Li Daoyuan (466 or 472-527), who lived in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was born in a bureaucratic family in Fanyang County (now Gaobeidian City, Hebei Province) and was a hereditary Yongning Hou. In order to write notes about water mirrors, he read more than 400 books, consulted all the maps, studied a large number of cultural relics, and personally went to the field to check the records in the books. Water mirror has 65,438+037 rivers and 65,438+100,000 words. After Li Daoyuan's annotation, the number of river maps increased to 1252, with * * * 300,000 words, 20 times more than the original. The book describes the origin and flow direction of rivers, the physical geography and economic geography of each basin, as well as volcanoes, hot springs and water conservancy projects. This book is beautiful and vivid, and it can also be said to be a literary work. Because of its great value in the history of China's scientific and cultural development, many scholars in the past dynasties specially studied it and formed "Sydney". Pei Songzhi's Notes on the History of the Three Kingdoms, Liu's Notes on Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and Shan Li's Notes on Selected Works. Li Daoyuan, known as the "four great annotators", attached great importance to field investigation and research when annotating water mirrors. At the same time, he also looked at many predecessors' works and many detailed maps. According to statistics, Li Daoyuan consulted 437 kinds of books when he wrote Notes on Shui Jing. After a long and arduous effort, Li Daoyuan finally finished his famous book "Notes on Water Classics". Notes on Water Classics * * * has forty volumes (the original book lost five volumes in the Song Dynasty, and it is still forty volumes today, which was adapted by later generations), with more than 300,000 words, which is an unprecedented geographical masterpiece at that time. It is nominally an annotation to the water mirror, but in fact it is a re-creation on the basis of the water mirror. The book describes 1252 rivers, nearly 1000 more than the original, and the text has increased by more than 20 times. The content is much richer than the original water classic. Zhu's writing style is different from Hehe's geography. It takes waterway as the key link, describes the geographical situation of various places in detail, and creates a new form of ancient comprehensive geographical works. Shui Jing Zhu covers a wide range. Geographically speaking, although Li Daoyuan lived in the period of confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties, he did not confine his vision to a corner ruled by the Northern Wei Dynasty, but seized the natural phenomenon of rivers and waterways and made a detailed record of the national geographical situation. Not only that, the book also talks about some foreign rivers, which shows that the author is also very concerned about foreign geography. In terms of content, the book not only describes the hydrological conditions of rivers in detail, but also comprehensively describes other natural phenomena in each basin, such as geology, landforms, soil, climate, folk customs of products, the rise and fall of cities, historical sites, myths and legends, etc. Therefore, Biography of Water Mirror is the first comprehensive and systematic geographical work written by China before the 6th century. It is of great reference value to the study of ancient history and geography of China. Notes on Water Classics is a geographical masterpiece with great scientific value, and it is also a unique travel note of mountains and rivers. With full enthusiasm, vigorous writing and delicate language, Li Daoyuan vividly described the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and showed his love and praise for the motherland. Li Daoyuan wrote a lot in his life, including Notes on Water Mirror, Thirteen Records and Seven Covenants. However, only the notes about the water mirror have been handed down. Li Daoyuan (466 or 472-527), living in the Northern Wei Dynasty, was born in a bureaucratic family in Fanyang County, and loved to visit when he was a child. Later, when he became an official, he traveled all over the country. Every time he visited places of interest, he also carefully surveyed the topography of the water surface and learned about coastal geography, landforms, soil, climate, people's production and life, and regional changes. He found that the ancient geography book "Water Mirror" lacked accurate records of the ins and outs of large and small rivers. However, due to the changes of the times and the rise and fall of cities, some rivers were diverted and renamed, but they were not supplemented and explained in the book. Li Daoyuan then personally annotated the water mirror. Li Daoyuan, Zi Ziliang, was an ancient geographer and essayist in China. Attack Yongning Hou first, and the case will be reduced to Bo. Li Biao, the assistant commander of the suggestion, wrote a decree in Daoyuan, and cited it as a book to help the suggestion. Biaoyou is played as a servant, and Daoyuan is relieved of his official position. Jingmingzhong is a Jizhou town with a long history. The secretariat is very strong and obedient to the queen's father. The west is Guanzhong, and it has not yet reached the state. Daoyuan acted for three years. The government is harsh, officials are afraid, and traitors flee to other places. After trying to defend Luyang County, Daoyuan issued a statement advocating persuasion. Zhao said: "Luyang was originally a barbarian, and there was no college student. Listen to it now, so as to be a good man and keep Wen Weng. " Daoyuan is in the county seat, and the mountain is quite famous. I dare not be a coach. Yan Changzhong, as the secretariat of East Jingzhou, was a powerful politician, as in Jizhou. The barbarian told me that he had invited Kouzuli, the former secretariat. And sent Daoyuan back to Beijing with 70 garrison soldiers, and the two were relieved of their duties. After that, He Nanyin. Ming Di changed the towns of Woye, Huai Shuo, Bo Gu, Wuchuan, Fuming, Rouxuan, Huang Huai and Yuyi into states, and its county, county and garrison were named as ancient cities. Zhao Daoyuan holds the festival and serves as assistant minister of Huangmen. Chiyi and Li Chong, the viceroy, should set up a position and cut their future. Towns will rebel, but they will return in vain. At the beginning of Xiaochang, Liang sent generals to attack Yangzhou, and Yuan Mu rebelled in Pengcheng. Zhao Daoyuan kept the festival, served as a servant, took photos of Taiwan officials, saved the armies, and shot Li Ping's story according to the servant. Liang Jun went to Yang Guo, but failed. There are many gains from the recovery of Daoyuan. After the suggestion, lieutenant. Tao Element is called Meng Yan, and Quan Hao is afraid of it. But it can't be corrected, and its reputation is even worse. Alice and Ruyue have a good relationship and often sleep together. And the election of state officials is mostly because of reading. Often sleep in seclusion and come home. Daoyuan came to see me secretly, took my thoughts and sent me to prison. Queen Yue Qiling, please read your mind and forgive me. Daoyuan did his best because he was satisfied with it. At that time, the secretariat of Yongzhou was slightly exposed, and the assistant minister and Chengyang Wang was jealous of Daoyuan, and was sent as a close friend ambassador on the grounds of satirizing the court. Bao was worried about Daoyuan's self-interest and sent a physician to surround Daoyuan at the Yinpan Post Station. The pavilion is on the mountain and often eats wells under the mountain. Now we are surrounded. Without water, we can't cross the well more than ten feet. The water bent as hard as it could, and the thief climbed over the wall and went in. Daoyuan and his brother Daoque were both killed. Knife scolds thieves, sharp death. Baoyu sent his father and son to Chang 'an East. Things were peaceful, and the funeral was also given to Shangshu of the official department, the secretariat of Jizhou and the Duke of Anding County. Daoyuan was eager to learn and read strange books, and wrote 40 volumes of Water Mirror, with 0/3 articles in this journal/kloc. It is also a "seven hires", and all articles are in the world. However, brothers don't get along and are too jealous.