Stephen william hawking (1942 65438+1October 8 to 201March 08 14), male, was born in Oxford, England, a famous physicist at Cambridge University, one of the greatest physicists in modern times and one of the great men with international reputation in the 20th century.
1963 Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Luger's disease) at the age of 2 1 year. He is completely paralyzed, unable to speak, and only three fingers can move in his hand. 1979 served as Lucas professor of mathematics from 2009 to 2009. His main research fields are cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and put forward the black hole evaporation theory and the borderless Hawking universe model.
An important step has been taken in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-the theory of relativity founded by Einstein and quantum mechanics founded by Planck. He was awarded the honors of CH (Lord Honorary of England), CBE (Commander of the British Empire), FRS (Member of the Royal Society) and FRSA (Member of the Royal Art Association).
Extended data Hawking's black hole theory
2065438+200465438+241On October 24th, Professor Stephen Hawking, a famous British scientist, once again shocked the physics circle with his theory related to black holes. Hawking pointed out in the article "Information Preservation and Weather Forecast of Black Holes" that "black holes do not exist" because the boundary of black holes cannot be found, but "grey holes" do exist.
This is to solve the problem of "firewall". In the new theory, "black holes don't exist" is not really nonexistent. The boundary of a black hole is also called the "horizon". According to the classical black hole theory, the matter and radiation outside the black hole can enter the black hole through the horizon, but nothing inside the black hole can pass through the horizon.
Hawking's "grey hole" theory holds that matter and energy will be released into the universe again after being trapped by a black hole for a period of time. In his paper, he admitted that his initial understanding of the horizon was flawed, and light could actually cross the horizon. When light escapes from the core of a black hole, it moves like a person running on a treadmill and slowly contracts by radiating outward.
"Classical black hole theory holds that no matter and radiation can escape from a black hole, while quantum mechanics theory shows that both energy and information can escape from a black hole." Hawking also pointed out that the explanation of this escape process needs a theory that can successfully integrate gravity and other basic forces. In the past 100 years, no one in physics has tried to explain this process.
Some scientists agree with Hawking's "grey hole" theory, while others are skeptical. Joseph Polchinski, a theoretical physicist at Caffrey Institute of Theoretical Physics in the United States, pointed out that according to Einstein's theory of gravity, the boundary of a black hole exists, but it is not obviously different from other parts of the universe.
In fact, Hawking made similar remarks as early as 2004. On July 2 1 that year, Hawking pointed out at the 17 International Conference on General Relativity and Gravity that black holes do not "completely swallow up" everything around them as he and most other physicists thought before. In fact, some information of the matter sucked deep into the black hole may be released at some time.
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