(1) The way of university: the purpose of university. The word "university" had two meanings in ancient times: one was "erudite"; The second is "adult learning" relative to primary schools. Ancient eight-year primary schools learned basic cultural knowledge and etiquette such as "sweeping to cope with advance and retreat, shooting books to be polite and happy"; At the age of fifteen, I went to college to study ethics, politics, philosophy and other knowledge, such as "being poor means being benevolent, cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world".
So the latter meaning is actually similar to the former meaning, and it also means "erudition". The original meaning of "Tao" is Tao, and it is extended to law and reason. In China's ancient philosophy and politics, it also refers to the origin and individual of all things in the universe, a certain political viewpoint or ideology, etc. It has different meanings in different contexts. ?
(2) In Ming Ming De, the former "Ming" as a verb has the meaning of making it move, that is, "making it clear", and it has the meaning of carrying forward and carrying forward. The latter "Ming" is an adjective, and Mingde is also an aboveboard figure.
"University" is an essay on the Confucian thought of self-cultivation and governing the country. Originally the 42nd article of The Book of Rites of Little Dai, it is said that it was written by. In fact, it is a Confucian work in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is an important work for China to discuss educational theory in ancient times. After being highly praised by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "University Chapters and Sentences", which was finally called "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "Da Xue" became the official textbook of the school and the required reading of the imperial examination, which had a great influence on the ancient education in China.
The "Three Outlines" and "Eight Items" put forward in "University" emphasize that self-cultivation is the premise of governing people, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to govern the country and the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and the world and personal moral cultivation.
The full text of "Da Xue" is concise, profound and far-reaching. This paper mainly summarizes the pre-Qin Confucian moral cultivation theory, as well as the basic principles and methods of moral cultivation, and also systematically discusses the Confucian political philosophy, which has profound enlightenment for being a man, doing things and governing the country.
University comes from the Book of Rites, which was originally the 42nd of 49 articles.
The Book of Rites was originally named The Book of Rites of Little Dai, also known as The Book of Little Dai. It was compiled by Dai Sheng in Xuan Di era according to a batch of anonymous Confucian works left over from history. Ban Gu, a dynastic historian, notes that "The Book of Rites was written by the people after 1970s" in 131 Historical Records, and thinks that the book was written mainly from the early Warring States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty. Cui Shu, a native of Qing Dynasty, said, "The style of every article is exhausted by time ..." There are too many words in Daxue, so it should be in the Warring States period. "
On the whole, Daxue was written in the early Warring States period after Confucius and before Mencius and Xunzi, that is, around the 5th century BC, and it was a work of the Zeng school of pure Confucianism. That is to say, "Da Xue" should be a work in the early Warring States period, and its author should be "Zeng's Confucianism", which is now recognized by academic circles as the work of Zeng Shen in the early Warring States period.