ancient prose style. There are titles such as "Original …", "On …" and "Debate".