When explaining the word "zi": it, this; Son, also refers to children in ancient times, here refers to female offspring; "Sister-in-law": In ancient times, it meant that a woman got married. The ancients believed that a woman's real home is when she marries her husband's family, that is, his husband's family is a woman's final destination. Scholars use the antique word "Yugui" instead of "marriage", which is used in weddings and wedding receptions to express their wishes to newcomers, especially brides. It is very tasty. The source "The Book of Songs, National Style, Nan Zhou and Yao Tao": "The son of a son belongs to his home." Zhu Chuan: "Women say that they will pay back when they get married." Quoted from Double Booking in the Building: "He will come home every day, and I don't know what man he married, so he will be depressed." Guo Moruo's Flower of Tang Di Act II: "I remember that you have another sister. I am afraid that you have come back? " The Book of Songs is interpreted by your son Nan Zhou Yao Tao: "Peach flies away and burns its glory. When my son comes home, he should be at home! Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. When my son comes home, he should be at home! The peach tree died, and its leaves were Qin Qin. The girl is getting married and happy to her husband's family. " Can it be translated into vernacular Chinese? I believe most scholars will translate it like this: "Peach Tree! How lush it is, with gorgeous red flowers. A beautiful girl married is more suitable for her family. Peach tree! How lush and fruitful. The beautiful girl is married, which suits her family very well. Peach tree! How lush and lush, the green leaves are thick and shady. A beautiful girl married is more suitable for her family. The word "sister-in-law" will probably be annotated as: "In ancient times, a woman was called a sister-in-law when she got married. The word "family" will be annotated as: "refers to the family that a woman marries." From the traditional custom of "ghost marriage" in South Taiwan Province Province, I have different interpretations. The traditional custom of the Han nationality is "going back to her mother's house on the second day of the New Year's Day". Taiwan Province Provincial Society pointed out that marrying a daughter to go home is "going home". Why? According to Confucian tradition, the first thing a woman does on her wedding day is to go to the church to worship her husband's ancestors, which tells gods, ghosts and people that a woman will soon belong to her husband's family, which is also the reason for her husband's surname (in Japan, it is simpler to change her original surname to her husband's surname). Traditionally, a man is a room, and there is a room in the room, which is suitable for marrying a woman, so the Book of Songs. In this way, the meaning of "my son returns" should be translated as: "This woman! It is appropriate to go home (in-laws) at last. Therefore, the joy of going home is the joy of going home. How can we celebrate without drinking? According to the above explanation, a woman who is not married (married, but also in the woman's house) has never entered the hall of her husband's family. In case of unfortunate death, she naturally cannot be listed as a "theoretical husband" on the memorial tablet of "commanding his ancestors". In this way, she will be sacrificed without direct or collateral branches. Emotionally speaking, if a woman dies before marriage, she will become a wandering soul. If she can finish her "coming home" ceremony, it will be a good ending. Therefore, under this framework, the custom of "ghost marriage" in the southern province of Taiwan Province can be rationalized. The poem The Book of Songs Nan Zhou Yao Tao is very famous. Even those who have only read a few articles of The Book of Songs generally know that "Taofei Huanghui". Why is this? I think there are several reasons: first, the images created in the poems are very vivid. It is really well written to compare the beauty of a girl with bright peach blossoms. After reading such a famous sentence, who wouldn't see a girl image as bright as a peach blossom and as youthful as a small peach tree? In particular, the word "burning" really gives people a bright feeling. Yao Jiheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty who wrote The Book of Songs, said that this poem "praises the ancestors of people through the ages" is not an excessive compliment. Second, just four sentences convey a jubilant atmosphere. This is very valuable. "Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. It is appropriate for my son to return to China and stay at home. " Read it carefully, and an atmosphere of jubilation and happiness will fill the lines. "Tender peach branches, bright peach blossoms. That girl is getting married today, bringing joy and beauty to her husband's family. " Look, how beautiful it is. This kind of emotion and desire embodies the people's love for life and their pursuit of a happy and beautiful family. Thirdly, this poem shows that a girl should not only have the gorgeous appearance like a peach blossom, but also have the inner beauty of "comfortable room" and "IKEA". This poem congratulates people on their marriage, but unlike other poems that congratulate people on their marriage, it either boasts how prominent the man's family background is or shows how rich the woman's dowry is. It is to say "suitable for his family" over and over again, so that the family can become beautiful and truly superior. This reminds us of Confucius' praise of the Book of Songs: "There are 300 poems, which, in a word, say' thinking innocently'." Of course, Confucius' words are very rich in content, but does it also include the above thoughts reflected in Yao Tao? Mr. Chen Zizhan said, "After the Revolution of 1911, I also saw people in rural areas holding weddings and singing three chapters of Yao Tao ..." (Selected Translation of National Style) Combining the ideas expressed in this poem, it is easy to understand the three chapters of the song "Farmers Married", Yao Tao. Yao Tao's writing is also very particular. It seems that I only changed a few words and sang it over and over again. In fact, the author is very attentive. The first chapter is "flower", the second chapter is "reality" and the third chapter is "leaf", which expresses three different meanings with three changes of peach trees. Writing flowers is to describe the beauty of the bride; Realism and writing leaves, don't they make readers think more and further? Dense peaches and lush peach leaves are really a prosperous scene! This poem is not difficult to understand, but the truth contained in it is worth exploring. One question is, what is beauty, and what is the concept of beauty of pre-Qin people expressed by Yao Tao? "Peach blossom flies, burning its glory", beauty, beauty like peach blossom, beauty is not beautiful? But even this would not be enough "A son should go back to his home, and his family should live in harmony. "This is the only complete method. This concept of beauty was very popular in the society at that time. The concept of truth, goodness and beauty appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chu Wuju and Chu Lingwang had an argument about "what is beauty". Wu Ju said: "If you are beautiful, you are beautiful, up and down, inside and outside, big and small, far and near.". If it is beautiful in the eyes, it will be embarrassing if it is reduced to financial use. Is to gather people's interests and self-styled barren people. What is Hu Mei's behavior? " (Guoyu Chu Yu) Obviously, Wu Ju's view is "harmlessness is beauty", that is, goodness is beauty. Moreover, all aspects of "up and down, inside and outside, size and distance" should be measured and harmless. The main feature of this view is to emphasize the consistency between "goodness" and "beauty". Replacing beauty with goodness actually gives beauty a strong political and ethical significance. "What is Hu Mei's behavior? "This means that it is not beautiful for rulers to squander wealth, waste manpower and material resources and indulge in excesses. It should be said that this view has certain political significance. But it denies the difference between "goodness" and "beauty" and the relative independence of beauty. It does not recognize the beauty of "eye view", which is its serious limitation. Although this concept of beauty had its opposite at that time, some people noticed the beauty of "eye view", but this view of taking goodness as beauty should be said to be representative in pre-Qin aesthetics, and the aesthetic concept of pre-Qin Confucianism mainly developed in this direction. Confucius also holds such an aesthetic view that "three hundred poems, in a word, is called" thinking without evil ",and he appreciates" three hundred poems "because of" innocence ". He spoke highly of Guan Yu's beauty, because it is "happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt" (The Analects of Confucius Bashu), which meets the requirements of goodness. When evaluating people, he said: "If you have the beauty of Zhou Gong's talent, you will be arrogant and stingy, and the rest will be insufficient." (The Analects of Confucius Taber) Goodness and beauty, goodness is the dominant aspect. Even when choosing a residence, Confucius said, "Benevolence is beautiful." Where you live, benevolence is "beauty". It can be seen that Confucius' judgment of beauty is based on goodness. But Confucius' aesthetic view is advanced after all. It is different from Wu Ju's point of view, and has begun to distinguish between beauty and goodness as two different standards. "The son's name is Shao:' All look good, all are good'; It's called "Wu": "Perfect people, not perfect people". "Of course, through the evaluation of Shao and Wu, we can see that perfection is only perfection, but it can't be said to be beauty, and perfection is fundamental. At this point, if we look back at this chapter of Yao Tao, I'm afraid we can better understand the aesthetic thought it reflects. In people's ideas at that time, it was as gorgeous as peach blossoms and as bright as eyes, but it was the beauty of "seeing in the eyes", only "perfection, not perfection". Only with the moral character of "keeping the house at home" can you be regarded as a beautiful girl and a qualified bride. The second question followed. The specific content of beauty is not only "gorgeous as a peach blossom", but also "livable", that is, the combination of beauty and goodness. So, how should we understand and evaluate this concept? Why did the pre-Qin people regard family and marriage as so important? Attaching importance to marriage and family is not only reflected in Yao Tao, but also in the whole Book of Songs. In a sense, The Book of Songs puts this aspect in the first place. Yao Tao is the sixth of 305 articles, and its position in The Book of Songs is very prominent. If we put five more articles before Yao Tao, we can see more clearly that marriage and family issues really occupy an unparalleled position in The Book of Songs. The first of the 300 articles is Guan Ju, about a young man who falls in love with a beautiful girl. He misses her day and night and longs to marry her. The second article, Ge Tan, tells the story of a woman's feelings before returning to her hometown to visit her parents, as well as her diligent housekeeping and filial piety. The third article, Curled Ears, is about the husband's long journey and his wife's missing. The fifth article "Katz", congratulations on having more children. The sixth chapter, Yao Tao, congratulates people on their wedding and wishes the bride "a suitable home". The above are the first few of the 300 articles (except the fourth article). They write about love, marriage, the yearning for husband and wife to leave, the desire to have many children, going home to visit relatives and so on. It can be said that the main problems in married life have been discussed. A book of songs, 305 articles, the first few articles are almost all about marriage and family issues, is it thought-provoking? No matter who edited "Three Hundred Poems", whether Confucius deleted or arranged poems or did some positive work for "Three Hundred Poems", there is no doubt that they all attached great importance to marriage and family issues. How should we recognize and comment on this issue? During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the level of productivity was still very low, and the family was the most basic unit of society. Everyone relies on their families to cope with difficulties, overcome natural disasters and strive for a happy life. Of course, they want family harmony and unity. Marriage is a big event, because it concerns the future of the family. Therefore, the couple's main hope is to "get married". Very easy to understand. As far as the rulers are concerned, it is much more complicated. " "Book of Rites University" quotes Yao Tao's poem, saying, "Suit your home, and then you can teach others. "This is really hit the nail on the head. Family is the most basic unit of society, and the consolidation of family is closely related to the consolidation of society. In the Han Dynasty, there appeared the theories of "three cardinal guides" (the monarch is the minister's guide, the father is the child's guide, and the husband is the wife's guide) and "five permanent guides" (the five relationships of monarch, minister, father and son, couple, brother and friend). Both the "Three Cardinal Principles" and the "Five Permanent Principles" are based on the relationship between husband and wife, which is regarded as the beginning of human relations, and the other four relationships are derived from it. Jia Zhu, a Neo-Confucianist in the Song Dynasty, said: "It is wrong to have heaven and earth followed by everything, everything followed by men and women, men and women followed by husband and wife, husband and wife followed by father and son, father and son followed by ministers, and ministers followed by ups and downs, ups and downs followed by courtesy. Men and women are the basis of the three basic principles, and everything comes first. "From this discussion, we can also see why the rulers attach so much importance to marriage and family issues. Listening to ancient music is afraid of lying down, and those who take pains to listen to Zheng have a very different famous saying. He said: "If the family is poor, you will think of a good wife, and if the country is chaotic, you will think of a good face. Inheriting the ancestral temple and enlightening future generations, if you can't do it, if you can't use your heart! "IKEA" is synonymous with "Guo Yi". In their eyes, "IKEA" and "Guo Yi" are the same thing, and of course they are considered very important. " Taoyao Yao, burning its China. No matter how many articles have been written on Yao Tao by exegetists since ancient times, a girl as beautiful as a small peach tree and a peach blossom in the hot spring sun will always live in the hearts of readers. People sincerely wish her: "Her son should go back to China and stay at home."