Cavendish laboratory is equivalent to the physics department of Cambridge University. Cambridge University was established in 1209 with a long history, and Cavendish Laboratory was established in 187 1.
The great discovery of Cavendish's laboratory not only broke through the framework of classical atomism, but also changed the concept of matter for more than 2,000 years, extended the change of concept to the genetic mechanism of biological matter, and laid the foundation for electromagnetic theory, gas conductivity theory, electrical structure theory of matter, X-ray crystal physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, molecular biology, radio astronomy, surface physics and condensed matter physics, so most of them are of epoch-making significance.
These achievements show the importance of Cavendish laboratory in the development of modern science.
Second, Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory.
When it comes to Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory in the Netherlands, we have to mention its founder, KamerlinghOnnes, a cryophysicist. On September 2, Kloc-0/853 was born in Groningen, the Netherlands, and on February 2, Kloc-0/died in Leiden, the Netherlands. He won the 19 13 Nobel Prize in Physics for making liquid helium and discovering superconductivity.
Due to the excellent leadership and management of the physics laboratory of Leiden University, the laboratory became the center of low temperature research in the world at the beginning of this century. Other research projects in the laboratory include thermodynamic observation, radioactivity law, optics and electromagnetic phenomena, such as fluorescence and phosphorescence, rotation of polarization plane in magnetic field, absorption spectrum of crystals in magnetic field, Hall effect, dielectric constant, and especially the resistance of metals.
Lawrence Berkeley radiation laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley Radiation Laboratory has long paid attention to the research in the field of high energy physics. At present, the main research fields are nuclear physics, high-energy physics, nuclear chemistry, biology and medicine, molecular science and basic research of materials science.
In recent years, a lot of research has been done in analyzing environmental problems and developing new energy technologies, especially geothermal energy, fossil fuels, solar energy and nuclear fusion.
For more than 50 years, the laboratory has been in an advantageous position in scientific research of many disciplines and won a high reputation internationally. The researchers in this room have won the Nobel Prize nine times. Plutonium, zirconium, californium, polonium, holmium, actinium and technetium are all found in this room. This room also played an important role in the discovery of americium and americium.
Four. Imperial Institute of Technical Physics
Germany's Imperial Institute of Technical Physics was built in 1884, which is equivalent to Germany's National Bureau of Metrology and is famous for accurately measuring thermal radiation. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, researchers in this institute devoted themselves to the study of blackbody radiation, which led Planck to discover the action quantum. It can be said that this laboratory is the birthplace of quantum theory.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) British National Physics Laboratory
National Physical Laboratory (NPL) The British National Physical Laboratory is a long-standing research center for measurement standards in Britain, which was established in 1900. The year of 198 1 is divided into six departments: electrical science, material application, mechanics and optical metrology, numerical analysis and computer science, quantum metrology, radiation science and acoustics. It also advises the government on environmental protection issues, such as noise, electromagnetic radiation and air pollution.
6. European Centre for Nuclear Research
Established in 1954, CERN is a huge international experimental organization. 1983, W and Z0 particles were found here. The following year, two physicists in the center, Lu Biya and Vandermeyer, won the Nobel Prize in physics. This research center has two international research institutes.