Natural scenery tourist train:
The train for Tianjin arrived at the station.
8427: 26 Jixian County
882 18: 59 Jixian county
Local transportation: Tianjin has two trains to Jixian every day (7: 30 and 19: 00, about 3 hours' drive), and there is a bus to the scenic spot.
Dule Temple, commonly known as the Big Buddha Temple, is located in the west of Jixian County, Tianjin. According to documents, Dule Temple was built in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and rebuilt in 984 AD in the second year of Liao Dynasty by Han Kuangsi, a native of Jizhou. It has a history of 1000 years, and is one of the oldest and largest existing lattice wood structures in China.
When talking about the value of Dule Temple, Luo, head of the National Cultural Heritage Administration Ancient Architecture Expert Group and president of the National Cultural Relics Society, said: We say that cultural relics have three values, one is historical value, the other is artistic value, and the third is scientific value. Some cultural relics can only have historical value or no artistic value, and some have high artistic value. This Dule Temple can be said to be a collection of three values, so I think Dule Temple is really great in the ancient buildings of our country, and it should be first-class and first-class among the top priorities. And its structure should be early, probably second to none.
Dule Temple covers an area of 1.65 million square meters. It is a spectacular ancient temple complex composed of buildings such as Shanmen, Guanyin Pavilion, Wei Tuo Pavilion and Qianlong Palace.
The mountain gate, the gate of Dule Temple, is solemn, noble and full of vitality. It is about 10 meter high, three rooms wide and two rooms deep, with a main hall passage in the middle, corresponding to Guanyin Pavilion. There is a plaque hanging in the middle of the door, and the big characters of Dule Temple are regular script. It is said that it was written by Yan Song, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty. On both sides of the middle doorway, there are statues of dharma protectors, which are bright-eyed and solemn and vivid, commonly known as the two generals of Huma and Ha, and are the initial objects of the unified reconstruction of Liao country in the second year. The roof structure of the mountain gate is five ridges and four slopes, which is called palace roof in architecture. The eaves of the gate are shaped like spreading wings and leaping outward. The eaves are far-reaching and slow, magnificent, quiet and smooth. The tile decoration above the roof is exotic, vivid, simple and unique. The kiss at both ends of the main ridge of the mountain gate turned inward, and the mouth opened and swallowed the ridge, which looked like a pheasant flying. Powerful and vivid, it is the earliest existing kiss modeling object in China. The mountain gate of Dule Temple is the earliest existing roof gate in China. It has a strong architectural style of the Tang Dynasty.
Entering the courtyard after crossing the mountain gate, Guanyin Pavilion is behind the Millennium Cooper, which is the main building of Dule Temple.
Guanyinge, a pavilion-style wooden multi-storey building, is vigorous and simple, with exquisite design and simple and superb technology. The top is a nine-ridge rest mountain style, which is warm and far-reaching. It is 23 meters high and has a fence around the waist. The four characters of Guanyin Pavilion, which are gilded on the upper eaves in front of Guanyin Pavilion, are said to have been written by Li Bai when he traveled to Youzhou in the first year of Tang Su. Round eaves became the topic of Emperor Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. The algae wells on each floor of the exhibition hall are different in shape and patchwork, which not only reflects the diversity and artistry of the building, but also resists the lateral pressure and enhances the stability of the building. The appearance of Guanyin Pavilion is two layers, actually three layers, with a dark layer in the middle, which plays a dual role of decoration and reinforcement. In architecture, all buildings adopt complex bucket arch structure, and tens of thousands of tenons and mortises are engaged with each other, so that thousands of beams, beams, columns, purlins and rafters are built into a close whole. There are as many as 24 kinds of bucket arches with tenons only, because of their different positions, functions and functions.
Wang Qiheng, a professor at the School of Architecture of Tianjin University, said: Most people understand that the bucket arch is cut into pieces, but in fact it is a whole. In the whole building, it is the strongest part, equivalent to the current seismic ring beam, but it is flexible. It has horizontal rigidity, and the tenons and rivets between arches can deform and absorb a lot of energy, which are the reasons for its earthquake resistance. Its structural form can withstand nearly 30 large-scale earthquakes in history, and it is safe and sound. The characteristics of many structures in it are a treasure house for us to study earthquake-resistant buildings.
The central patio of Guanyin Pavilion runs through from top to bottom, and it is strewn at random, forming a space to enlarge the image of cone ring. The top is octagonal, the top is hexagonal and the bottom is rectangular. There is a wooden base of Mount Sumi in the middle, and the main statue of Guanyin stands 16 meters high and leans forward slightly. The whole structure is orderly, freely distributed and extremely flexible, which shows the superb skills and wonderful design level of ancient Chinese wooden buildings.
The statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva stands in the center of the pavilion, with a height of16m. It stood on Sumitomo, crossed the second and third platforms, and went straight to the algae top in the pavilion. It is the largest clay sculpture in China at present. The statue is made of wood and covered with thin plaster and colored plastic. It has a kind face, a slight smile, eyes staring at the distance, decent clothes, gorgeous and dignified, elegant arms and elegant manners. Because there are 10 small Buddha heads on the top of the head, it is called Eleven Guanyin.
On both sides, the Bodhisattva stood in a solemn posture. Eleven avalokitesvara statues of Bodhisattva, which come down in one continuous line with the paintings of ladies in Tang Dynasty, are the treasures of sculpture art in Liao Dynasty.
Behind the statue of Guanyin Bodhisattva is an inverted Guanyin statue built at the end of Yuan Dynasty, which separates Wei Tuo from Guan Yu. In the meantime, it is accompanied by a cloud-like pattern, which makes the group images seem to sway in the sea of clouds.
Around the pavilion, the murals of Guanyin Pavilion, painted in Yuan Dynasty and redrawn in Ming Dynasty, have a total length of 45 meters and a total area of 14285 square meters, which are colorful and seamless. It was covered all the time, but it was discovered by accident when repairing the wall at 1972. Since then, this artistic treasure that has been hidden for more than 200 years has reappeared in front of the world. The murals of Guanyin Pavilion are mainly figures with rich backgrounds, including clouds, mountains and sea water, and are painted with images of sixteen arhats and two Ming kings and folk fairy tales. The main image is rigorous in modeling, fluent in brushwork, rough in painting, concentrated in essence, sparse in structure and clear in complexity, which is rare in ancient painting rules and occupies a special position in Buddhist murals in China.
Three meters behind the pavilion, an octagonal pavilion was added in the late Ming Dynasty. There was a statue of Wei Tuo in it. He wore armor and folded his hands.
The Qianlong Palace, located in the northeast corner of the courtyard, was built in the 18th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty in A.D. 1753. It was a resting place for the Qing emperors to worship Dongling. Now it has become a forest of steles, with 28 wall steles of Emperor Qianlong engraved with 65,438+007 poems. Most of them are original calligraphers copied by Emperor Qianlong, and occasionally there are letters from this romantic emperor. The calligraphy used, some rough and vigorous, some round and beautiful, with different styles and characteristics, has become an ancient monument.
Dule Temple Tower is located 380 meters south of Dule Temple and 30.6 meters high. It is an octagonal pavilion, which consists of three parts: tower foundation, tower body and tower tip. The tower foundation is made of white granite strips, which is in the style of Mount Sumi, symbolizing that the Buddha statue is located on Mount Sumi. The tower body is carved with wooden bucket arches, double railings, lotus flowers and other decorations. The octagon is decorated with eight brick pagodas, which are exquisitely designed, vivid in shape and have a strong legacy of the Tang Dynasty. The spire has thirteen circles of sheave, and the spire goes straight to the top, which is magnificent.
Dule Temple has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain and 28 earthquakes, and there are major hidden dangers of structural deformation. 1990, National Cultural Heritage Administration decided to overhaul Dule Temple for 8 years as a national key project. Although the renovated Dule Temple still looks unremarkable, it is this maintenance principle that makes the maintenance project of Dule Temple create a model for the maintenance of ancient buildings in China.
Today, Dule Temple is welcoming guests from all corners of the country and tourists from all directions, telling people a long history and showing the charm of Tang and Liao Dynasties.