Shen, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, and a research team from the Department of Epidemiology, Global Health Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University led the research in several universities in China and published it in the journal Cancer Research, a subsidiary of the American Cancer Research Group. The researchers constructed polygenic gene risk scores (PRS) of 20 cancer domains, and selected 44250 1 person microbial template information content from the British biological sample database, and innovatively evaluated the association between polygenic gene risk scores (CPRS) of the whole cancer and cancer risk.
Cancer is the most critical cause of death in the world, and it is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. "In the past, genetic research has found that some gene domains or DNA regions can cause special changes, thus endangering cancer risk. Based on this, I can make a humanized assessment of my cancer risk. As we all know, previous studies mainly focused on individual cancers, and how to construct a comprehensive index value for predicting and analyzing the overall genetic risk of cancer is still unclear. " Zhu Meng, the first author of the graduation thesis and an associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology, Global Health Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter.
Zhu Meng pointed out that previous studies show that more than 40% of cancer cases and deaths can be attributed to unhealthy lifestyles, and individuals with high genetic risk can reduce the risk of breast cancer, rectal cancer and colorectal cancer according to the choice of healthy lifestyle. But it is not clear whether it is reasonable to maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce the overall risk of cancer.
Based on this, the elite team used the results of the whole gene relationship research data to construct PRS of 20 kinds of cancer domains, and took the cancer prevalence rate in the British biological sample bank as the weight to create CPRS for men and women according to gender. On this basis, the biological characteristics of the British biological sample bank are selected to calculate the CPRS of each individual, and finally the correlation between CPRS and cancer risk is evaluated.
In the study, the research team composed the subjects' "smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), energy theme activities and dietary structure elements" into an evaluation and management system to comment on the actual effect of healthy lifestyle on cancer prevention among people with different genetic risks.
Everyone defines a healthy lifestyle as not smoking or quitting smoking for more than 30 years; Do not drink; The body mass index of all normal subjects is18.5-30; At least 75 minutes of excessive exercise per week or 150 minutes of moderate compressive strength fitness exercise or equivalent exercise; Eat more fruits, vegetables and fruits, whole wheat bread, cereals and fish, and eat less pointed meat to produce processed meat.
It was found that the PRS of 20 kinds of cancers were not related to each other, and almost all of them were related to the cancer risk in special locations. More than 97% people are susceptible to at least one kind of cancer. "This means that almost everyone is susceptible to at least one kind of cancer," Zhu Meng explained.
Among them, compared with subjects with low genetic risk, the overall cancer risk of men with mild to moderate or relatively high genetic risk increased by 27% and 9 1% respectively, and that of women increased by 2 1% and 62% respectively.
Further research shows that genetic and lifestyle factors have synergistic harm to the overall cancer risk. Zhu Meng introduced in detail that compared with people with low genetic risk and healthy lifestyle, the cancer risk of men with high genetic risk and unhealthy lifestyle increased by 65,438 0.99 times, and that of women increased by 65,438 0.38 times.
In the genetic high-risk population identified by CPRS, if a healthy lifestyle is adopted, the standardized five-year cancer prevalence rate of men will drop from 7.23% to 5.5 1%, and that of women will drop from 5.77% to 3.69%.
The index CPRS, which can be used to quantitatively analyze the overall cancer genetic risk, is established, and it is proved that almost everyone is a high-risk group of cancer, and a healthy lifestyle can reduce the overall cancer risk. Zhu Meng believes that it is particularly important to reduce the cancer risk of the general population by improving diet, keeping healthy and controlling the trade of cigarettes and alcohol.