During his teaching career of nearly 40 years, Comrade Sun Weigang was loyal to the people's education, conscientious and selfless. With his outstanding wisdom, profound knowledge and unique teaching methods, he has trained a number of outstanding students with all-round development and distinctive learning.
Starting from 1980, Sun Weigang began to carry out a large-scale cycle experiment from Grade One to Grade Three in No.22 Middle School, devoting itself to studying mathematics teaching and cultivating students' ability, promoting intellectual education through moral education, developing morally, intellectually and physically, and improving students' quality in an all-round way. In the whole process of mathematics experiment teaching and being a class teacher, he made full use of and exerted his solid subject knowledge, profound cultural accomplishment and exquisite teaching art, and used his own soul to cast students' souls. The personality factors of teachers and students are skillfully integrated into the original boring curriculum. Sun Weigang's experiments have made great achievements and made important contributions to the development of middle school education.
From 65438 to 0990, Comrade Sun Weigang suffered from bladder cancer, and from 65438 to 0998, he suffered from rectal cancer. During this period, he experienced many major operations, but with tenacious perseverance, he fought tirelessly against the disease and always insisted on working in the front line of education and teaching. And most of his achievements were made during his ten years of illness. In recognition of his outstanding contribution to education, the Party and the government awarded him many honors: 1986 was named "Beijing Special Teacher"; 1989 was rated as the first batch of "experts with outstanding contributions" in Beijing and won the title of "Beijing Model Worker"; 1990 won the "Capital Labor Medal" and was named "Beijing Model Class Teacher"; 1993 was named "Top Ten Excellent Teachers in Beijing" and awarded the title of "People's Teacher"; 1996 won the title of "Golden Globe Award for Top Ten Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools in China" and Hu Chunan's Excellent Teaching Achievement Award in Beijing in the same year; 1998 won the title of "Top Ten National Teachers' Morality Model" and became the winner of "Beijing Spiritual Civilization Medal" in the same year; 1999 won the special prize of the first basic education teaching achievement in Beijing and the first prize of the national Soviet mathematics education. In the same year, he was awarded the title of "Top Ten Professional Ethics Model" and "Capital Model" by the Fourth National Congress. In 2000, he was awarded the title of "National Model Worker".
In addition to the daily heavy education and teaching work, Comrade Sun Weigang also undertook a lot of social work. Director of Chinese Mathematical Society, director and coach of Beijing Mathematical Olympic School, president of Dongcheng Olympic School. Elected as the representative of the Ninth and Tenth People's Congress of Dongcheng District; Beijing deputy to the Tenth National People's Congress and the Ninth National People's Congress.
Comrade Sun Weigang loves China's * * * production party, the socialist motherland and the education he devoted himself to. When he became a person trusted by the public and society, he sincerely regarded himself as the property of society and the public. He treats people with humility and peace, and is full of love and responsibility for his career. His rigorous scholarship, extensive knowledge, diligence and profound thoughts have made his achievements in mathematics teaching and become an extremely rare model in the field of basic education and quality education in China.
Over the past 40 years, Comrade Sun Weigang has devoted his intelligence and wisdom to the school he loves, the students he loves and the education he loves. His talent, self-confidence, courage, perseverance and never-ending enterprising spirit will inspire educators to keep innovating and working hard, and go to the road of struggle and success without hesitation!
1992, Sun Weigang taught Class 4 of Beijing No.22 Middle School, and the average score of the college entrance examination reached 534 (out of 7 10). 40 students in the class, 15, were admitted to Tsinghua Peking University. 1996- 1997 national mathematics league, and the whole class 14 people won the prize; 1997 college entrance examination, the average score of 40 students in the class was 558.67, the average score of mathematics was 1 17, 38 students reached the admission line of national key universities, 9 students scored above 600, and 22 students were admitted to Peking University and Tsinghua. (In those days, the admission line in Tsinghua was 567). When I entered middle school that year, 2/3 of the students in this class scored lower than the admission scores of key middle schools in the district, and 1/3 of the students were students who entered the school nearby, commonly known as "DaDial".
How does Sun Weigang teach mathematics? He said: "extending in all directions, blending into one, the river is full and the fish is shallow."
Sun Weigang's teaching method is called "structural teaching method", which emphasizes the comparison and connection between new knowledge and old knowledge. He never worries about whether the students' brains are enough. For example, when teaching the proof of the triangle interior angles and theorems, the textbook just extends the bottom of the triangle and makes parallel lines on one side to guide the students to prove, while Sun Weigang gives the questions to the students, asking them to guess what the sum of the triangle interior angles is, and then asking the students to prove themselves. After several proofs came out, Sun Weigang asked "What is the sum of the interior angles of a polygon", and the students answered "(n-2) 180", and wrote several proofs on the blackboard. Sun Weigang made a summary-this is the idea of mathematical induction. Mathematical induction is something that I only came into contact with in grade two, but the first-year students who find the sum of the inner angles of triangles will know it. Is it tolerable to teach students this way? But learning from Mr. Sun will make your brain "strong".
A junior one student asked his math teacher, "You said in class that rational numbers are integers and fractions, and rational means reasonable.". I don't understand the meaning of integers and fractions? "
The teacher replied: "This is a mathematical law, nothing."
The question and answer were heard by Sun Weigang. He rejoiced in the students' strong thirst for knowledge, regretted the teacher's thoughtless answer, and even felt cruel-after several times, the spark of knowledge would go out and the children would be lazy to think.
Sun Weigang said: "There are no scientific rules, especially mathematics. There is nothing in the world for no reason. "
"Let the unintelligent students become smart, and let the smart students become smart."
1980 In September, Sun Weigang began the "Great Cycle" experiment from Grade One to Grade Three, which lasted for three rounds, and lasted for 17.
A colleague told Sun Weigang very grievance: "I told them (students) this little thing (teaching content) eight times, but on one exam, 47 out of 48 students got it right. How does this student teach? Students in key middle schools, how you teach, how he teaches, and if you don't teach, he will. "
Sun Weigang said that it should be acknowledged that there are differences in students' intelligence. Some teachers use this method-they find exercises and homework from key middle schools, copy them overnight and distribute them to students the next day. Of course, if key middle schools tell you what to say and how to say it, this method won't work. Because your students can't write their homework well, they will never catch up with the students in key middle schools.
He said that the fundamental way is to improve students' intellectual quality, "to make students who are not smart smarter and smart students smarter."
By the end of the first experimental class in Grade Two, many students failed in the math exam, but Sun Weigang's teaching experiment didn't stop. By the time this class graduated from the third grade and took the senior high school entrance examination, the average score of mathematics reached 94.47.
1985 During the Spring Festival, Cai Bingbing, a girl in the class, was a little at a loss in class because of her good academic performance, so she came to Sun Weigang to talk about how to study. Sun Weigang said that when I was listening to a math class in high school, I suddenly felt that the teacher was talking about what I had said before, so I pinched my thigh and it still hurts. This shows that I am not dreaming, and the teacher is really repeating the previous knowledge. This kind of feeling often appears in future classroom listening, and the frequency is getting higher and higher. Why? In fact, a lot of knowledge is interrelated, such as the cosine theorem to be learned in high school, so you should understand that Pythagorean theorem is a special case of cosine theorem. Find the connection between old and new knowledge, and then mathematics will become much simpler.
After the "Spring Festival Talk", Sun Weigang and Cai Bingbing agreed not to disclose the contents of the talk to other students, perhaps because they were worried that other students might mistakenly think that Sun Weigang was encouraging "classroom distraction". But Cai Bingbing's achievements made him reflect on the efficiency of "attending classes"-what is the standard of concentration when attending classes? Concentrate, don't be distracted. Sun Weigang felt that this was not the answer to an idea. He only focused on the content of the teacher's lecture, and probably followed the teacher passively. He suggested it; Give an example, I will try to judge its authenticity first; When a theorem or formula is written, try to prove it yourself first; An example has been written. Try to analyze and solve it yourself first. Even in the process of learning, imagine what propositions to put forward and what concepts to define, so that thinking can run in front of the teacher. If you can't lead by a large margin, imagine what the next sentence of this sentence is saying.
Since 1987, Sun Weigang has stopped giving students homework. At this time, the second experimental class, the math score is quite amazing-1989, the national junior high school math league, the first and second prizes in Beijing division *** 15, this class accounts for 12 (there are thousands of middle schools in Beijing, before the key division 137, this class,
Most middle school students will stop learning new things in math class and start reviewing for a whole year when they reach the third year of high school. On the other hand, Sun Weigang must complete all the contents of the textbook for senior three-calculus and probability. He believes that the more things students can master, the stronger their thinking ability, the more trivial and repetitive their lectures, and the more restricted their thinking.
Sun Weigang said: "People like to say that this is a pluralistic era. There is no single standard for human growth, but I think there are still the highest standards, such as decency, honesty and selflessness. "
Many parents trust the brand Sun Weigang, although the other side of the brand sounds cruel. 1983 from the beginning, Sun Weigang set the class rules for his first experimental class: no long hair, no leather shoes, no vulgar pop songs, no frivolous jokes, no birthday party and no New Year cards for boys and girls.
How did this set of class rules come out? That year, a physics teacher from No.22 Middle School of Beijing Normal University chatted with Sun Weigang, reminding Sun Weigang that those students who were among the best in the senior high school entrance examination often failed in Sun Shan after finishing high school in No.22 Middle School and entering university. Why? Because they are relatively excellent, they are more likely to attract the favor of students of the opposite sex and distract themselves more easily. ...
As soon as Sun Weigang's class rules were published, they spread to many middle schools nearby. In the imagination of many students, Sun Weigang is called "Meng". But 10 For many years, this set of class rules has been observed by students in Sun Weigang, and many parents are more willing to give their children to Sun Weigang because of this severity.
199 1, the mother of student sang liyun said, "I would rather my child be a fool than an asshole in the future." What makes this mother proud now is that her daughter Sang Liyun is studying in the Department of Life Sciences in Peking University.
"It is better for a child to be a fool than an asshole" was quoted many times by Sun Weigang at the parent-teacher conference. Student Wen Shiqiang's father still keeps the parent-teacher meeting record of 1994 65438+ 10/2-Teacher Sun: "As always, insist on morality first and study second; A well-trained brain is the first, and credit is the second. "
The father of student Zack Zhang said that the students in Mr. Sun's class are different from other children. They are very polite and know how to say hello to the uncle and elevator worker in the mailroom. When the parent-teacher conference serves, stand up straight, take things with your hands and be respectful. Both school homework and library books are willing to find students in this class because they work hard. Our parents also grew up in the fifties and sixties and were very attached to some beautiful things of that era. During our children's six years in middle school, Mr. Sun was the most talked-about topic with our children-what happened to Mr. Sun, what he said and so on.
What did Teacher Sun say? He told the students how steel was tempered. An ordinary soldier, "Living is for the happiness of others." After a math lecture, his homework for students was: Go home today and say hello to mom and dad.
The principles of the third round of experimental classes are: first, honesty, decency and integrity; Second, set up lofty ideals and ambitions and be determined to make more contributions to the people; Third, to be an emotional person, I want to make other people's lives happier, because I came to this world.
1 in August, 1997, after the students of this class graduated, Sun Weigang once commented on his senior three class (1) like this: "The standard of happiness varies from person to person. For the students in our class, their ideal is to become scientists who plan dynasties. They should consider bigger examples, such as countries and people. I think their happiness is to study hard, temper themselves and make contributions to others. The success of this stage lies in obtaining a high level of thinking ability and excellent character cultivation. People say that this is a pluralistic era, and there is no single standard for human growth. But I think there are still the highest standards, such as decency, honesty and selflessness. "
1On April 27th, 998, Sun Weigang was admitted to the Cancer Hospital for the eighth operation, this time for rectal cancer, and the first seven for bladder cancer. More than 30 students' parents took turns to accompany them day and night until Sun Weigang was discharged from hospital on June/KLOC-0. These parents still remember that when 199 1 was sent to the students, Mr. Sun was diagnosed with bladder cancer. He said to the parents of the students, "I must live well, just for six years, and I must send them to college." I want half of the students to be admitted to Tsinghua Peking University. "
Later, almost all the classes he taught were admitted to Tsinghua and Peking University.
A student's parents recalled: "That year, Mr. Sun suffered from bladder cancer and went to the Sixth Hospital of Beijing instead of going to the Union Medical College Hospital for surgery. Because the Sixth Hospital is close to No.22 Middle School, he lives on the high floor. When he was in class, the children saw Mr. Sun standing at the window. "
It's hard to say whether Sun Weigang's mood or Sun Weigang's class rules virtually bound his students-because every middle school emphasizes discipline and order, but the values advertised by cloth shoes, short hair and not falling in love are being generally ignored. Sun Weigang said: "As a middle school teacher, I am powerless in the face of customs. I can't control the social climate, but I can create my own microclimate. "
Sun Weigang, a 63-year-old math teacher from Beijing No.22 Middle School, died in Beijing Sixth Hospital at 9: 4 am on October 20th, 20021.
After Mr. Sun's death, dozens of educational experts and more than 400 outstanding teachers participated in the research work one after another. Constantly study, summarize and refine the scientific laws behind teacher Sun Weigang's teaching experience and the operating methods he uses, hoping to form a set of modes and methods that are convenient for promoting quality education.
After nearly ten years' research on the scientific laws and operating methods behind Sun Weigang's teaching experience, the research group discovered the mystery. Everything in the world is universally connected, and there are rules to follow between these connections. Teacher Sun's cultivation of students' "multiple solutions to one question, multiple solutions to one question, multiple solutions to one question" is to cultivate students' thinking ability, let students see problems from a systematic perspective, and then sublimate to understand the world from a philosophical perspective, thus forming a strong learning ability. Therefore, the experimental class led by Mr. Sun is not only among the best in mathematics, but also among the best in other disciplines. We have applied Mr. Sun's teaching thoughts to various disciplines and achieved remarkable teaching results.
It turns out that the thinking structure and thinking origin of various disciplines are interlinked and have rules to follow. We extract a basic model from these thinking origins, which consists of four basic learning abilities, namely, the ability to find the research object, the ability to determine the research angle around the research object, the ability to find the connection law between knowledge, the ability to build a knowledge network and make a connection diagram. The training of these four abilities can enable students to learn systematically in a short time, so that students are always in a state of thinking with their thoughts.
After two months of training, students can master this basic learning mode skillfully and their learning ability has been significantly improved. On this basis, we developed a compound learning model, which consists of six compound learning abilities, namely, the ability to understand concepts, the ability to learn concepts, the ability to understand principles, the ability to learn principles, the ability to check and solve problems and the ability to learn test questions. Students have mastered this compound learning mode and improved their intellectual quality, which can be easily applied to the study of various subjects. More importantly, it enables students to have the ability to face, explore and solve the thinking roots of problems. It opens thousands of thinking perspectives, allowing students to extend this understanding into the future and benefit for life.
The research team named basic learning mode and compound learning mode as the cognitive theory of learning source. Using this theory, the experimental class in Sun Weigang made a bold attempt. Students who enter the grade line of ordinary middle schools in Grade One can easily complete the three-year high school curriculum in one year through the training of basic learning mode.
(Attached) "Let Teaching Play a Greater Role" Sun Weigang
How to make middle school mathematics teaching play a greater role in the whole middle school education lies in two aspects: correct concept and effective implementation.
First, about the purpose of middle school mathematics teaching
People often regard the position of mathematics in social life and science as the position and value of mathematics teaching in middle school education. In fact, they have different importance.
Almost all human activities are inseparable from mathematical tools. Mathematics is an important tool and foundation in all fields of natural science and engineering technology. However, the understanding of the role of mathematics teaching in middle schools is not comprehensive enough, and even the bottom is not taken care of.
What is the purpose of middle school mathematics education? Is it knowledge of all subjects? We really need them, but that's all? Einstein once quoted Laue's famous saying: "When a student leaves school after graduation, if he forgets all the knowledge he has learned in the past few years (of course, this is impossible), then what he left behind at this time is the real achievement of school education." I understand that this "real achievement" refers to something other than knowledge, which is people's ability and quality. In other words, school education, especially primary and secondary education, depends not only on "things" (knowledge), but also on "people" (ability and quality). This is especially true in mathematics teaching.
Professor Zhang Zhusheng of Peking University once talked about a point: "Mathematics is a science that studies the way of human thinking." Therefore, the purpose of middle school mathematics teaching should naturally be manifested in combining knowledge learning with ability training by imparting mathematics knowledge, cultivating students' ability through knowledge teaching, and constantly developing and improving students' quality on the basis of ability improvement.
In the process of gradually realizing this goal, middle school students have gradually mastered mathematics knowledge, and the learning effect of other courses will be greatly improved because of the great improvement of their ability and quality. When non-intelligence factors are equal, the difference of intelligence is decisive. Therefore, setting the purpose of middle school mathematics teaching as "cultivating students' ability, developing and perfecting students' quality and increasing students' intelligence through knowledge teaching" is not only a foresight to make middle school mathematics teaching play a greater role in the whole middle school education! It is also the need of middle school education.
Second, beneficial implementation.
1. At all times and all over the world, knowledge always appears in front of students in the form of "knowledge in the system", focusing on the relationship and laws between knowledge, so that students can develop their ability to grasp knowledge, know the world and think about problems from the height of the system.
2. While paying attention to the relationship and laws between knowledge, we should pay attention to the infiltration of mathematical ideas and pay more attention to the sublimation of philosophical views. Great mathematicians, physicists and chemists in human history ... who are not thinkers and philosophers? They all observe and think from the height of thought and philosophy. It is unacceptable for middle school students to teach these ideas and philosophical views in textbooks. Once they learn them, they will be dogmatic, which will not help their thinking and application as weapons, and certainly will not increase their intelligence and talent. The long-term infiltration of dribs and drabs in mathematics teaching will edify students in the process of contact.
3. In the classroom, let students become the masters of learning and form a classroom atmosphere in which students "think ahead and challenge teachers". When the examples are written, the students will think and analyze them and explain them on the podium; When writing the conditions of theorems and formulas, encourage students to put forward their own conclusions; Furthermore, students actively construct theorems and formulas; Even, looking ahead and looking back, judging the situation, put forward who should be defined and how to define it; Even for the teacher's explanation in class, everyone tries to guess what its next sentence is ... This has the advantage that students can get thinking training in thinking activities. At the same time, I did everything myself and experienced all the difficulties. Knowing the "ditch" like the back of your hand will definitely impress you and leave you with endless aftertaste. If students challenge teachers, they will deepen their understanding of correct understanding from the opposite side if they make mistakes in thinking; At the same time, in the whole process, the interaction between students will of course greatly improve the limitation of imitating only one teacher. In addition, giving students the opportunity to show their talents in front of their peers will be a good way to encourage young people to actively pursue.
4. Multiple solutions to one question, multiple solutions to one question, multiple solutions to one question. Learning mathematics requires doing problems, and so do other courses, but how can we play the role of doing problems and achieve the purpose of doing problems? In my opinion, there are not many topics but they are wonderful. Here, wonderful means that there is no mistake in the topic itself, not only a restatement of definitions, theorems and methods, but also a dynamic and comprehensive idea of the topic. But more importantly, "multiple solutions to one question, multiple solutions to one question, multiple questions and one question". Multiple solutions to one question will make students immersive and deepen their understanding; The unity of multiple solutions is to seek the * * * same essence of different solutions, even the * * * essence of different knowledge categories and ways of thinking, and rise to the height of thinking methods and philosophical views, thus constantly abstracting the * * * *-unified thinking method for solving multiple problems. In order to achieve this goal of "doing problems thoroughly", teachers must leave less homework.
5. Encourage students to conduct academic research from an early age. Around the content of middle school mathematics, there are a lot of topics that you can learn from senior one to senior three as long as you explore them. Since 1990, my students have published more than 30 papers in newspapers and magazines, and won prizes in middle school students' thesis competitions. It must also be pointed out here that the meaning of drunkenness is not wine, and the biggest gain for students is not their grades, let alone winning prizes, but their growth.