The basic requirements of reciting are: using Mandarin; Correct and standardized pronunciation and intonation requires correct pronunciation, proper pause, natural sound quality and moderate volume. The intonation should be moderate in height, strength and speed. The voice is fluent and coherent, and there is no missing, dropping, unchanged, inverted or repeated words. ; Have feelings, full of feelings, clear rhythm, and properly convey the author's feelings.
When choosing reading materials, we should pay attention to the following questions:
1, highlighting the sense of the times. The selected works should be full of the flavor of the times and arouse the audience's strong thoughts and feelings.
2. Pay attention to the occasion. The choice of materials must consider the occasion. At the Mid-Autumn Festival party, reciting "The Moon is the Round in My Hometown" to celebrate Teachers' Day and reciting "Bouquets for Teachers" will certainly have a good effect.
3. Focus on the goal. Different people have to read different works. You can't read the same work to everyone. You can't recite "To the Oak Tree" for primary school students, and you can't recite "Dad's Teacher" for college students.
4. consider your own characteristics. Personal characteristics, such as temperament and voice, should also be considered in selecting materials.
If you want to get good grades in recitation, you must adjust your state. Too nervous and tongue-tied; Excessive slack, listless; Pursuing skills and ignoring content; Few varieties and single color will seriously affect the effect of reciting. Whether the state of recitation is correct or not is an important link in the success or failure of recitation, which should arouse our sufficient attention. What is the correct state of reciting?
1, confident and proactive;
2. concentrate on your work;
3, the brains are tempted and I feel it myself;
4. Read slowly and rely on yourself;
5, the whole body is relaxed and the voice is free.
Recitation is a re-creation based on a deep understanding of the works, and its success is inseparable from some specific performance skills, such as pause, stress, tone and rhythm.
1, pause. Pause in recitation is not only the physiological need of breathing, but also the need of expression and expression. Generally speaking, there are three kinds of pauses: grammatical pause, logical pause and emotional pause. Grammatical pause is basically consistent with paragraphs and punctuation marks, and logical pause is a pause that reveals the logic of thinking or the logical relationship between things. When expressing excited feelings, you can extend or shorten the time of grammar pause. This pause is also an emotional pause.
2. Stress. Stress refers to the phenomenon that some words in a sentence are heavily read when reading. Generally, it is reflected by increasing the intensity and intensity of sound. Pressure usually falls into two categories:
(1) Grammatical stress. According to the characteristics of grammatical structure, the stressed sound does not express special thoughts and feelings. Its position in a sentence is fixed, such as predicates in short sentences, attributives without possessive cases, general adverbials, complements indicating results or degrees, etc. In addition, demonstrative pronouns and interrogative pronouns are often stressed.
(2) Stress. A sound that is stressed to express special thoughts and feelings is also called logical stress or emotional stress. It has no fixed rules, but is dominated by many factors such as language environment, content, emotion and rhetoric. But in sentences, contrastive words, figurative words, exaggerated words and affirmative words usually emphasize stress when reading. The same sentence, with different emphasis, emphasizes different stress. The stress in a sentence can be one word, several words or even the whole sentence. Emphasis stress is stronger than grammatical stress to highlight the parts that need to be emphasized. When there is stress in a sentence, grammatical stress naturally disappears.
3. Tone. The thoughts and feelings of the works appeal to literary talent, and the thoughts and feelings of recitation appeal to the sound atmosphere. In recitation, the overall color is reflected in the tone, and the specific color is reflected in the tone. The color of tone is not smeared by the reciter at will, but the positive movement of concrete thoughts and feelings inside the sentence, which is revealed in the change of sound and breath. For example-
The feelings of love are generally "soft". Tone causes tenderness, let go and take a deep breath.
The unpleasant feeling is generally "angry and hard". The timbre causes a sense of squeezing, with a tight and narrow mouth and intense breath (that is, the flow is fierce and blocked).
Sad feelings are generally "heavy and slow". Tone and color create a sense of delay, the mouth is loaded and the breath is exhausted.
The feeling of happiness is generally "full of anger and high voice." Timbre and color cause a sense of jumping, and the mouth is like a canoe, and the breath seems endless.
The feeling of fear is generally "raising your voice and condensing". The timbre and color create a sense of tension, such as ice in the mouth and backward breath.
The feeling of desire is generally "angry and vocal." Tone and color create a sense of extension, mouth actively open, breathing smoothly.
The feeling of anxiety is generally "shortness of breath". The timbre causes a sense of urgency, the mouth is like a bowstring, the breath is like a shuttle, and the latitude and longitude are fast.
Cold feeling is generally "less gas and less sound". Tone and color cause cold feeling, lazy mouth and weak breath.
Angry emotions are generally "angry and loud". The timbre causes vibration, the mouth is like a drum, and the gas is like a rafter.
Suspicious feelings are generally "thin and sticky". Tone and color create a lingering feeling, the mouth wants to loosen and tighten, and the breath wants to connect and break.
4. rhythm. Rhythm refers to the cycle of sound forms in the process of reciting the whole work. The grasp of rhythm should be based on the whole work and the whole. First of all, we should consider the differences and connections between levels and paragraphs, and implement them in the cohesion and transformation of mood. Secondly, we should consider the strength and speed of the sound, but also consider the pause and transformation of sentences and so on. The application of rhythm in recitation should start with specific works, specific levels and specific thoughts and feelings.
It should be emphasized that the reciter must also pay attention to his body language during reading:
1, facial expression. The most important body language in recitation is facial expression. Eyes are the most important. Be sure to pay attention to your eyes when reciting. Be sure to look at the audience, communicate with them, and let them see your heart through their eyes. When you are happy, your eyes are bright and your eyes are kind; When I am disappointed, my eyes are dull and dim, full of frustration; When you express anger, your eyes are wide open. Looking directly at the other person's eyes is usually looking straight ahead. Sometimes you can look up (indicating tall arrogance), bow your head (indicating meditation shame), squint (indicating contempt), look around (indicating inquiry) and so on. Activities such as eyebrows, mouth, nose and facial muscles also have certain expression effects. For example, frowning indicates confusion and pain; Lips closed, indicating hesitation and confidentiality; Facial muscles are tense, indicating seriousness; Facial muscles relax, indicating excitement, etc. Facial expressions must conform to the emotional changes of the works.
2. Gestures. Proper use of gestures according to the needs of expression and expression in recitation can fully express the thoughts and feelings of the works, and at the same time avoid rigidity and enhance visibility.
3. Physical exercise. When reading, the body posture and movements should also change appropriately with the work. When reading aloud on the stage, you usually stand in a small T-step naturally. As your feelings change, you sometimes stand upright, sometimes lean forward, sometimes swing from side to side, and sometimes even walk from side to side.
Recitation mainly depends on vocal language, but the role of body language can not be ignored. Used well, it can attract, strengthen and confirm. But it must be moderate, natural, harmonious and beautiful.