Create an atmosphere? Introduce a new course

When we mention Peking University, a century-old prestigious school that countless students dream of, we will feel infinite yearning and admiration in our hearts. But how many people know what Peking University was like at the beginning of its establishment? Why can Peking University become a world-class university? More than 80 years ago, Cai Yuanpei, a famous educator, gave a speech at Peking University: "Speaking as the President of Peking University", which provided us with the best answer. In this class, let's discuss and learn this article that brought Peking University into a new era.

Enjoy a short film about Peking University and Cai Yuanpei.

Mobilize accumulation? Enjoy information * * *

Approaching the author Cai Yuanpei

Students introduce the author.

The teacher evaluates and shows the projection.

Read the text? Overall perception

Perceive text content

Please listen to the tape and read aloud, and draw the key sentences in each paragraph to clarify the idea of the article.

(Experience the prominent voice center and clear structure)

1

Clarity: The structure of the article is very clear. Point out the purpose of the speech at the beginning, then put forward three requirements, and point out two schemes at the end.

Intensive reading of texts? Analysis and appreciation

In his speech, Mr. Cai Yuanpei directly put forward three requirements for young students: to have a firm purpose, to sharpen virtue and to love teachers and friends. Why did he particularly emphasize these three points?

Student: "Holding the purpose" is aimed at the poor study style of Peking University and the unfair learning purpose of students. From "every outsider criticizes the corruption in our school, and everyone who studies here has the idea of being an official and getting rich", we can see that the style of study in Peking University was corrupt at that time, and many students' learning mentality was not correct. Instead, the university is regarded as a ladder for promotion and wealth, so the author asks students to hold the purpose of learning knowledge first.

Teacher: The analysis is very good. In the author's opinion, what are the consequences of students' improper learning objectives?

Student: Students have no intention to study: they are usually perfunctory and bohemian, but they are familiar with the handouts during the exam, regardless of whether they have knowledge or not, they just want grades. After three or four years of perfunctory work, you can't be careless. I just want to get a diploma and take this opportunity to participate in society.

Teacher: The answer is quick and accurate, but it is not complete enough. Only talk about personal influence on students. Think about it, if such students are on campus, what impact will it have on Peking University? What impact will it have on society if it is divorced from society?

Student: It will have a bad influence on other students and the whole school spirit, which will corrupt the school spirit of Peking University. It is also harmful to society: "going out to work as a lecturer will delay students;" Politics is bound to delay the country. This is also a mistake. "Admit yourself and others.

Teacher: Yes, that's more complete. In other words, improper learning purposes not only hurt students themselves, but also hurt society; At the same time, the style of study in Peking University has become corrupt. To this end, the author first proposed to "persevere". Then, the author thinks, how can we let students know whether the purpose of learning is fair or not?

Student: First of all, we should know the nature of the university.

Teacher: In the author's opinion, what is the essence of university?

Student: "Great scholars study profound knowledge", that is to say, a university is a place devoted to learning, not a ladder for promotion and wealth.

Teacher: Good. From the qualitative analysis of the university, we can see that the author hopes that the university can become a truly clean learning place that will not be polluted by the secular world. The author regards it as the first hope and requirement, which shows its importance. Now, let's continue to analyze the latter two requirements and see what kind of social reality they reflect.

Health: The second requirement of "sharpening the knife" was put forward because the customs and morals of the whole society were corrupt at that time, especially in Beijing. The article says that "things that corrupt morality and behavior are everywhere, and they are deeply rooted and rarely polluted by customs", which shows that college students are also deeply affected. And the quality of customs is related to the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, Peking University students must be able to "sharpen their knives" and "set an example and correct vulgarity".

Teacher: The analysis is very organized. Think about it, why does the author think that college students should bear the responsibility of "correcting customs"?

Student: Because college students have a high status and great influence in society, they are duty-bound to shoulder this heavy responsibility.

Teacher: So, in the author's opinion, how can we "sharpen our swords" and "set an example and correct vulgarity"? Is there any good way?

Health: The best way is to replace inappropriate entertainment with appropriate entertainment. Only in this way can we be moral and beneficial to our health.

Teacher: Good. Please continue to analyze the third requirement "love teachers and friends".

Student: This requirement does not directly write what kind of social reality or bad atmosphere it reflects. But from what I wrote before, we can know that Peking University is corrupt, morally bankrupt, utilitarian, snobbish, lacking the good quality of respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, and teachers and students can't get along well.

Teacher: Your reasoning is correct. When the author put forward the paragraph of "respecting teachers and valuing morality", he did not directly describe students' snobbery and ignorance of the words "respecting teachers and valuing morality", but did he mention it elsewhere?

Health: I found it. The second paragraph "for teachers, don't ask about their knowledge, but ask about their rank." Especially welcome those with high rank, because they will be promoted in the future. "

Teacher: That's right. This shows how serious it is that students are morally bankrupt and utilitarian. Because of this, the author proposes to "love teachers and friends". Then, in the author's opinion, what are the advantages of advocating "love teachers and friends"?

Student: Respecting teachers can make learning more convenient. Students are friendly, can learn from each other and promote learning; Sometimes I don't do well, but I don't know it. Others can point out that "the authorities are fascinated, the bystanders are clear" and they can make progress with each other.

These points were put forward in view of the social atmosphere at that time and the disadvantages of Peking University, and each point is extremely targeted, which is of great significance to the enlightenment of the deaf and the correction of the current disadvantages.

So, as a middle school student, what impressed you most about Cai Yuanpei's three requirements? Contact yourself and the people around you and talk about your feelings.

(Deeply understand the ideological and cultural connotation of the article)

1, "hold the purpose".

Therefore, whether it is a university or a middle school, as long as all students enter the school, they must first "hold the purpose" and study hard.

2. "Encourage virtue."

I hope we can all become healthy, decent and well-behaved middle school students as Cai Yuanpei said.

3. "Dear teachers and friends".

Therefore, "loving teachers and friends" is the most basic requirement for being a good student.

Summary: Mr. Cai Yuanpei's inaugural speech at Peking University more than 80 years ago not only awakened the Peking University students of that year, but also touched our hearts.

Cooperative exploration? Feel the bright spot

Feel the charm of the speech

So, why is Mr. Cai Yuanpei's speech so charming? Please talk about your opinion in combination with the text.

A student: I feel the author's enthusiasm and sincerity for reforming education and Peking University from the article.

Before becoming the president of Peking University, the author made some contributions to Peking University when he served in the Ministry of Education. Just a few days after arriving at Peking University, he delivered a speech, full of enthusiasm, and earnestly warned young students to improve their understanding and correct their style of study.

He earnestly encouraged young students: "You have worked here for three years, or four years, and time is running out. If you can cherish your time and study hard, your achievements will be endless. " He urged students not to regard university study as a stepping stone for officials to get rich, but to study hard and increase their knowledge.

In his speech, he placed high hopes on Peking University students, and his words were sincere and affectionate. This shows his enthusiasm for reforming education and Peking University.

B: I feel the author's foresight from the article.

From the absurdity of young students' study purpose, the author is keenly aware of the negative impact of social and political corruption and moral decay on education.

He warned young students in a sad tone: "Today, customs have been stolen, morality has declined, and Beijing society is particularly bad. Things that corrupt morality and corrupt behavior abound, are not deeply rooted, and rarely pollute the world. " He clearly saw that in the period of social transformation, young people are easy to fall into a situation of moral decay. In order to transform society and education, we must awaken them and ask them to be honest and upright while taking on the responsibility of transforming society and rectifying customs.

I can't help but admire Mr. Cai Yuanpei's foresight.

Bing Sheng: I feel the author's different popular virtues from the text.

The author clearly saw the social and educational disadvantages of China society in the early 20th century, and put forward a plan to deal with them, which needs foresight. It needs a kind of enthusiasm and sincerity to carry out reform without hesitation and perseverance. However, in order to turn the tide and change the situation of political corruption and moral decay, reformers themselves should have moral appeal and noble moral realm.

We can feel the author's noble moral realm from the text. He warned young students to sharpen their virtues and pointed out: "What is the future of such a popular custom?" . Therefore, there must be outstanding people who set an example and strive to change customs. The author is an "outstanding figure" of this model play.

He earnestly warned young students: "It is better to cover up and discredit the same school than to be open and honest, and to be moral and moral." If students are morally deficient and misbehave, they will be criticized by the society. Although they are disciplined, they cannot argue, so they must encourage each other. " He presented himself to young students, pointed out the necessity of moral progress, placed high hopes on them, and showed his moral appeal.

Summary: The ancients said: "He is upright and does things without orders; He is not quite right, although he can't do it. " Cai Yuanpei successfully reformed education and Peking University by virtue of his moral appeal.

Great practical significance

As a new headmaster, the author puts forward three requirements for young students in view of the disadvantages of society and education at that time. These three requirements are the best way to cure the education addiction at that time and at Peking University, and each point is related to the future and destiny of China education and Peking University. It is of great practical significance and impetus to education and the transformation of Peking University.

The problem that the author talked about was exactly the problem that young students of Peking University were generally concerned about at that time. It has great appeal in the content and emotion of the speech, aroused the interest of the audience, and made the speech achieve great educational effect.

Touching feelings

During the whole speech, the author devoted great enthusiasm to any problem.

He made contributions to Peking University when he was in the Ministry of Education five years ago, and he also had a special liking for Peking University. At the beginning of his tenure, he earnestly taught young students to change their concepts and styles of study and pay close attention to them. Two things that young students will do in the near future are also enthusiastically explained and enlightened.

Clear and lively thinking

The structure of this speech is very clear.

Due to the time limit of the speech, the audience just heard it and the time is limited, so the speech can only be arranged in one center, and the center is required to be prominent.

This paper focuses on how to become an excellent student of Peking University, and the whole paper is organized and carefully conceived around this center.

The opening text is straightforward and short, the main content of the text is spread out, and the end is expounded. It is important to summarize the full text with clear levels, clear context, tight structure and clear thinking.

Simple and elegant language

This article is written in simple classical Chinese, characterized by simplicity and elegance.

This is because it was the early stage of the New Culture Movement, a period of transition from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, and the old and new styles were parallel. At that time, many articles were mixed with literature and vernacular.

However, the author is unique in the use of language. The basic format of his article is classical Chinese, which uses classical Chinese vocabulary and sentence patterns, but the language is simple and contains many oral components, which is easier to accept and understand than classical Chinese.

So this speech, when published, can make the audience understand and understand.

Therefore, this speech is concise and meaningful in classical Chinese, and it is also lively, easy to understand and easy to accept.

Through the study of this paper, we not only feel the personality charm of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, but also appreciate it.

This speech has clear thinking, rigorous structure and infectious language.

Summarize the basic characteristics of the speech.

Content: targeted, logical and ideological.

Language: Use whole sentences, short sentences and rhetoric.

Have a definite aim. Aim at the target, don't generalize.

In order to enhance the language potential, enhance the appeal and enrich the feelings, the speech draft has "three more": that is, more whole sentences, more short sentences and more rhetoric.

Use complete sentences. The momentum is strong and the mood is coming.

Use short sentences, call words, etc. , which is full of appeal.

Use metaphors, parallelism and rhetorical questions to increase attraction. It can be seen that the speech is artistic.

Contact reality? Extension extension

The ancients said; It's better to start weaving your fishing net than just covet fish in the water.

Imagine yourself as a monitor and write an article << Voice Monitoring >> Speech.

Course summary:

Mr. Cai Yuanpei's inaugural speech sounded the horn of Peking University's reform. Since then, Peking University has been standing at the forefront of the times and leading the trend. Today, Peking University is not only a national knowledge base and a national think tank, but also the peak of academic thought.