At present, there are many professional research institutions and living enterprises and institutions of ventilation and sound insulation windows in China, such as Tsinghua University Building Physical Acoustics Laboratory and Haoxian Ventilation and Sound Insulation Windows. Make the ventilation and sound insulation window technology mature, become the customized installation of citizens living in noisy areas, and create many benefits for healthy life and harmonious society.
Explain in detail from the following aspects:
First, understand the noise first? What effect does it have on the body? From the perspective of psychoacoustics, noise, also known as noise, generally refers to inappropriate or uncomfortable auditory stimulation.
It is a compound sound with many frequencies and aperiodic vibration.
In short, noise is an aperiodic sound vibration.
Its sound wave shape is irregular and it sounds harsh.
From the social and psychological point of view, any sound that interferes with people's study, work and rest and makes people feel uncomfortable is called noise.
Such as road noise, knocking, thunder and lightning, machine roar, etc. It's all noise.
It is measured in decibels.
Noise can be divided into high intensity and low intensity.
Low-intensity noise is generally harmless to people's physical and mental health, and in many cases it is beneficial to improve work efficiency (such as light music).
High-intensity noise mainly comes from the environment: industrial machines (such as looms, lathes, air compressors, pickaxes, blowers, etc. Modern means of transportation (such as cars, trains, motorcycles, tractors, airplanes, etc.). ), loudspeakers, construction sites, shopping malls, sports and entertainment places, etc.
These high-intensity noises do harm to people's health, make people feel tired, produce negative emotions and even cause diseases.
High-intensity noise not only damages people's hearing, but also affects the nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, digestive system, vision and intelligence to varying degrees.
If people are long-term
95
Working and living in a decibel noise environment, about
29%
Some people will lose their hearing; Even if the noise is just
Eighty-five
So are decibels.
10%
Some people will be deaf;
120~ 130
Decibel noise can make people's ears hurt; Louder noise will damage hearing.
In the nervous system, strong noise can cause headache, dizziness, burnout, insomnia, emotional anxiety, memory loss, increased EEG slow waves, autonomic nervous system dysfunction and other symptoms. In the cardiovascular system, strong noise will cause changes in pulse and heart rate, elevated blood pressure, arrhythmia, conduction disorder and changes in peripheral blood flow. In the endocrine system, strong noise can cause hyperthyroidism, enhanced function of upper gland cortex, increased basal metabolic rate, sexual dysfunction, menstrual disorder, etc. In the digestive system, strong noise will cause digestive dysfunction, gastric dysfunction, gastric acid reduction, loss of appetite and so on.
In a word, strong noise will lead to a series of physiological and pathological changes in human body.
Someone once told me about the noise.
95
Work in a high decibel environment
202
Everyone has been investigated, and it's dizzy.
39%
Insomnia accounts for.
32%
I have a headache.
27%
Stomach pain is the cause.
27%
, flustered.
27%
Amnesia accounts for.
27%
Be upset
22%
I have a bad appetite.
18%
, the proportion of hypertension.
12%
Therefore, we should not take strong noise for granted, and take measures to prevent it.
Of course, people are sensitive to noise, and there are great differences among individuals.
Some people are sensitive to noise, and some people have strong adaptability to noise, which is also related to psychological factors such as people's needs and emotions.
No matter how different people are, strong noise always needs to be prevented.
◆
Harm of noise to sleep: Sudden noise can wake up 10% of people at 40 decibels, and 70% of people at 60 decibels.
◆
Harm of noise to hearing: noise can cause tinnitus, deafness and hearing damage, and when it exceeds 55 decibels, it makes people feel noisy.
After long-term exposure to noise above 85 decibels, the incidence of deafness is 2 1% after 40 years.
◆
The harm of noise to physiology? Noise can lead to nervousness, arrhythmia and high blood pressure. In high noise environment, it will cause some sexual dysfunction, menstrual disorder, and the abortion rate of pregnant women will be reduced.
◆
Harm of noise to children: Noise will hinder children's intellectual development, and children's intellectual development in noise environment is 20% lower than that in quiet environment.
Second, live next to the elevated road (road) and close the doors and windows. Why is there noise?
Second, the second is the soundproof window:
Sound wave is a kind of wave with certain potential energy and has many unique wave characteristics.
Doors and windows need to be opened, which is thinner than the wall, and the sealing of the opening part forms the whole sound insulation bottleneck.
First of all, doors and windows account for 80% of glass. The sound insulation efficiency of ordinary glass and insulating glass is very low because of the penetration of sound waves, the coincidence effect of sound waves and resonance grooves of ordinary insulating glass.
Therefore, suitable high sound insulation glass should be selected for sound insulation windows, followed by the sealing of moving parts, and of course, there are sound insulation strips with good effect (such as imported sound insulation strips), and the sound insulation treatment of door and window frame profiles should also be reconsidered. Only the perfect unity of the three can make a sound insulation window with ideal effect.
Due to the different actual environment, the sound insulation windows used are also aimed at different noise sources. Fully consider the frequency and characteristics of sound sources in the environment, and select sound insulation windows with different profiles and different combination glasses and varieties.
The soundproof window is well sealed and relatively closed after closing the window.
3. Sound insulation ventilator: The principle of window sound insulation ventilator is to close doors and windows every day to resist noise, but it causes indoor air turbidity.
With traffic noise and dust flying all over the sky, the air index of the city is getting worse and worse; Because the contradiction between ventilation by opening the window and noise reduction by closing the window has not been solved, people have been looking for various ventilation schemes to solve these problems, including exhaust fans, air conditioners and air purifiers. , but there is no perfect product. Sound insulation ventilator is a perfect solution to the above problems, which can reduce noise by more than 75%-90% and send filtered fresh air indoors. A device that allows fresh air to flow into the room when the window is closed (there are many kinds of soundproof ventilators, some of which are added to the wall, which can also be soundproof and ventilated after the window is closed, but it can't be called soundproof ventilation window, only soundproof windows are ventilated and integrated with the window).
4. Characteristics and principles of ventilation soundproof windows Working principle of ventilation: How does ventilation and air conditioning control the indoor environment of buildings? The following briefly introduces the basic methods of indoor environment control in civil buildings.
People, lamps, electrical appliances and electronic equipment (such as TV sets, VCDs, stereos, computers, etc. Indoor "pollution sources", such as CO2, body odor and smoke emitted during smoking, should be discharged in civil buildings. Indoor furniture and decoration materials will also emit various pollutants, which will lead to the deterioration of indoor air quality.
In order to ensure good indoor air quality, it is usually necessary to dilute indoor pollutants by exhausting indoor air containing pollutants and providing clean outdoor air indoors.
The task of ventilation and air conditioning is to dilute indoor pollutants and ensure proper thermal comfort and good air quality.
Ventilation and air conditioning systems take many forms. For example, the control scheme of the indoor environment of a building is to send a certain amount of outdoor air (fresh air) indoors, and at the same time, an equal amount of indoor air must penetrate into the outdoor through air outlets such as doors and windows, thus diluting pollutants.
The working principle of ventilation and air conditioning is to discharge polluted air indoors and add the same amount of clean air (treated or untreated), that is, to achieve air balance.
The amount of air entering and leaving the room will always be automatically balanced.
Any factor that destroys this balance will inevitably lead to the change of indoor state, and will reach a new balance in the new state.
1. Natural ventilation is a problem now. Natural ventilation was not a problem before.
If the natural environment is good, the outdoor air is fresh, there is no noise and dust, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is not big, natural ventilation is the best indoor air health solution.
However, with the development of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, window ventilation has now become an important problem with many contradictions.
The road noise outside the window is getting more and more serious. How can we save ourselves? Indoor air pollution threatens our health. How to solve it? Sandstorms, dust and floating sheep have caused countless housewives who pay attention to the quality of life a headache; More importantly, in modern buildings, in order to ensure comfortable indoor temperature and reduce the loss of building energy consumption, the doors and windows of houses are becoming more and more airtight, and the openable windows are getting smaller and smaller. In addition, many buildings have no through flow, and natural ventilation is getting less and less.
All these add up to make the problem of whether to open the window for ventilation, which was not a problem in the past, become an intractable contradiction.
The seemingly simple ventilation has become a big problem related to people's respiratory health and the sustainable development of the country.
Ventilation and sound insulation window structure Figure 2. Indoor pollution entered the blacklist of top ten health killers in 2003.
People cannot forget the SARS epidemic in 2000.
"To prevent SARS, ventilation is more useful than disinfection", which is a valuable experience gained during SARS.
Now, SARS has faded out of our lives, but the problem of biological pollution has not gone far.
Some pathogenic microorganisms easily spread through the air, forming "indoor biological pollution".
Especially in the environment with poor ventilation, crowded people, open air conditioning and heating, which is relatively closed, it is easy to make bacteria, viruses, molds, mites and other microorganisms multiply in large numbers, causing diseases such as influenza and respiratory asthma in children and the elderly.
These are all biological pollution.
Poor ventilation makes it difficult for all kinds of pollutants including decoration to spread and dilute, thus adversely affecting human health.
Office equipment and furniture also release a lot of harmful gases.
These are chemical pollution.
The dust, pollen, floc and noise in the indoor and outdoor air of the city, and the humidity, odor and smoke in the room also make people who are eager for a high-quality life more and more unbearable. The roads are getting wider and wider, and there are more and more motor vehicles, which flow day and night. Opening windows for ventilation needs to pay a higher price to get fresh air.
These are physical contamination.
The American magazine Preventive Medicine reported that there are far more pollutants at home than outside, ranging from heavy metals to various volatile organic chemicals.
According to the relevant research of the US Environmental Protection Agency, the probability of ordinary people being exposed to carcinogens at home has reached a record high, even higher than when they are outdoors.
five
—
70
Time magazine.
A child in Beijing was admitted to the hospital because of leukemia, and the living environment of his family was investigated. It was found that most of the small apartments were decorated in the past six months, and most of them were luxuriously decorated.
Recently, the Beijing Municipal Health Bureau's sampling inspection of some residential quarters and office buildings showed that the formaldehyde content in newly renovated rooms generally exceeded the standard, with the highest one exceeding the standard.
73
Times!
In a recent report released by the World Health Organization, indoor air pollution has been listed on the list of human health along with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity.
10
On the blacklist of big killers
Ventilation is a good way to solve indoor pollution. Although there are many ways to remove air pollution, reducing pollution sources, adsorption and killing, filtration and activated carbon adsorption are all necessary solutions in some situations.
But indoor air quality points out that the most effective way to improve indoor air quality is ventilation.
The fresh air created by nature for thousands of years cannot be copied by human beings.
A high-quality life needs not only air that meets the pollution standards, but also fresh, clean, quiet and comfortable air, just as people like the natural air in mountain streams and seaside.
Nowadays, breathing fresh air and working, studying and living quietly indoors has become an unattainable luxury for urbanites.
according to
2003
year
three
moon
1
National indoor air quality (GBT 1 8883-2002) effective on1day.
Regulation: per person per hour
30
Cubic meters of fresh air.
Xu Wei, director of the Air Conditioning Institute of China Research Institute, reflected on the current buildings, and thought that in the past, the air conditioning system design of domestic buildings only emphasized refrigeration and heating, ignoring the requirements for air quality. Coupled with the luxurious appearance of modern buildings, most of them are glass curtain walls, which can not be naturally ventilated in many cases, so the fresh air volume of buildings is far from the national indoor air quality standards.
There is also a more noteworthy phenomenon that some buildings and office buildings deliberately boast that the house has a fresh air system for speculation, but there is actually no fresh air system at all; Even if there is a fresh air system, the fresh air volume varies greatly and is generally reached.
3%
Until/very
15%
Because this little fresh air volume has no energy recovery function, the property often turns off or reduces the fresh air volume when operating the air conditioning system to reduce the huge heat loss caused by fresh air.
The first silencing channel is arranged at the bottom of two window frames, the air inlet of the first silencing channel is transversely arranged at the outdoor side, the air outlet is transversely arranged between the two window frames, the air inlet is provided with an openable seal, and the air inlet and the air outlet are separated into a rotary silencing channel by a silencing baffle;
The second silencing channel is hermetically connected between the middle vertical plates of two window frames, the air inlet of the second silencing channel is transversely arranged at the bottom, the air outlet is transversely arranged at the top, and the air inlet and the air outlet are separated into a folded silencing channel by a silencing baffle; An outer glass window, wherein the upper part of the tappet is a fixed glass window, and the lower part of the middle tappet is a glass shutter; Inner glass window, in which the upper part of the tappet is a glass shutter, and the lower part of the middle tappet is two casement windows with inner openings.
The utility model has obvious sound insulation effect and can be widely used in various buildings.
V. Types of ventilation and sound insulation windows:
Ventilation and sound insulation window is a kind of door and window that can exchange indoor and outdoor air after closing the window under the condition of ensuring a certain sound insulation; That is, a collection of soundproof windows and soundproof ventilators.
Ventilation and sound insulation windows are generally divided into two types: one is the split structure of sound insulation window and sound insulation ventilator, that is, the two products are organically combined and adopt the up-and-down structure or the left-and-right structure; It has the following characteristics: 1. Good sound insulation effect.
2. The installation design is simple.
3 easy to maintain.
4. Be independent of each other.
5. Wide range of applicable products.
The other is an integrated structure: the windows and soundproof ventilators adopt an integrated structure of staggered ventilation. Generally, two windows are staggered, with sound insulation and ventilation equipment in the middle; It has the following characteristics: 1 and good ventilation effect.
2. The structure is compact.
3. It occupies a large area.
4, generally for natural ventilation.
5. The equipment is not universal and professional.
6. Sound insulation and ventilation: above 25 decibels in unventilated state and above 20 decibels in ventilated state (relative state); Ventilation is greater than or equal to 40 cubic meters per meter (the above is subject to the soundproof window in Xiang Hao, Shenzhen).
As a professional door and window, ventilation soundproof window is more and more widely used in real estate. As a new thing, it will be more and more perfect, which will make people live more comfortably and healthily in places with high noise.