Badashanren (about 1626—— about 1705), named Zhu Da, was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, and was a painter and calligrapher in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Badashanren is the grandson of King Zhu Quan IX of Ning Ming and one of the "Four Monks" in the early Qing Dynasty. After the demise of the Ming dynasty, the country was ruined and the mood was sad. He became a monk and his dharma name was handed down. He also used metaphors such as "snow", "mountain", "mountain donkey", "donkey house", "human house" and "Dao Lang", and then entered the Qingyunpu Scenic Resort scenic spot as "Dao Lang". He is usually called Zhu Da, but this name has been used for some time. In his later years, he took Badashan people and used them until his death. When he signs a painting, he often writes "Eighth National Congress" and "Mountain Man" vertically. The first two words are similar to the words "cry" and "laugh", and the last two words are similar to the word "know", indicating crying and laughing. He was loyal to the Ming Dynasty all his life, pretending to be a adherent of the Ming Dynasty and refusing to cooperate with the Qing Dynasty. His works often use symbolic means to express his feelings, such as painting fish, ducks and birds. They all look at the sky with white eyes and are full of stubbornness. This image is a portrayal of Zhu Da's self-mentality. Painting mountains and rivers, taking more desolate scenery, leaving mountains and rivers, overflowing with the feeling of paper paste, can be described as "no more ink and more tears, mountains and rivers are still old mountains and rivers", "If you want to see people, you can interpret the pictures, and you can also write mountains and rivers in the Song Dynasty". It can be seen that Zhu Da expressed his attachment to the old dynasty through painting and calligraphy. Zhu Da's pen and ink are characterized by laissez-faire, vigor and beauty, elegance and agility. No matter big or small, there is a simple, clear, beautiful and healthy spirit. The structure of rules is unconventional, seeking completeness in incompleteness. Zhu Da's paintings have a great influence on later generations.
Zhu Da is good at flowers and birds and landscapes, and his flower-and-bird paintings inherit the freehand brushwork traditions of Chen Chun and Xu Wei. It has developed into a kind of freehand brushwork, which is characterized by exaggerating the painted flowers, birds, fish and insects by symbolic means. With its peculiar image and simple modeling, the painting has a prominent image and a distinct theme, and even the eyes of birds and fish are painted as "white eyes" to show their aloof and cynical character, thus creating an unprecedented flower-and-bird modeling.
His paintings are simple and bold, vigorous and powerful, dripping and hearty, with simple composition and strange and steep style. His landscape painting was first studied by Dong Qichang, then by Huang and Ni Zan. He mostly makes ink and wash landscapes, with simple and vigorous brushwork and desolate artistic conception. He is also good at calligraphy, calligraphy, cursive script, patriarchal Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Yan Zhenqing, Dong Qichang and so on. He writes books with a bald pen, and his writing is smooth and healthy.
[Edit this paragraph] Life story
Lonely bird map
Zhu Da gave the grandson of King Zhu Quan IX to Ning Ming, and Zhu Da's father and father were both good at calligraphy and painting, so he was cultivated by art from an early age. At the age of eight, I can write poetry, at the age of eleven, I can draw mountains and rivers, and when I was young, I can write the fine print of Mijia by hanging my wrist. Weak crown for life.
After the death of Ming Chengzu, he was dissatisfied with the Qing Dynasty and became a monk at Gengxiang Temple in Fengxin County at the age of 23. Later, he lived in seclusion in Jiegang, Jinxian County and Mugang, Yongfeng County.
At the end of Shunzhi, at the age of 36, he returned to Nanchang and Daoyuan, a scenic spot in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort (Qingyunpu Scenic Resort). It took six or seven years to make this Daoyuan take shape. He lived a labor life of "nothing" and "my husband moved to farm and dig wells". He wants to make this place a paradise in order to realize his long-cherished wish of "finding self-existence". However, this kind of "freedom" was established under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and it is impossible to "don't have to come outside". Because powerful people in the Qing Dynasty often came here to harass him, he often wandered around other places.
Peacock bamboo stone map
At the age of 53 in the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Linchuan County magistrate Hu Wenming invited him to live with Rao Yupu, a monk, until he was a guest at Linchuan's official residence for many years. This made him very upset and angry, so he pretended to be crazy, tore his robe and walked back to Nanchang alone. More than a year later, he returned to Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area, where he spent his "Flower Birthday". At the age of sixty-two, he stopped being an abbot and handed over the temple to his disciple Tu Ruoyu.
Later, he hid in Beilan Temple and Kaiyuan Temple near Nanchang. And often make a living by selling paintings. Later, he was born in poverty and named "Gage Caotang", and spent his old age in loneliness and poverty. Zhang Jiang Ye Danju has a poem "Crossing the Eight Mountains": "A room is full of songs, and the dusty Artemisia is hidden in the dark, and poetry and painting are in Zen. The old man lives in seclusion, and the remnants of the mountain are left with water. The old business of Qingmen is there, and the people who grow melons are scattered. "
[Edit this paragraph] Literacy
Badashan people have many characters, names and aliases. His real name is Tong, also known as Badashanren, Xuege, Geshan, Geshan Donkey, Renwu, etc. He became a Taoist and lived in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he remained anonymous. He cut his hair and became a monk. He took the Dhamma name and handed it down. At the age of 55, he used the word blade in Geng Jia, Kangxi (1680). It began to snow at 4 1 year old, and it was used at 55 years old. The first time I saw No.1 Mountain was at the age of 46, and until I was 59, he still had the equal sign of donkey, donkey house and human house. Donkey money was first seen at the age of 56 and at the latest at the age of 58. Man's house and donkey's house are used at the same time. Before the age of 60, the characters used were Yi Fa, Diandian, Han Chun, Yi Xueheng, Liefu and Hongxuan. Zhu Da is a monk's name, and "dang" is a vulgar word for "donkey". As for the name "Benevolence in Badashan", he chose it after he abandoned the monk and turned to the common customs. From the age of 59 until his death at the age of 80, all the previous words were abandoned. The book "Badashanren" has profound implications. The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China is closely related to Ren Shan, that is, "crying and laughing" is his hidden meaning. He has a poem "Laughter and crying are spreading" to express the feelings of national destruction and danger.
[Edit this paragraph] Style characteristics
Part of Flowers on the River
Badashan people focus on painting and have high attainments in calligraphy, poetry postscript and seal cutting. In painting, he is famous for his freehand brushwork in ink and wash, and he is good at splashing ink, especially flower-and-bird painting, which is beautiful in the world.
In his creation, he is natural, concise, magnificent and novel, creating a broad and vertical style. In the past 300 years, all the great freehand brushwork schools have been influenced by him to some extent. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Geng commented that his paintings had reached the realm of "being clumsy in the countryside and neglecting painting". He advocates "economy" in painting. Sometimes he only draws a bird or a stone on a big piece of paper and only draws a few strokes, and his expression is perfect. His calligraphy style is vigorous and fluent. Seal cutting is simple and unique.
In the process of forming his own style, Zhu Da inherited the fine traditions of the previous generation and found his own way. His flower-and-bird paintings lived in Xu Xi for five dynasties, and Zhu Lanmo, a literati painter in Song Dynasty, was also influenced by the techniques of Lin Liang, Lv Ji and Lu Zhi in Ming Dynasty, especially advocating the extensive painting style of the Qingteng Bai Yang. His landscape paintings reached as far away as the Southern Dynasties, and he studied under Dong, Ju, Mi Fei, Ni, Huang and Dong Qichang.
Sleeping duck map
Generally speaking, Zhu Da's painting art is characterized by expressing feelings with form and taking spirit with form; The pen and ink are simple and light, and the pen is bold and unrestrained; Sparse layout and empty artistic conception; Full of energy and momentum. His form and skills are the best expression of his true feelings. The brushwork is unrestrained, does not constitute a law, vigorous and beautiful, leisurely, and the composition is incomplete but complete. His "one flower, one bird" lies not in quantity and size, but in the position and momentum in the layout. And whether it is used in a timely, surprising and ingenious way. This is his "win-win" method. If the layout of the painting is flawed, sometimes books and clouds are used to fill its meaning. Badashan people can write poems and have exquisite calligraphy, so even though his paintings are not many, with his poems, the artistic conception is enough, and his paintings make people feel small and numerous, which is the artistic ingenuity.
Most of his landscape paintings are ink and wash, and the patriarchal clan system is Dong Qichang, with Huang, Ni Zan and Dong Qichang painting landscapes. However, there is no elegant, peaceful, clean and elegant style. Instead, he was lonely and desolate, revealing a strong and simple atmosphere in the desolate realm, reflecting his lonely and angry mood and determined character. His ink is different from Dong Qichang's, Dong Qichang's light ink can moisten Ming Jie, and Badashanren's dry grinding can moisten Ming Jie. Therefore, the paintings are all "unrestrained". Badashan people are different from others, and they are all "moist". Badashan people are different from others. A painter's artistic expression can be different from that of his predecessors, but it also lags behind others. His flower-and-bird paintings are particularly outstanding and have the most personality. Most of his paintings are lyrical, expressing meaning by symbolic means, personalizing the image and pinning feelings. In the confrontation between innovation and conservatism in the early Qing Dynasty, Badashan people played a prominent role in the "painting four monks" of the reformists.
In calligraphy, he is good at using light ink and bare pen, and he is still smooth, reserved and mellow. He devoted himself to studying Shi Guwen, and deliberately wrote various legal posts since the Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties, especially Wang Xizhi's. How quiet and quaint his poems are.
[Edit this paragraph ][2] Achievement impact
Photo of heron stone
There is a poem on the Eighth National Congress, which says, "No more ink and more tears, the mountains and rivers are still old mountains and old waters. In troubled times, coconut trees stay fragrant and Lin Wen is good. " In the first sentence, "more ink and less tears", Confucius told the truth and most succinctly stated the artistic characteristics of his paintings and his thoughts and feelings. Only by following this clue can we truly understand and appreciate this painter's great works of art.
There is pain in strangeness and obscurity.
Because of his special life experience and background of the times, his paintings can't be shown directly like other painters, but through his obscure poems and strange deformation paintings. For example, his paintings of fish and birds are only a few strokes, either stretching or tightening, which is specious. Especially those eyes, sometimes oval, are not the eyes of fish and birds we see in our lives. In life, the eyes of fish and birds are round and don't move in the middle of the eyeball. Eight fish and eight birds can turn their eyes and sometimes roll their eyes and stare at people. The rocks he painted are not like those painted by ordinary painters. They are dirty and round, big and small, and top-heavy. He can put them anywhere he wants, whether they are stable or not. The tree he painted is old and dry, with only a few branches and leaves. Tens of thousands of trees in the forest can't pick out such a tree. The scenery, mountains and bare trees he painted are staggering and desolate. If there is such a place, I don't think anyone will settle here.
Besides, his poems, signatures and seals are all very strange. For example, he called himself "Badashanren", many people have explained it, and scholars still have different opinions. He has a seal engraved with a seal. Some people say that it is composed of the words "Badashanren", while others are cautious and call it "Clog Seal" because it is shaped like a clog. As for the poems he painted, many sentences are even more puzzling.
However, the Eighth National Congress clearly told us: "When the world is in turmoil, coconut trees will be left for Lin Wen to ponder." He also said, "People can understand pictures when they want to see them." He really wants people to understand the meaning of his paintings. Therefore, many scholars have found many real news from his paintings and words after careful study. For example, he has a calligraphy style, which has long been called turtle-shaped calligraphy style, because it is particularly shaped like a turtle. Later, I learned that it was originally composed of the words "March 19", which happened to be the day when the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen, committed suicide, marking the demise of the Ming Dynasty. Then this painting also means to commemorate the national mourning.
Lotus fish music map
In the twenty-first year of Kangxi, he painted an ancient beauty, in which the trunk is hollow, the roots are bare, and a few bare coconut branches are dotted with flowers, like weather-beaten lightning survivors. There are three poems engraved on it. The first one reads: "Divide plum blossom and Wu Daochang, and have a blind date. In the north and south of Shan Zhinan, the old fish sweeps the dust. " "Plum Blossom Taoist" refers to Zhenwu, a painter in Yuan Dynasty, who calls himself "Plum Blossom Taoist". The words in the box were obviously deliberately dug out by collectors at that time or later to avoid the disaster of the literary inquisition. It is not difficult to guess that the word is either "Hu" or "Lu". Manchu in the Qing Dynasty was the founder of the Central Plains, and these two words were the most taboo. In order to sweep away the "Chen Hu" in "South of Nanshan, North of Beishan", Badashan people expressed their anti-Qing restoration thoughts very clearly. The second poem wrote: "It is not a day to get the money back. No land becomes thin and fat. In plum blossom painting, the thinking is simple. How can a monk choose Wei? " There are two allusions in this poem. First of all, Zheng Sixiao, a painter who died in the early Yuan Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the martial arts after the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Asked why, he replied, "Don't you know that the land was robbed?" Second, the adherents of Yin, Boyi and Shu Qi, were ashamed not to eat after Zhou destroyed Yin, and lived in seclusion in shouyangshan, picking Wei and eating until they starved to death. It turns out that Gu Mei's eight paintings are all exposed, and they don't draw sloping soil. They imitate Zheng Sixiao's intention of painting orchids, suggesting that the land was plundered by the Qing Dynasty. As a descendant of the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, he became a monk and, like Boyi and Shu Qi Cai Weishou Yangshan, refused to submit to the new dynasty. The country was ruined and there was no hope of rejuvenating the country, which forced him to "tear a thousand points."
Eight Poems on Paintings is the key to unlock his painting meaning, but they are obscure and puzzling, and many scholars have made great efforts to explain them. For example, in Jiazi Flower and Bird Book (now in Princeton University Museum) written in the 23rd year of Kangxi, the seventh page depicts a myna standing on a dead branch, and the poem reads: "The kingfisher calls my brother, and my brother has changed. Starling can speak three languages, and few partridges fly south. " After textual research and classic interpretation, Professor Tsung i Jao of the Chinese University of Hong Kong summed up the meaning of this poem: "This poem and this painting are a mockery of the death of' Guo' (pointing out), and it is rare for a loyal minister to cherish the south as a partridge." In other words, the works of the Eighth National Congress sometimes refer to some specific things besides the general emotional expression of national destruction and death. Gua Yue Tu is also a meaningful work. After the poem was inscribed, he recorded "I have painted it on the night of August 15th". Facing the full moon in the sky and eating moon cakes with every family in the world, his heart was touched, so what is his "income"? The poem on the painting reads: "Look at the side of the cake, when the full moon is on the watermelon. Each refers to moon cakes, and the year is ripe. " Some people say that the custom of eating moon cakes comes from the folk story that the anti-Qing rebels sent the signal of uprising, saying that the Eighth National Congress is looking forward to this day. However, when will it be the year of the donkey? "The year of the donkey is the month of the horse" is a common saying, which means there is no fixed time in the distance. If this is the case, then the hearts of the Eighth National Congress will be more than just the pain of national destruction.
The representative of the peak of ink freehand brushwork
Bottle chrysanthemum diagram
Ba Da is good at freehand brushwork in ink and wash, which is a painting method rising since Song and Yuan Dynasties. There were many masters of freehand brushwork in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and eight of them were epoch-making figures.
In ink freehand brushwork, there is a difference between being good at landscapes and flowers and birds, and the eight majors are good at both. His landscape painters studied under Dong Qichang and studied under Dong Yuan, Guo, Mi Fei, Huang and Ni Zan. For example, the Book of Books (collected by Shanghai Museum) written in the forty-first year of Kangxi drew six sketches of landscapes, which shows that it was deeply influenced by Dong Qichang, and its long pen was rounded with traces of Dong, Ju and Huang, and the ink method referred to Mao Yunshan, while some tree and stone combinations were obviously taken from Ni Zan. However, when we appreciate these works, we strongly feel the personality of Badashan people. The law of the ancients mentioned above is what he painted to serve himself. Those mountains, stones, trees, grass, pavilions, houses and so on. It seems to be casually connected, but the dry and wet shades, the density of the actual situation, the distance, the pen and ink are not out of the statutes, and the artistic conception is all in the statutes. This lawless state is a high combination of emotion and skill, which makes artistic creation enter a free kingdom.
Compared with landscape painting, the eight flower-and-bird paintings can better reflect his style and personality. Biography Sketch written in the 16th year of Shunzhi (collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei) and Ink Picture Scroll written in the 5th year of Kangxi (collected by the National Palace Museum in Beijing) are eight early works, from which we can see that his ink-and-wash freehand flower-and-bird paintings are deeply influenced by Shen Zhou, Chen Chun, Xu Wei and others, and their brushwork is tough, and the theme and layout have not deviated from the previous model.
The most prominent feature of the eight flower-and-bird paintings is "less", which is "not expensive" in his words. Less, first, fewer objects are depicted; Second, use less pens when shaping objects. For example, the Book of Flowers, Birds and Insects, written in the thirty-first year of Kangxi, only drew a petal, but only seven or eight strokes made a painting. In the Eighth National University, every time you don't draw a fish, a bird, a chicken, a tree, a flower, a fruit or even a pen, only one seal can form a complete picture, which can be said to be indispensable. As the predecessors said, "cherish ink as gold" and "win more with less", only the Eighth National Congress really achieved this, which can be described as unprecedented and unprecedented.
Map of Lin Qiu Pavilion
Maybe few people can do it, but few are not thin, few are not poor, few are not monotonous, few are tasteful and few are interesting. It is difficult for some people to give readers unlimited ideological space by giving less, but the Eighth National Congress has the above requirements. There are many articles here. The first is his skill in using pen and ink. His pen has changed from square hard to round hard, and the combination of saturated ink and pen lifting gives people a rich feeling when he writes. He was the first painter to make full use of the characteristics of raw rice paper to strengthen artistic expression. Raw rice paper has strong water absorption and is easy to spread ink. This was originally a shortcoming, but the Eighth National Congress turned it into an advantage, which not only opened up a broad prospect for freehand brushwork in ink painting, but also created a new concept of freehand brushwork in ink painting, and its achievements were immortal.
Secondly, the shaping of image. The eight flower-and-bird shapes are not simple deformation, but the close combination of shape and interest, cleverness and meaning, so you won't feel thin and lonely when you appreciate them. Third, his layout pays special attention to the position of a few objects in two-dimensional space. The trick is to make full use of the blank, which is called "black hours and white hours". At the same time, the balance, symmetry, density and authenticity of the title, inscription and seal are fully mobilized. Unlike ordinary painters, he doesn't draw a good picture first, and then inscribe and print it in the right place. Instead, he has an overall planning idea, so that every point plays a decisive role in the layout, no more, no less, no extravagance and no economy. For example, in the 33rd year of Kangxi's Flowers and Birds Landscape Volume (collected by Shanghai Museum), the first picture only depicts a chick. The chicken is placed at the lower right of the picture, and the center of gravity in this position divides the picture into four large spaces, each of which is different in size and balanced. Because the chicken's head is facing left, the poem is in the second largest space on the right, which makes the empty background suddenly active and visually plays a role in breaking through the balance and enriching the content. The depiction of the chicken is vivid and vivid, dynamic like a toddler, stumbling and cute. Staring at the big eyes and being alert to the front, especially adding three curls behind the eyes, like radio waves, as if there was a voice coming from the front, which frightened the chicken. We can understand the surprise and vigilance of this chick to the world when it just came out of the eggshell. It can also be understood as losing the group, not finding the mother, feeling lonely and afraid. How to understand it, let people fly the wings of imagination, so sometimes they draw less, but they have more thinking capacity.
Less is not an end but a means, otherwise less is better, and art will go to another evil road. Less is relative. For example, The Bath of Willow Birds (collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing) written by Kangxi in the 42nd year is "more" than the above works, but much less than the works of ordinary painters dealing with similar subjects. For example, his treatment of willow branches, about twelve strokes, occupies the space in the upper part of the whole picture, which not only shows the quality of willow branches, but also shows the direction of branches facing the wind. In the cold spring breeze, myna is washing feathers and preparing to fly. This little life scene shows unlimited business opportunities. The Flower Map on the River (Tianjin Art Collection) written by Kangxi in the 16th year is a long masterpiece among the eight major works, and it is also the one with the most pen and ink and the most complicated layout, but it still embodies the principle of less. For example, a bunch of open-book lotus flowers can't have more than 30 strokes, so the number of strokes is reduced and the meaning is complicated. It's fascinating when you open it.
The Eighth National Congress made the past serve the present, and there were successors. The old man Baishi once said in a poem: "The Ivy (Xu Wei) and the Snowman (Badashanren) are far from being born, and the old man (Wu Changshuo) was not talented then. I used to be a running dog of Jiuquan, and three families got off the wheel. " Its dumping is like this. In today's cultural exchange between East and West, more and more people appreciate and understand his art.
[Edit this paragraph] Surviving works
Zhu Da's paintings are highly respected in the East, especially in Japan, and have aroused great repercussions in the world painting circles, such as peacock and bamboo stones, solitary birds, sleeping ducks, cat and stone mixed flowers, as well as birds in the lotus pond play, flowers in the dual play, fish and ducks, lotus music, mixed flowers, bird bath in the willow, lotus and geese, fish swimming in big stones, double eagles, ancient beauty, Mosong and so on. In terms of calligraphy, there are Preface to Lanting, Four Screens of Linjiang, famous calligraphy posts, cursive poems and other scrolls, all of which are treasured by museums and courtyards at home and abroad. There are few novels, poems and literary works in Badashanren's paintings and calligraphy, which are no longer visible.
In recent years, some works of Badashanren were auctioned in the art investment market;
Geshan Miscellany was auctioned by Xiling Publishing House in 2008, with a transaction price of 23.52 million yuan.
In 2008, Christie's auctioned "Beautiful Scenery Beautiful Flowers and Birds" with a transaction price of 34.26 million yuan.
"Lu Shi Tu" was auctioned in Bandung, Beijing in 2008, with a transaction price of 33 million.
In 2008, Bottle Chrysanthemum was auctioned by China Guardian, and the transaction price was 3,654,380+0,360 yuan (excluding commission).
Imitation of Ni Yunlin Landscape In 2009, Kuang Shichun filmed a special exhibition of ancient paintings and calligraphy, which was finally sold at a transaction price of 84 million yuan (including commission), setting a new world record for the auction price of paintings and calligraphy in China. This painting imitating Ni Yunlin landscape has also become the most expensive Chinese painting in history.
[Edit this paragraph] Biography of Badashan people (part)
Original: Badashan people, former Ming imperial clan, live in Nanchang. His weak crown was changed, and he left home to serve in Johor Bahru, shaved his hair and became a monk. A few years later, he was called a master.
I have lived in the mountains for twenty years, and there are often more than one hundred scholars. Linchuan made Hu Jun know his name and extended his official residence. After more than a year, he was suddenly dissatisfied, so he went crazy, suddenly laughed and suddenly cried. One night, he split his pagoda suit, burned it and walked back to the city alone. He often wears a cloth hat and drags a robe.
Mountain artificial calligraphy, learning Daling, Lu Gong, can be a family; Wild grass is strange. I also like painting ink plantains, strange rocks, flowers, bamboo, deer and geese, and pavilions, but there are no painters in the town. People get it, it is important to fight for it. I like to drink less than two liters. Poor people or city dwellers invite mountain people to drink it. If you drink, you will get drunk. When you are drunk, you will never stop dripping ink and will not cherish it. After several trips to the monk's house outside the city, the young monks fought over this painting. The villagers will not refuse to arrest him, and the scholars will not hesitate to give him gifts. However, you can't kill gold with one stone. Or he came with silk and silk, and he said, "I use it as socks." So, you ask the mountain people for calligraphy and painting, but you buy it from the poor, the mountain monks and the indigenous girls.
One day, the word "dumb" suddenly appeared on the door of the book. Naturally, I haven't said a word to anyone, but I am good at laughing and like drinking. Or squeeze your hands when you drink, and you are dumb with laughter. I also like to play the game of hiding my thumb array, and I will laugh when I win the gambling. When I lost several games, I hit the winner on the back. The more I laugh, the dumber Shenqiao becomes. When I get drunk, I often cry.
Zhike Nanchang, a native of Yamushan, met in the temple during the Northern Julian period. They won't go to Italy when there is a storm. After a while, Lian Gong said, "The mountain people have invaded." Surprise them, meet them in the rain, shake hands and laugh. It's fun. In the temple, the villagers couldn't help cutting candles to talk.
Zan: The world knows a lot about mountain people, but it doesn't know them. Mountain people have stagnation in their chests, so there are other reasons that they can't solve. For example, a boulder suffocated for a spring, just like a wet filler to put out a fire. There is nothing to do, but they are suddenly crazy, embarrassed, vaguely cynical, or crazy, and they are said to be superior and shallow enough to know mountain people! Alas!
Badashan people, the imperial clan of the former dynasty, have the qualification of "all students" and have lived in Nanchang for generations. When they were young, they suffered misfortune, ran away from home, fled to the mountains of Fengxin County, shaved their hair and became monks. A few years later, they were called monks with Buddha dust in their hands.
An Badashan man has lived in the mountains for 20 years, and there are more than 100 people studying with him. Linchuan county magistrate Hu heard of his reputation and invited him to the official residence. After more than a year, he was in a daze and was not satisfied. He went crazy and suddenly laughed and cried all day. One night, he tore up his monk's clothes, burned them and ran back to Huicheng (Nanchang). He rolled up his sleeves and walked briskly like a dancer. Everyone in the city followed him and laughed at him. Nobody recognized him. His nephew recognized him and let him live in his own house. It took him a long time to recover.
Mountain people are good at calligraphy and learn big letters, and Lu Gong (Wang Xianzhi and Yan Zhenqing) can form their own unique style; His "Wild Grass" is very strange and imposing. He also likes to draw ink paintings of plantains, strange stones, flowers and trees, Yan Lu and Tingfu. He is free and not bound by the painter's rules. People get his paintings and are eager to collect them. He can't drink two liters, but he likes it. Poor scholars or ordinary people slaughter livestock and sell wine to buy him a drink. Every time I go drinking, I always get drunk. When you are drunk, you will drip ink and not cherish (my work). Badashan people went to the monk's house outside the city many times. The young monk struggled to draw and even pulled his sleeves and skirts, but the mountain people did not refuse. A friend gave him money, but he didn't refuse. However, the dignitaries wanted to exchange a few taels of silver for an ink painting, but they couldn't get it. Someone brought silk, and he accepted it directly and said, "I use it as the material for socks." Therefore, the paintings and calligraphy that the dignitaries asked him for were actually bought from poor scholars or monks, butchers of livestock and wine sellers.
One day, he suddenly wrote a big word "dumb" on his door and never said a word to anyone again. However, he prefers to laugh and drink. Someone invited him to drink, and he shrank his neck and clapped his hands, laughing speechless. He also likes guessing games. When he wins gambling, he laughs speechless. When he loses too much, he punches the winner on the back, which is even more "speechless."
As a guest of Nanchang, I have always admired Badashan people, so I invited Ren Shan, the North Master, to meet me at the Mountain God Temple. On this day, it was windy and raining heavily. I thought Ren Shan wouldn't go out. Soon, Lian Gong sent a short message saying, "It's dawn in Ren Shan." I was surprised and happy, so I called a bamboo sedan chair and braved the rain to meet him.
I think: there are many people in the world who know Badashan Man, but no one really knows him. Ren Shan's mood is low, and there are other reasons why he can't help it. Like a boulder blocking a spring, like a wet wadding stopping a fire, he is helpless, so he is crazy and speechless, hiding in a state of playing with the world, while some people regard him as a madman and a master. Their understanding of Ren Shan is really superficial! Pathetic!