Keywords: business administration; Practical teaching; Mode cultivation
Innovative business management talents required by social and economic development are an important topic for business management majors in colleges and universities. Starting with strengthening practical teaching, the Department of Business Administration of Tianjin Normal University has made beneficial exploration and practice for cultivating innovative management talents to serve local economic development.
First, strengthen the necessity of practical teaching of business administration
Business administration is a practical subject, but there are still many gaps between the teaching of business administration course and the actual operation of the company. In terms of teaching, the current teaching plan of business administration major in domestic universities divides business administration into several independent courses, focusing on classroom teaching theory. Even if case teaching is added, it is only limited to introducing written materials, which can't give students perceptual knowledge. At the same time, due to the limitation of a course, it is difficult for teachers to tell students the whole process and control of company management, so that students can form a whole and systematic company operation practice in their minds. In terms of students' learning, due to the lack of relevant requirements, students often pay attention to the theoretical study of business administration courses, do not care about and understand the actual operation of enterprises, lack comprehensive training on the knowledge they have learned, and do not know how to combine theoretical knowledge with the reality of enterprises, so the most direct result is that the one-time employment rate of graduates is not high, and the adaptation period after entering enterprises is too long. In order to reverse this situation, we must strengthen practical teaching.
Second, the conception of practical teaching mode for business administration major
The orientation of the business administration major in our college is "enterprise-oriented, based on the post; Optimize the foundation and pay attention to quality; "Strengthening application and highlighting ability" is the guiding ideology of talent training mode. In order to meet the needs of the times for innovative management talents, we must completely change the concept that practical teaching depends on theoretical teaching, put practical teaching and theoretical teaching in the same important position, and pay enough attention to teaching organization, content arrangement, laboratory construction and teacher team construction, so as to strengthen the cultivation of practical ability as a breakthrough and promote the cultivation of innovative spirit and ability.
1. Increase practice teaching time
In order to give students enough time to practice and explore, on the one hand, our college appropriately compresses the theoretical teaching hours and increases the practical teaching hours in the teaching plan; For example, the adjusted teaching plan, whether it is the total hours, the proportion of practical teaching hours, or even the proportion of comprehensive and designed experiments, has changed a lot. The revised plan is more suitable for the needs of the market and the needs of undergraduate ability training and quality structure change.
On the other hand, it is the whole process of practical teaching. In the setting of teaching plan, the Department of Business Administration consciously arranges the hours of practical teaching, at least 1/4 of the total hours. From the first semester of college entrance to graduation, computer practice, cognitive practice, production practice, professional practice, graduation practice and graduation design are arranged. Keep the gradual and uninterrupted practice teaching in the whole four-year teaching plan of the university.
2. Strengthen laboratory construction and training.
Innovative talents need a good practical environment and conditions, and the construction of laboratories is particularly important. To this end, the college has increased laboratory investment. Since its establishment, the College has invested 770,000 yuan during the Ninth Five-Year Plan and 1.84 million yuan during the Tenth Five-Year Plan, with a laboratory area of more than 950 square meters. At present, the School of Management has 10 teaching laboratories. Including: ERP sand table laboratory, computer accounting laboratory, logistics simulation laboratory and ERP, e-commerce, file protection, accounting simulation, e-government, photography, information science laboratory, initially formed a comprehensive laboratory with moderate scale, complete system and distinctive features, which mainly meets undergraduate teaching. It provides a platform for cultivating students' professional awareness and practical ability. Especially in the past three years, the proportion of comprehensive and designed experiments in the experimental courses of management college has been rising, reaching more than 93% of the total number of experimental courses.
3. Actively open up practice bases.
Social practice is an indispensable part of college students' ability training. In recent years, the School of Management has continuously strengthened its ties with enterprises and institutions, and the construction of practice bases has achieved fruitful results. At present, there are seven stable professional practice bases in our college, involving logistics management, business administration, accounting, archival science, information management, information system and so on. While promoting the joint development of schools and enterprises, it also provides practice places for students to carry out cognitive practice, production practice and graduation practice.
4. Encourage teachers to participate in social practice.
The practical experience and innovative ability of teachers largely determine the practical ability and innovative ability of students. The construction of practical guidance teachers in the department of business administration adopts the method of "from practice to practice": first, hire experts from relevant enterprises and institutions as part-time practical guidance teachers; The second is to encourage professional teachers to engage in part-time social activities in their spare time, carry out scientific research, participate in enterprise management practice and enrich teachers' practical experience. Our college has formulated a series of systems and methods to encourage teachers to actively participate in scientific research and teaching research, linking the completion of teachers' scientific research, teaching and participation in social activities with post appointment and annual work assessment, effectively mobilizing the enthusiasm of teachers to participate in social practice.
Third, highlight the practice and exploration of cultivating innovative ability.
1. Improve students' interest
Interest is the best teacher in the process of teaching experiments. Only when students are interested in the experiment itself can they stimulate the desire to explore and the passion to create. Our thoughts on the reform of teaching experiment are as follows: First, make full use of computer and information network technology and simulation experiment teaching software to carry out simulation experiment teaching of ERP sand table and other majors, so that students can play the role of enterprise management and participate in enterprise competition in the simulated enterprise economic management environment. The second is to contact the reality of the enterprise, pay close attention to the hot issues in the real society, conduct discussions, and cultivate students' innovative spirit.
2. Let students participate in social practice purposefully and in a planned way.
For college students, social practice is a bridge to realize the effective transformation from knowledge to ability. Business administration majors try out the "three steps" for students to participate in social practice. The first step: cognitive practice, that is, let sophomore students use their holidays for two weeks of cognitive practice, with the aim of letting them know about an industrial and commercial enterprise; The second step: professional practice, arrange junior students to participate in professional practice around the enterprise to experience the work content and workflow of industrial and commercial managers; Step 3: Graduation internship. Next semester, arrange a four-week graduation internship, so that students can find their own internship units and practice in the internship units. The purpose is to understand the management and operation of the internship unit, determine the topic of graduation research, collect relevant information, and lay a good foundation for completing the graduation thesis. The college encourages students to put forward solutions to the problems of enterprises, and their paper scores are inclined. This is conducive to cultivating students' spirit of exploration, innovation and pragmatism.
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