2. Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianist in the Southern Song Dynasty, called the Four Books and Five Classics as ancient Confucian classics, which became a must-read for China scholars. "Four Books" refers to: University, Doctrine of the Mean, Analects of Confucius and Mencius; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.
3. The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. Editor of Confucius. * * * received 305 poems, which were called "three hundred poems" in ancient times. It consists of three parts: wind, elegance and praise. It is the beginning of China's realistic literature. China's first romantic poetry collection "Songs of the South" is also the second poetry collection in ancient China. It was collected by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. There are mainly the works of the great patriotic poet and the first romantic poet in China-Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others. Qu Yuan was a native of Chu during the Warring States Period. His representative works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs and Nine Chapters. Zongzi is eaten on Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. The Book of Songs and Songs of the South are also called coquettish. Coquettish is the source of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry.
4. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.
5. Poets' nicknames in Tang Dynasty: Li Bai, Saint Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Wei, He, Meng Jiao, Jia Dao and Liu Yuxi. Tang poetry has different styles.
6. Representative of Tang Poetry School: Li Bai is a representative of romantic poets. Du Fu is a representative of realistic poets. Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the representatives of landscape pastoral poets. Wang Changling, Gao Shi and Cen Can are representatives of frontier poets, while Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen are representatives of the New Yuefu Movement (that is, the pursuit of easy-to-understand language).
7. "Li San" in the Tang Dynasty refers to Li Bai (romantic and elegant), Li He (gorgeous and magnificent) and Li Shangyin (thoughtful and meticulous).
8. The ancient celebrities in China were "the most holy": Confucius (sage), Mencius (Asian sage), Wang Xizhi (Jin), Wu Daozi (Tang), Du Fu (Tang), Su Shi (Song), Wen Sheng Ouyang Xiu (Song), Lu Yu (Tang), medical sage Li Shizhen and medical sage Zhang Zhongjing.
9. The Romance of the West Chamber is the masterpiece of Wang Shifu, the most famous zaju writer in the Yuan Dynasty, and it is also the masterpiece of the Yuan Dynasty. The main characters are Cui Yingying, Zhang Sheng and the matchmaker. Guan Hanqing's Handed Down Works is the first work handed down in Yuan Dynasty, and it is an immortal work in Yuan Dynasty's tragedy.
Peony Pavilion is the representative work of Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in Ming Dynasty. It tells the love story of Du Liniang and Liu Mengmei, and it is a romantic masterpiece.
Peach Blossom Fan, written by Kong, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty, tells a love story with Li, and is a masterpiece of legendary dramas in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The orphan of Zhao is a work of Yuan Dynasty.
10. The "Three Caos" in the Three Kingdoms Period refer to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Representative writers who embody the characteristics of "Jian 'an Style".
"Three Sus" in Northern Song Dynasty refers to Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe.
The third category: Han Dynasty historians and politicians Ban Gu, Ban Chao and Ban Zhao. Among them, Ban Zhao is the first female historian in China.
1 1. The "two kings" in the history of calligraphy refer to Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi.
12. Four Great Classical Novels, China: Water Margin Yuan, Romance of the Three Kingdoms Guan Zhong, Journey to the West Cheng En, Snow Qin in a Dream of Red Mansions.
13. Chinese masterpieces: Historical Records by Sima Qian, Hanshu by Ban Gu, Lun Heng by Wang Chong, Explaining Words by Xu Shen, Zi Tong Zhi Jian by Sima Guang, Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by Pu Songling and Xu Xia by Xu Hongzu.
14. World famous fairy tale writer: Danish writer Andersen, whose works include The Daughter of the Sea and The Ugly Duckling; Brothers Grimm, German writers, whose works include Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood and Snow White.
15. There are many firsts in the history of China literature: the first poetess was Moon Hee, the first poetess was Li Qingzhao, the first dictionary was Er Ya, the first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian, the first collection of poems was The Book of Songs, and the first collection was Selected Works of Zhaoming. China's first chronological history book "Spring and Autumn Annals", China's first dynastic history "Hanshu", the first national history "Guoyu", the first picture album "National Policy, Warring States Policy" which records counselors' words and deeds, and the first historical prose "Yanzi Chunqiu" which records personal words and deeds. The Analects of Confucius is China's first bibliography and one of the Confucian classics. Edited by Confucius disciples, it recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. China's first biographical general history, Historical Records, was praised by historians as a masterpiece of "recording and trusting history". Lu Xun praised Records of the Historian as "the swan song of historians", and it was a blank poem Li Sao, which highly summarized the great achievements in the fields of history and literature. The first dynastic history "Hanshu"; Sun Tzu's Art of War, China's first military work; The first long poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" (357 sentences, 1785 words). China's first dictionary, Shuo Wen Jie Zi; The Tibetan narrative poem Biography of King Gesar is the longest epic in China. Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman, China's first vernacular novel, is represented by The True Story of Ah Q, a collection of novels, Scream, Hesitation, and a collection of essays, such as Morning Flowers and Evening Picking Up. Guo Moruo's Goddess: China's First New Poetry Collection. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work written in notebook form, is Meng Qian Bi Tan by Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, the first diary travel notes, Xu Xiake Travel Notes by Xu Hongzu in the Ming Dynasty, and the first romantic myth novel The Journey to the West. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties; the first monograph on poetic theory and criticism: Zhong Rong's Shi Pin, born in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
16. Four folklores: Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv Crying for the Great Wall, Butterfly Lovers and Legend of the White Snake.
17. Four Treasures of the Study: Hu Bi, Hui Mo, Xuan Paper, Duanyan.
18. Four gentlemen of Chinese painting: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.
19. Three friends in cold years: pine, bamboo and plum
20. Three Gorges of the Yangtze River: Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.
2 1. The Great Wall has three famous passes: Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan.
22. Three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River: Yueyang Tower in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang. It is also known as the four famous buildings in China with the mirage in Shanxi.
23. Four literary genres: poetry, novel, prose and drama.
24. Five elements: gold, wood, water, earth and fire.
25. Four ancient arts: Qin, chess, books and paintings.
26. Four ancient inventions: compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder.
27. Four ancient civilizations in the world: ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon, China and India.
28. Peking Opera is the quintessence of China. The four famous Peking Opera artists are Mei (), Cheng (), Xun () and Xiao Yun.
29. Li Bai, whose words are too white, is known as "a poet" and "an eternal poet". Praise Li Bai's "unparalleled wine in Tang poetry, the first in Qinglian Wen Yuan" and "100 poems of Li Bai's fighting for wine". Du Fu, with beautiful words, is known as "Poet Saint" (History of Poetry), also known as "Du Gongbu" (Du Fu Ji). Han Yu's poem "Du Li's articles are there, but the flames are endless", and "Du Li" refers to the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu. Du Li is a Gemini in the history of China's poetry. Du Fu's poem "The pen falls in shock and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry." And "white poetry is invincible, and the imagination is not group. Fresh and open, Junyibao joined the army. " It is a highly respected poetic art of Li Bai. Du Fu dreamed of Li Bai, a thousand years' fame and ten thousand years' fame. What's so good about it? It will be gone when you die. Du Fu's poem "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." (Book fragrance) and "The Three Kingdoms, divided, have been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Fortress is built on his fame." ("Eight Arrays") was written by Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of Shu.
30. Qing Pu Songling's self-encouragement couplet "Where there is a will, there is a way. If you cross the rubicon, 120 Qin Guan will eventually return to Chu; Hard-working people, the sky pays off, go forward bravely, and 3,000 Yue families can swallow Wu. " There are two allusions: Xiang Yu burned his bridges and Gou Jian did his best. Pu Songling's masterpiece Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
3 1. Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty, originally named Sun Zhu, was co-edited with his wife Xu, and 3 10 poems were selected by * *. There is a folk saying that "you can recite 300 poems if you can't write Tang poems".
32. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended. The representative figures are Confucius and Mencius of Confucianism, Laozi and Zhuangzi of Taoism and Han Feizi of Legalism.
33. March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of China, was written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er.
34. The word "bosom friend" comes from the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi during the Warring States Period.
35. Confucius said, "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand up at thirty, not be confused at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen to my ears at sixty, and do what I want at seventy, without exceeding the rules." Standing (30), not being confused (40), knowing destiny (50), spending (60), being ancient and rare (70), being octogenarian (80-90), being prosperous (100).
36. "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" refers to Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty. The statement of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" originated from a book "Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" edited by Mao Kun in Ming Dynasty.
37. Su Shi, word Zhan,no. Dongpo lay man. He is a rare all-rounder, and his poems, words, essays, books and paintings are all superb. Create a school of bold and unconstrained ci. Su Shi said: "As for poetry, prose is for Korea, calligraphy is for Yan, and painting is for Wu Daozhi, and ancient and modern skills are exhausted." ("Zi Mei's poems, closed-door articles and Lu Gong's books are all great achievements." Su Shi spoke highly of Du Fu's poems, Han Yu's writings, Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and Wu Daozi's paintings.
38. Examples of the word "green" in famous ancient poems: Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan; The word "Noisy" in Song Qi's Red Apricot Branches in Spring; The word "knock" in Jia Dao's "Birds by the Pool Stay in the Tree, Monks Knock at the Door under the Moon" is to scrutinize the source of allusions.
39. "Two" in the history of China literature: two Sima Qian and Sima Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty; Two-edged Yuefu: Mulan Ci, Peacock Flying Southeast and Fu Qin Yin are three unique Yuefu; History: Historical Records, History as a Mirror; The second beat: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu); Du Li: Li Bai, Du Fu; Xiao: Li Shangyin Du Mu.
40. "Three Mountains and Five Mountains" refers to the three immortals in the East China Sea "Yingzhou, Penglai and Abbot" and the five mountains "Dongyue Taishan, Nanyue Hengshan, Xiyue Huashan, Beiyue Hengshan and Zhongyue Songshan."
4 1. "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" refers to: Huang San: Fuxi, Suirenshi and Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.
42. Four classic works: The University, The Doctrine of the Mean, Mencius and The Analects of Confucius.
43. Four great writers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.
44. The four masters of Yuan Qu: Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu.
45. Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, Wen Zhiming and zhou wenbin were four great talents in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming Dynasty.
46. Four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
47. Four masters of regular script: Tang Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Yuan Zhao Mengfu.
48. There are four forms of calligraphy: original, cursive, official and seal script.
49. Seven Heroes in the Warring States Period: Zhao, Wei, Han, Qi, Qin, Chu and Yan.
50. Seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, evil and desire.
5 1. Seven ancient capitals: Beijing, Xi, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Anyang.
52. The Eight Immortals of Myth: Tie Guai Li, Han Zhongli, Zhang, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe, Han Xiangzi and Cao Guojiu.
53. Eight of the four seasons are beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice.
54. China's top ten classical tragedies: the injustice of Zhao, the orphan of Zhao, the loyal seven, the green bell spectrum, the peach blossom fan, the autumn palace in Han Dynasty, the pipa, the memory, the Palace of Eternal Life and the Leifeng Pagoda.
55. China's top ten classic comedies: Saving the Wind and Dust, The Jade Hairpin, The West Chamber, Seeing the Money Slave, On the Wall, The Negative Scenery of jy in Li Kui, The Story of Youting, The Wolf in Zhongshan and The Wrong Kite.
56. Ten famous dramas in China: White-haired Girl, Gui Wang and Li Xiangxiang, The Wedding of Little Black Boys, Liu Hulan, Red Guards of Honghu Lake, Song of the Grassland, Xia Hong, Sanjie Liu, Red Coral and Jiang Jie.
57. Thirteen Classics: The Book of Changes, Shangshu, The Book of Songs, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Zuo Zhuan, The Book of Rites, The Biography of the Ram, Gu Liangzhuan, The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and Er Ya.
58. Scientific research-Jinshi, after having obtained the provincial examination-Juren, national examination-Gong Sheng, palace examination-Jinshi.
59. Four famous Buddhist mountains: Wutai Mountain, Emei Mountain, Putuo Mountain and Jiuhua Mountain.
60. There are four academies in history: Bailudong in Lushan, Yuelu in Changsha, Shigu in Hengyang and Yingtianfu in Shangqiu.
6 1. Four Diagnoses of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Looking, Smelling, Asking and Pulse. 、
62. Four lines of drama: life, Dan, purity and ugliness.
63. Four famous Taoist mountains: Wudang Mountain in Hubei, Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi, Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan and Yun Qi in Anhui.
64. Four Grottoes: Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes, Maijishan Grottoes and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
65. Four wonders of Huangshan Mountain: strange pine, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs.
66. Four wonders of Mount Tai: the rising sun, the reflection of sunset glow, the golden belt of the Yellow River and the jade plate of the sea of clouds.
67. Four famous buildings in China; Yueyang Tower, Yellow Crane Tower, Wangtengting, Taibai Tower.
68. Four condemnation novels: The Officialdom Appears (Li), The Strange Present Situation Witnessed in Two Years (Wu), Travel Notes of Lao Can (Liu E) and Flowers of Evil ().
69. Four beauties in ancient times: Shen Yu, Wang Zhaojun, The Story Of Diu Sim, who closed the moon, and Shame on Flowers.
70. Four histories: Historical Records, Hanshu, Military History and History of the Three Kingdoms.
7 1. Old books and three kinds of teaching materials used in schools are referred to as "3000" for short: three-character classics, hundred family names and thousand-character texts.
72. Zheng Banqiao (Zheng Xie) has three unique fingers: painting, poetry and calligraphy.
73. There are four great writers: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun and Su Shi.
74. Three thanks in Southern Dynasties: Xie Lingyun, Xie Huilian and Xie Tiao.
75. Three thin poets refer to Li Qingzhao. The three famous sentences are: "Mo Tao is not charming, the curtain rolls west, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." "Know, know? It should be fat and thin. " "The newcomers have lost weight, not a thousand diseases, not a sad autumn."
76. Song Zhongxing's four great poets: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Dacheng and You Mao.
77. Four love dramas of Yuan Zaju: The Story of Chai Jing, The Story of the White Rabbit, The Moon Pavilion and Killing Dogs.
78. Lu Xun's three collections of short stories: Scream, Hesitation and New Stories.
79. Gao Qi, Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben were four outstanding Wu Zhongren in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.
Gorky's autobiographical trilogy is: Childhood, On Earth and My University.
8 1. The three misers in the world works refer to: Old Grandet, Shylock, and Polikin.
82. Lao She's novel Four Generations of a Family is also a trilogy: confusion, indifference to life and famine.
83. Liu, Yang Shuo and Qin Mu are three important prose writers in the history of modern literature in China.
84. In ancient China, there were four big cities called Sijing: Tokyo-Bianliang, Xijing-Chang 'an, Nanjing-Jinling and Beijing-Shuntian.
85. The four great tragedies of English Shakespeare: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello and Macbeth.
86. The five great calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty: Liu Gongquan, Yan Zhenqing, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang and Zhang Xu.
87. Cereals: rice, wheat, millet, glutinous rice and hemp.
88. Five names of death: emperor-collapse, waiting-death, doctor-death, scholar-failure, civilian-death.
89. Five senses: ears, eyes, mouth, nose and body.
90. Five poisons: scorpion, snake, centipede, gecko and toad.
9 1. Five flavors: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty.
92. Five internal organs: heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney.
93. Five Lakes: Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake and Hongze Lake.
94. Five great language masters in New China: Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Lao She and Zhao Shuli.
95. Six meanings of the Book of Songs: wind, elegance, ode, fu, comparison and glory.
96. Six livestock: horses, cows, sheep, dogs, pigs and chickens.
97. Six characters: pictographic, indicating, knowing, pictophonetic, transliteration and borrowing.
98. Five mausoleums: Gaozu Changling Mausoleum, Hui Anling Mausoleum, Jingdi Yangling Mausoleum, Wudi Mausoleum and Zhao Di Ping Ling Mausoleum.
99. Six of the Five Classics and Six Arts refer to: ritual, music, calligraphy, counting, shooting and imperial.