John Locke put forward a new education system with harmonious development of morality, intelligence and physique for the first time in the history of modern education, and wrote a new chapter in the history of world education. After summing up Montaigne's educational thought and absorbing Milton's practical education theory, Locke established the theoretical system of gentleman education on the basis of predecessors' ideological data. His educational work is Random Talk on Education (also translated as Home School).
John Locke (1632 1704) was a famous British political thinker, philosopher and educational thinker in the 7th century.
Locke was born in Arlington, England, and received a strict education since childhood. He is brilliant and has a wide range of interests. From 65438 to 0646, Locke received the basic training of traditional classical literature at Westminster School. 1652 During Cromwell's administration, Locke went to Oxford University to study philosophy, natural science and other courses, and lived there for 15 years. Locke received his bachelor's degree in 1656 and his master's degree in 1658. Later, he worked as a Greek and philosophy teacher at Oxford University. At the age of 36, he was elected to the Royal Society. In the meantime, he and the famous chemist Robert? Boyle is close. He is also interested in medicine. He has a bachelor's degree in medicine, but he only practices medicine occasionally.
Locke met Count shaftesbury in 1996 and became his friend and assistant. During this period, Locke began to write the most important philosophical work in his life, The Theory of Human Rationality. 1675, Locke left England to live in France for three years, met many important thinkers, and later returned to the count as a secretary. 1682, the Earl of shaftesbury fled to Holland because he was involved in a failed rebellion, and Locke also went with him. The count died in the second year, and Locke remained unknown in Holland until 1688 glorious revolution.
Locke returned to London in, and his Theory of Human Rationality was published in 1690. In his later years, Locke devoted most of his energy to the book The Theory of Human Rationality, but at this time he also met Isaac? Several scientists, including Newton. Locke was unmarried and died suddenly in London on 1704.
John Locke put forward a new education system with harmonious development of morality, intelligence and physique for the first time in the history of modern education, and wrote a new chapter in the history of world education. His educational work is Random Talk on Education (also translated as Home School). At the same time, he was also the first person to comprehensively expound the constitutional democratic thought, which had an important influence on philosophy and politics.
Locke believes that the ideal person is a person who combines morality, health and talent. Only pay attention to sports, children will become sad, Luf only pay attention to talent, children will become weak and sick, or become a villain in society; But if we only emphasize moral education, children will become cowards, and such people are useless to society and human beings. Therefore, children's education should be fully developed in three aspects.
Locke advocates training young people to be gentlemen with strong physique, certain knowledge, talent, elegant attitude and good at handling all kinds of affairs. This kind of education should start from three aspects: morality, intelligence and physique.
Locke attached great importance to health education and put forward that a healthy body is the only way to have a healthy spirit. If we want to work and be happy, we must have health first. To this end, he put forward a set of suggestions to keep healthy. For example, he thinks that children should do more outdoor activities, breathe fresh air, exercise more, sleep more, take less medicine, and their clothes should not be too warm or too tight; He advocates a light diet and thinks that the best food for children is cattle (milk n m 4 I), porridge, bread, vegetables and fruits. Children should exercise hard when lying (in bed), so as to cultivate children into strong, brave and determined people.
Locke also has a clear idea about moral education. He believes that the main task of moral education is to cultivate personality, exercise will, form noble morality and strictly observe the habit of discipline. He believes that moral education is the soul of gentleman education, and possessing ideal virtues can make individuals happy and contribute to the success of his career.
Locke put forward that a gentleman must have four moral qualities: rationality, etiquette, wisdom and courage. To cultivate rationality is to be able to control and dominate oneself, restrain oneself and obey the guidance of rationality.
The cultivation of etiquette is to let children learn manners, manners and manners, understand the world, be polite, elegant and friendly.
The cultivation of wisdom refers to the cultivation of a kind of ability, which makes people have the ability, foresight and be good at handling specific affairs, and cultivates children to be frank, fair and intelligent.
Locke believes that courage and perseverance are the basic virtues of a gentleman and the product of a truly valuable person. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate children's courage from an early age, that is, to cultivate their brave spirit, so that they can endure pain, overcome cowardice and fragility, and be resolute, decisive and brave.
Locke advocates that parents should set an example and demonstrate when moral education is given to their children. We should fully practice good behavior and make it a habit; Reasoning with children, children should also be rewarded, including respect, praise and praise, but Locke opposes corporal punishment. It is believed that punishment should be avoided as far as possible, but the necessary blame and reprimand can also be retained, but it cannot dampen the child's self-esteem.
In intellectual education, Locke emphasized the cultivation of children into learned people. He advocates not only imparting knowledge to students in various ways to increase their knowledge, but also cultivating their independent thinking ability, argumentation and generalization ability and systematic thinking ability through education. He thinks that correct thinking is more valuable than knowing more. What deserves attention is Locke's opinion on establishing a manual labor class. He asked students to acquire skills and skills through various skill courses, and master certain practical ((fuck cāo)cāo) skills such as carpentry, gardening and agriculture.
Regarding the method of intellectual education, Locke believes that the key is to let children (love) good knowledge and respect knowledge, and to let students adopt appropriate methods to seek knowledge, improve themselves and improve their knowledge.
In terms of educational methods, he attaches great importance to children's age characteristics, emphasizes the educational role of demonstration and environment, and opposes simple preaching. He said: No matter what lessons are given to the child, no matter how smart and elegant training is given to him every day, it is the companions around him who can influence his behavior the most and are the role models of his guardians. He advocates that we must cultivate children's habits in a planned and step-by-step manner with gentle language, patient attitude and gentle persuasion, and remember to blame and reprimand children simply and rudely without expression, so as not to hurt their fragile and immature hearts and growing self-esteem. The cultivation of habits should not be rushed. Only when a good habit is cultivated can another habit be cultivated. Cultivating several habits at the same time will lead to raw food, but it will bring difficulties to future education. Under no circumstances can teachers tolerate or accommodate children's bad habits, laziness and willfulness.