First of all, the four world ranking institutions are Times Higher Education World University Rankings, academic ranking of world universities World University Rankings, US news World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings, which are the four most influential global university rankings in the world at present, but they are also criticized for their commercial factors and bias towards English-speaking countries.

Let's read these four rankings one by one:

(1) "academic ranking of world universities", abbreviated as ARWU in English, is a national research project in China, which was jointly developed by the World-class University Research Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University and the Institute of Higher Education. It was first published on the Internet in 2003 and has been updated annually since then.

This ranking focuses on academic research, and the evaluation basis mainly comes from six indicators:

Quality of education: The number of alumni who won the Nobel Prize and Fields Prize is equal (10%).

Quality of teachers: the same number of teachers who have won the Nobel Prize or Fields Prize (20%), and the number of scientists who have been cited most frequently in various academic fields (20%).

Scientific research achievements: the number of papers published in the journal Nature and Science (20%), and the number of papers included in the science citation index and social science citation index (20%).

Per capita academic performance: the average score of the above indicators (10%)

ARWU relies too much on international awards, emphasizing science, engineering and research, rather than humanities and teaching quality. If you want to choose a humanities university, there is not much reference value.

After reading the analysis of these rankings, are you more clear about choosing a school?

In fact, these seemingly objective rankings actually hide many subjective consciousness and artificial factors, and the story of Northeastern University is the best example.

In addition, these are comprehensive rankings of universities, and these comprehensive rankings are not suitable for all choices. If you want to study financial engineering, financial mathematics and other majors, some professional rankings such as Quantnet will be more valuable.

And if you want to develop in academia in the future, then professional ranking is more important than comprehensive ranking, because everyone in the industry knows that professional ranking is very important and represents the level of students' grades. For example, the comprehensive ranking of the University of California, San Francisco can't be found in the top four ***248 schools ranked by USNews, but its medical ranking is usually in the top few, and medical college graduates are definitely not worried about employment.

(2) The 2)QS World University Ranking refers to six indicators, including:

Academic mutual evaluation (40%): from the investigation of the research level of the school by scholars/peers.

Teacher-student ratio (20%): The teacher-student ratio reflects the teaching resources and quality of the school.

Teachers' quotations (20%): directly reflect the research level of teachers.

Employer evaluation (10%): the evaluation of school graduates by employers.

Proportion of international students (5%) and international teachers (5%): Investigate the degree of diversification and internationalization of the school.

It can be seen that the evaluation of academic peers is the focus of QS evaluation of universities. However, the high index weight of internationalization often leads to the strange phenomenon that the five disciplines of A school are higher than those of B school, but the overall ranking is lower than that of B school, which has been criticized by many academic circles.

In addition, QS focuses half of its reputation assessment and collection methods on Europe, which is often criticized.

Since June, 2004 165438+ 10, Times Higher Education has cooperated with QS(Quacquarelli Symonds) to publish the same world university ranking, that is, Times Higher Education -QS World University Ranking, which has a wide influence. Later, after the ranking was launched in 2009, the two universities were officially dissolved and began to publish their respective rankings, which was called "Times Higher Education World University Rankings" from then on. At present, QS ranking is jointly launched with ELSEVIER, the world's largest academic publishing group, and now covers the world comprehensive ranking and subject classification ranking.

(3) Times Higher Education World University Rankings

Times Higher Education World University Ranking is a world university ranking produced by Times Higher Education, which is usually abbreviated as.

Since 2004, Times Higher Education has been cooperating with QS to publish the world rankings once a year. However, from 20 10, Times Higher Education parted ways with QS and began to cooperate with Thomson Reuters Group to launch a new world university ranking, in which data collection was completed by Thomson Reuters Group.

The ranking method of Times Higher Education is mainly based on QS ranking. The six indicators in the original QS ranking were expanded, subdivided into thirteen secondary indicators, and their respective proportions were adjusted.

Teaching and students (30%): This indicator mainly examines the teaching quality of a school, including teaching reputation 15%, teacher-student ratio of 4.5%, doctor-bachelor degree awarding ratio of 2.25%, subject category of 6%, and per capita school income of teachers of 2.25%.

Research (30%): This indicator mainly examines the overall R&D strength of the school, including academic reputation survey (18%), research funding (6%) and the number of papers published by each teacher (6%).

Paper citation (30%): This indicator mainly examines the influence of schools in the research field.

Degree of internationalization (7.5%): the proportion of international teachers (2.5%), international students (2.5%) and international cooperative research (2.5%).

Economic activity and innovation (2.5%): This indicator mainly examines the relationship between school research and business circles.

The ranking of The Times has been criticized for its high citation rate, which is considered to be unfavorable to universities that do not use English as the main teaching language, because English, as an international language, is more easily concerned and naturally more easily cited.

(4)USNEWS is American news &; The abbreviation of World Report, American News and World Report in Chinese, was once a news magazine as famous as Time and Newsweek, and now it focuses on providing higher education information for students.

USNEWS publishes the ranking of American high schools from 1983, and updates it once a year from 1985. The rankings are mainly divided into four categories:

National university rankings,

College of arts and sciences rankings,

Graduate school rankings,

The best high school.

There are also professional rankings, such as business-related majors, science and engineering majors and so on.

USNEWS has authority and influence on the ranking of American universities. It mainly evaluates seven indicators such as undergraduate teaching reputation, retention rate, teacher resources, student quality, financial strength, graduation rate and alumni donation.

I hope the above answers can really help you, thank you for your adoption ~