I'll tell you the answer first.

Yong Dong was born in Qiancheng, Shandong Province and grew up in Xiaogan, Hubei Province.

Legend has it that Yong Dong was originally a thousand riders in Shandong, but he moved to Xiaogan as early as the Han Dynasty. This is not only recorded in historical records, but also closely related to the origin of Xiaogan place names. There are also many relics, place names and folk customs left in Xiaogan area. As a work of oral language art, it is in the folk cultural ecology of filial piety in Xiaogan that it matures, which not only highlights the theme of filial piety, but also has a strong interest in folk life, and has spread to the whole country through various artistic creations such as rap and opera, which has had a wide and far-reaching impact.

The story and legend of "Dong Yong and the Seven Fairies" have been deeply loved by the people for thousands of years, and are well known. It is one of the famous folklore widely circulated by the Chinese nation and has certain influence abroad.

The existing data confirmed the authenticity of Yong Dong in history. The stone carvings of Wu Tomb in the Five Dynasties in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province provide us with strong evidence. In the third picture from the right on the second floor of the third stone in Wuling Stone Room, Dong immediately rushed his father to work in the fields: there was a deer cart under the tree with a small pot on it, which was probably used to work underwater. An old man was sitting in the car, holding a pigeon stick in his left hand and holding out his right hand, as if instructing Yong Dong to work. The words "forever father" are engraved on the top of the old man. On his left is Yong Dong, with farm tools in his right hand. Looking back at my father, the words "Dong Yonghe and Qian Qian lead people" were engraved beside him. On the left of Yong Dong, there is a stout beast with big ears like a fan and a long nose like an elephant. On the upper right of Yong Dong, there is a pattern with wings and patterns, which makes it fly like a bird. Yue Jue wrote: "Shun died in Cangwu, just like ploughing; The burial must be recorded, and the bird must be there. " This means "plowing like a field" and includes the word "plowing", which is the footnote of Yong Dong's image of "plowing" and working in the field.

The stone carvings of Wu Tomb, also known as Wu Ci and Wu Shi Shi Shi, are the tombs of the Wu family in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Unearthed in the Qing Dynasty. Wu, a bureaucratic landlord family at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said, "It is only when you are an official for generations and have great power and wealth that it is possible to build a magnificent tomb." Wushi Temple was built in the first year of Jian 'an (A.D. 147) according to its inscription on the stone que. It took decades and was completed in 200 A.D. at the latest. The tomb stone carvings are rich in materials, which are precious materials for studying the politics, economy and culture of the Han Dynasty. The stone carvings in Wushi Temple are mostly based on real historical figures and stories, such as Jing Ke's stabbing, Guan Zhongshe's shooting and the killing of three scholars by two peaches. Its construction time is very close to that of Yong Dong, and it points out the hometown of Yong Dong, which proves that Yong Dong is indeed a real historical figure and reliable evidence. In addition, the contents of Yong Dong stone carvings in Wushi Temple are consistent with some written records, so Yong Dong is credible.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei also wrote a story in Ganoderma lucidum: "Dong Yongqing, his father ran out of money. Leave to raise, the commission is sweet and fat. The debtor fills the door and doesn't know what to do. Heaven is inspired by virtue, and the goddess is the master. " This is the earliest signed literary work adapted from the story of Yong Dong in China. Visible, as early as the Three Kingdoms period, Yong Dong's story has been widely circulated.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Yong Dong was also recorded in Liu Xiang's Filial Piety Map. This book has been lost, and the record of Yong Dong's story can only be found in the quotations of Fayuan Zhu Lin in the Tang Dynasty and Taiping Magnolia in the Song Dynasty. The quotation in Taiping Yu Lan goes like this: "In the former Han Dynasty, Yong Dong took advantage of others, lost his mother less and adopted his father alone. My father died and there was no place to bury him, but I borrowed 10 thousand yuan from someone. Forever, the moneymaker said,' If you have no money, you will be a slave …' Some people think that Liu Xiang used to be a Han Chinese. How did he know that there were later Han Chinese? It is suspected that filial piety is the false trust of future generations. The quotations in Volume 62 of Fayuan Zhu Lin are slightly different from those in the picture of a dutiful son: "Dong Yongzhe, who lives with his father, tries his best to plow the fields, and his father rides a deer cart with him. After his father died, he sold it to the rich for a funeral. ..... "This passage is different from the filial piety picture quoted in" Taiping Magnolia ". It is worth noting that there is no "pre-Han" in Zhu Lin's quotation, so it is hard to say that the Book of Filial Piety was entrusted by later generations by mistake. Volume 22 of "History of the South" records: "Bao Bo, a kind son, was eight years old. He was invited by Wang Yi, the ancestor of Taizai in Jiangxia and Song Dynasties, to go to Neizhai, and what he got was a piano, an inkstone and a picture of his filial son." It can be seen that this book was popular in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. If only Yong Dong's account was added by later generations, it seems that the evidence is insufficient. It is not impossible whether the word "former Han" in the quotation of "Taiping Magnolia" was accidentally added by the editor at that time. Liu Xiang was a native of the late Western Han Dynasty. If the records in the filial piety map are true, then Dong Yongdang is from the Western Han Dynasty. Moreover, even if the Book of Filial Piety is falsely entrusted by later generations, it is of early value.

Gambao, a historian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, collected the story of Yong Dong in Searching for the Gods. According to folklore, he wrote the article "Yong Dong" after processing and sorting out: "Han people, alone, live alone with their father and strive for land. ..... "The first paragraph is exactly the same as a picture of a dutiful son quoted in Fayuan Zhu Lin. Behind it is the story that Yong Dong met a fairy after burying his father, asked for a wife, defected to a rich man, weaved a hundred horses in ten days, helped to pay off his debts forever, and left when he finished. Yong Dong's story, processed by Gan Bao, has been relatively complete and full, and the plot and characters have developed, which is the basis of later literary and artistic creation such as opera.

Some dictionaries and books also record Dong Yongqi in large quantities.

Yong Dong was recorded in the Qing Dynasty's "View of Filial Piety in Ancient and Modern Times", and Dong Yongsheng was born in Qingzhou, Eastern Han Dynasty.

China Dictionary of Names lists Dong Yong as a famous historical figure in China. Download the article "Yong Dong" and say: "Yong Dong took advantage of others at the end of the Han Dynasty and lost his mother less. He stayed in Runan and then moved to Anlu ..." Here, he added the saying of "serving his father and avoiding soldiers".

The book "Qiu Meng" also contains "The Story of Prostitution". The old note reads: "Han, he lost his mother and adoptive father less, and his family was poor. In the busy farming month, my father was pushed by a cart and put in the shade of the field to farm. ..... "There is a real Yong Dong here in history.

The Chinese Dictionary compiled by Taiwan Province Province also holds a positive attitude towards Dong Yongqi. The characters are basically the same as those in China Personal Names Dictionary.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Business Friends Record, which recorded the celebrities of Qin Zhou and Southern Song Dynasty, included Dong Zhong, saying that Dong Zhong was the son of Yong Dong. Ci Hai introduced Shang You Lu as a "compilation of biographies of past dynasties". (The Chinese Dictionary introduces Shang Yang's records, saying that "the figures of the ancients are somewhat similar, so they are easier to look up than those recorded in historical books, and they were used more in the old days".

Yong Dong is also recorded in a large number of "characters" in the local chronicles named "History of Belief of One Party". For example, Dong Yong is listed as a historical celebrity in Shandong Boxing County Records, Le 'an County Records (now Guangrao), Yutai County Records, Xiaogan County Records of Hubei Province and Dongtai County Records of Jiangsu Province. Most of the stories about Yong Dong contained in the book are similar to those in Looking for God Yong Dong. Of course, in the old society, there was a bad habit of drawing historical celebrities around, but in such a vast area, Yong Dong was recorded as a historical figure, which affirmed that Yong Dong did exist in history, and it seems that it cannot be ignored.

The above historical relics, books, dictionaries and local chronicles all prove that Yong Dong is a real figure in history, especially the cultural relics of Wushi Temple are more reliable. But some people hold a negative attitude towards Yong Dong. For example, Ci Hai thinks that Yong Dong is "a literary story character". There have been two main reasons for denying Yong Dong: First, Yong Dong's honest and upright officials have no load. We believe that the official history compiled by feudal society is mainly for feudal rulers, especially for the rulers of the highest class, and it is difficult for lower-level bureaucrats such as county magistrates to climb into the threshold of official history. As mentioned earlier, the Wu family in Jiaxiang County has been an official for generations, and there is no official history. In addition, it is not surprising that civilians in Yong Dong have no official history. How can there be more people without official history in history? If we deny their existence on the grounds that there is no official history, it will inevitably be biased.

Yong Dong's story belongs to myths and legends. It is true that Yong Dong's story has a strong mythical color, but this cannot be a reason to deny Yong Dong. Historically, the working people in our country often deified the historical figures they admired and loved, and made fairy tales by romantic means to spread them, in order to persuade people to accumulate virtue and be good, and also to express their love for these historical figures. And some folklore is often based on historical figures, and after artistic processing, it becomes a complete story. For example, the story of Dayu's flood control, the story of Bao Zheng's going to the underworld, the revelation of Guan Gong's sage and so on. They are full of strong myths, but who can deny that they are real historical figures? Similarly, we can't deny the existence of Yong Dong just because Yong Dong's story is fiction. It is because of this romantic folklore that Dong Yongcai has been handed down.

Since Yong Dong is real in history, where is his hometown? The theory is basically the same. In the stone carvings of Wu Tomb in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the story map points out that "there are thousands of guests". In addition, Xiao Jing Tu, Search Ji Shen, China Personal Names Dictionary and Chinese Dictionary also point out that Yong Dong is a thousand times in the Han Dynasty. Gancheng began in the Warring States Period. "It was named after Qi Jinggong, where Ma Qiancheng often hunted." In the Han Dynasty, it was named as a county. Gancheng County and Gancheng County are located in the east of gaoqing county and adjacent to Boxing County in the east.

There is no record of Yong Dong in the existing Gaoqing County Records. "The Records of Boxing County and People's Records" contains: "Dongyong's Tomb has Dongjiazhuang in the number of tombs visited by Chongde Society (now Chenhu Town), and his hometown is forever." Dongjiazhuang is located in Chenhu Town, Boxing County today, which is located in more than 20 huali in the north of the county seat and more than 30 huali in the west of the ruins of Hanqiancheng county seat. Han Dynasty belongs to Gancheng County, Gancheng County. Dongjiazhuang is the hometown of Yong Dong, and the records of Boxing County are consistent with the dictionaries, books and Wushi Temple mentioned above.

Donggong Temple was originally in Dongjiazhuang. Shandong Tongzhi said that "the East Palace Temple worships Yong Dong in the northeast of the city (now Boxing County)", which means that this temple no longer exists. "Tongzhi" also said: "The Hall of Immortal Filial Piety is in the west gate, which is dedicated to Yong Dong, the filial son of Han Dynasty." When the Xiao Xian Temple was built is unknown. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Weibang said in Xiao Xian Temple: "This city is in the former site of Dong Xian. On that day, I was embarrassed to bury my father, and the goddess helped me knit. The voice of filial piety, write down from now on. I drew an elephant in Houjian Temple ... ". In this article, I refer to Weng Zhaoyun, the magistrate of Boxing County at that time. The original temple was rebuilt by Weng Zhaoyun, a magistrate of a county in Ming Dynasty. In the fourth year of Kangxi, Boxing County ordered Jiang to rebuild, and now he is gone. In the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi, Dongyong's Tomb was in Chongde Society. This is Chenhu Town, the original tombstone. Because of its age, the tombstone no longer exists. In 25 years, the county magistrate Zhang rebuilt the tombstone. This monument still exists.

The above information fully proves that dongjiacun, Chenhu Town, Boxing County, is the hometown of Yong Dong, the dutiful son of Han Dynasty. Although the old local chronicles have the habit of drawing celebrities. However, some county annals still affirm that Yong Dong was originally from Boxing County. For example, Shandong Yutai County Annals says: "Dongyong's Tomb, the old annals, ruled three miles southwest. According to Yong Dong Boxing, a native of Qingzhou, lived in De 'an and buried his father as a servant. He thinks Ji Xian is an occasional thing. Although women are salty, there is no test for burying Yutai. "There must be Dong Shui from Boxing County. Another example is Xiaogan County Records in Hubei: "Dongshui, Qingzhou Gancheng, now Boxing County, Shandong Province. ...... 1983, the "Overview of Xiaogan Region" written by Xiaogan Region wrote in the column of "Famous People" that Yong Dong was a native of Qingzhou in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and now a native of Boxing County, Shandong Province. Because of the Yellow turban insurrectionary, he moved from Shandong to Xiaogan, Hubei Province ... "1984, in the Yong Dong Park built in Xiaogan City, there was a saying in front of the filial piety temple:" Yong Dong, a thousand visitors to Qingzhou, is now Boxing County, Shandong Province. ..... "Yong Dong's story is widely circulated in Xiaogan County, Hubei Province, and has a deep influence. A garden was built in memory of him. However, from "Xiaogan County Records" to "Overview of Xiaogan Area", it is only said that Yong Dong is a Shandong native living in Xiaogan, and it is certain that Yong Dong was originally from Boxing County, Shandong Province.

Of course, there are also local chronicles that Yong Dong is a celebrity in this city. For example, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Yong Dong was regarded as a national saint in Le 'an County Records (now Guangrao County, Shandong Province). In the "Historic Sites" section of the Chronicle, it reads: "Yong Dong Temple is located in Taihe Village, west of the city, close to home. So far, many descendants have been enshrined. "Yong Dong Temple, as ChaZhiZhong said, is in the west of Guangrao County today. The Han Dynasty was the land of Lixian County, which belonged to Qixian County, not Gancheng County. From Guangrao County to Sui Dynasty, overseas Chinese settled in Gancheng County, which was more than 500 years later than Yong Dong's life. It is obviously unfounded to say that Yong Dong's hometown is in Guangrao County today. Another example is Jiangsu Dongtai County Records: "Yong Dong is from Xixi Town. The story of Yong Dong contained in it basically quoted the original text of Sou Ji Shen, but changed "Qiancheng" to "Xixi Town". And said: "Now Xixi Town will always be with his father's tomb. "But the editor of the chronicle wrote in a later comment;" See Liu Xiang's Filial Piety Map, which is always quoted in Taiping Yulan. Its text says: Dong Yonggan is a man, ... It is not spread on the "map" today, nor is it recorded by historians. Qiancheng County is the northern mirror of Qingzhou Prefecture in Shandong Province. Why Xixi people in the county? "The editors of local chronicles put forward different meanings to the Xixi people's statement in Yong Dong, and held a negative attitude. This statement is also difficult to stand on.

In a word, there is no doubt that Yong Dong's hometown is Boxing County. However, the editor of the Chronicle of Boxing County in the 20th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty did not make a field trip, and thought that Dongyong's Tomb's Old Chronicle was in Chongde Society and Longhewa, but questioned Yong Dong's hometown Boxing. On-the-spot investigation found that there was only one Dongyong's Tomb in Boxing County, which belonged to Chongde Society (now Chenhu Town) at that time. People used to call it Longhewa, which is two names of the same place. This fallacy in chronicles was caused by the shallowness and carelessness of chroniclers at that time.

Legends of Yong Dong are spread all over dozens of provinces in China, as well as Yong Dong ruins and historic sites, such as Dongyong's Tomb, Yong Dong Temple and Dongfang Temple. There are countless, especially in the Jianghuai area, which is widely distributed and has far-reaching influence.

Since Yong Dong's hometown is in Shandong, why did the legend of Yong Dong spread and influence so widely in Jianghuai area? There are different opinions about whether Yong Dong will move south. China Dictionary of Names says that Dong Yongzeng moved to the south, and its "Yong Dong" section says: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, he took thousands of guests, but he lost his mother less, evaded soldiers from his father, lived in Runan, and later moved to Anlu ..." The Chinese Dictionary also uses this statement, and the explanation of "Yong Dong" is the same as that of China Dictionary of Names. It only says "avoiding soldiers for my father" here, but it doesn't explain the age of Yong Dong's migration to the south. In the thirty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Xiaogan County Annals recorded "Yong Dong, Qingzhou (now Boxing County, Shandong Province) as a guest. My mother died early, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was in the middle of Taiping, the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the Bohai Sea was in turmoil, my father came and moved forever ... "In the fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Xiaogan County Records was taken as an example. Move this text. The era and historical background of "avoiding mutiny" here are relatively clear, and "mutiny" refers to the Yellow Scarf Uprising. However, the Yellow Scarf Uprising broke out in the seventh year of Guanghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 184), which was more than 30 years later than the stone carving of Wu's tomb in Jiaxiang County. During the Yellow turban insurrectionary, Yong Dong could not have lived in Anlu (now Xiaogan). There is no other record about Dong Yongnan's migration. However, this does not completely rule out the possibility of Dong Yongnan moving.

Yong Dong's story is widely circulated in the Jianghuai Valley, and we can only study it from its spreading process according to the existing data. His story can be roughly divided into three stages. In the Han Dynasty, Confucianism dominated, and the ruling class educated the people with "filial piety". As a dutiful son, Yong Dong became an example of people's moral imitation, and soon spread. Yong Dong's story first spread in Shandong, and then spread widely in the Yellow River basin. The statues in the stone carvings of Wu Tomb in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province, and Ganoderma lucidum in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty are the reflection of the story spreading in Shandong and the Yellow River basin. Before the Three Kingdoms, the story of Yong Dong was not recorded in the Jianghuai Valley.

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with the invasion of northern minorities, the Yellow River basin was frequently fought, divided for a long time, and the society was extremely unstable. A large number of gentry and civilians moved south and settled in Changkang Basin. In this way, Yong Dong's story was brought to the south of China, especially to the Yangtze River valley. Yong Dong's story is widely circulated in China from the Yellow River valley to the Yangtze River valley. Yong Dong in Search of God also appeared in this period. This should be the second stage of Yong Dong's story.

After the establishment of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, in the 30th year of Yuanjia (AD 453), Song Wendi Prince Liu Shao killed Song Wendi and changed the Yuan Dynasty to the early stage, which was called the "culprit" in history. Song Wendi's third son, Wuling Wang Liujun, began to ask for help. Because of killing his father, Liu Jun took "filial piety" as a call to buy people's hearts and gain great power. Liu Jun arrived at Xinting (now south of Nanjing) along the east bank of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne. His title was also Xiao Jian, and after his death, posthumous title was Emperor Xiao. Liu's twenty-eight sons are also ranked according to the degree of filial piety, such as filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety and filial piety. Because Liu Jun advocated filial piety out of political needs. Therefore, as the foundation of all virtues, filial piety has become a common practice in society. In the first year of filial piety, it was also advocated that Anlu set up Xiaochang County (later changed to Xiaogan). As a dutiful son, Yong Dong naturally became one of the most respected historical figures in society, and Yong Dong's story was further spread. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Dongyong's Tomb, Yong Dong Temple, Yong Dong Temple and other relics and historic sites related to Yong Dong have appeared. Because the rulers of the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty advocated the use of administrative means, the story of Yong Dong spread widely and had a deep influence. There were more relics and monuments in Yong Dong than in the Yellow River valley.

Gaohan Jundai Alcohol and Tobacco Xulian Village

1986 1 1 month 2 1 day

My opinion on the textual research of filial son Yong Dong and his hometown in Han Dynasty

1On April 5th and 6th, 987, the demonstration meeting of Yong Dong, the filial son of Han Dynasty, and his hometown was held in Boxing County, Shandong Province. Ten professors and experts attended the meeting, including An, Zhu Shaohou and. Ding, Vice Chairman of Shandong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, Li Juxin, Secretary of Huimin District Committee, Wang, Commissioner of Administrative Office, and responsible comrades of relevant regional departments; Party and government leaders of Boxing County and responsible comrades of relevant departments also attended the meeting.

The demonstration committee is composed of 10 experts and scholars, with Professor An as the chairman and Professor Zhu Shaohou and Professor Zhu Shaohou as the deputy directors.

At the meeting, Comrade Gao of Boxing County Government read out Textual Research on Filial Son and His Hometown in Han Dynasty and his papers. After careful discussion and repeated argumentation, it is agreed that the article has clear views, reliable arguments, rich materials and strong persuasiveness.

The existence of the son of the Han Dynasty is fully confirmed by the stone portraits of Wu Tomb, Wei Lingzhi, Gan Bao in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the search for gods. Stone Carvings from Wu Tomb, Geography of Hanshu, Taiping Ji, Continued Records of Archaeology in Shandong, Annals of Qingzhou Prefecture, and Records of Boxing County are fully proved to be from Boxing, Shandong.

Respecting the elderly is a fine tradition of our Chinese nation. Studying Yong Dong, a dutiful son in Han Dynasty, is of great practical significance for carrying forward this tradition and building socialist spiritual civilization.

Whether Yong Dong moved south and the process of Yong Dong's evolution from a historical figure to a myth and legend need further study.

Yong Dong, the dutiful son of Han Dynasty, and the hometown demonstration meeting

1April 6, 987

List of members of the model Committee

Chairman:

An, Professor of History Department of Shandong Normal University, Director of the Institute of Ancient Books.

Vice chairman:

Zhu Shaohou Professor of History Department of Henan University, President of Henan University Press

Gao Min Professor and Director of Zhengzhou University Institute of History

Member: Lu Chuanzhen, Director of Shandong Provincial Museum

Feng Associate Research Fellow, Institute of History, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences

Guo Moran is an associate researcher in the editorial department of Dongyue Tribune.

Li Yongxian Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Literature, Shandong Academy of Social Sciences

Li Hongsheng Associate Professor, Department of History, Shandong Normal University

Xu Jingyuan, Associate Professor of Binzhou Teachers College

Sun Xiangzhong, Vice President of Party School of Huimin District Committee

Second, Huangmei Opera.

Huangmei Opera originated in Huangmei County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, so it is called Huangmei Opera. The development of Huangmei Opera in Anqing, Anhui Province is an interesting phenomenon of "flowers inside the wall, fragrance outside the wall" in culture and art.

Huangmei Opera, formerly known as Huangmei Tune, also known as Tea Picking Tune, originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province, and was finally born in Anqing as a complete independent drama, grew up in Anqing and flourished in Anqing. Huangmei Opera, formerly known as Huangmei Tune, Huaiqiang Tune or Fudiao, is mainly distributed in Anqing City, Anhui Province and its surrounding areas.

The earliest source of Huangmei Opera may come from Dabie Mountain, the border of Hubei and Anhui (this view is quite common at present). According to legend, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the tune of tea-picking in Dabie Mountain in Huangmei County, Hubei Province was introduced to Huaining County, Anhui Province and other surrounding areas, and it was combined with local folk art, sung and sung in Anqing dialect, and gradually developed into a new kind of drama, which was called Huaiqiang or Huaidiao at that time. This was the early Huangmei Opera. Later, Huangmei Opera borrowed and absorbed the music, performances and repertoires of Qingyang and Huizhou tunes, and began to perform "this drama". After more than one hundred years' development (from the beginning of the 9th century to the liberation), Huangmei Opera has become the main local opera in Anhui, and it is also a well-known major drama in China.

Huangmei Opera performance is simple and meticulous, real and vivid, full of life breath, famous for advocating emotional experience, and has a fresh, natural, beautiful and smooth artistic style. There are many well-known outstanding plays in Huangmei Opera, among which the most representative ones are Fairy Match, Woman Xu, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Couple Watching Lights, Beating Pig Grass and Spinning Cotton Yarn. Huangmei Opera is one of the five major operas in China, with far-reaching influence. At present, the popular area of Huangmei opera is shrinking day by day, and the survival of Huangmei opera troupes at all levels, especially county-level troupes, is becoming increasingly difficult, which requires the concern and support of the government and the whole society.