190 1 year, emil adolf von behring, a German medical scientist, won the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of his research in serum therapy, especially his contribution in diphtheria treatment, which opened up a new way of research in the medical field, thus giving doctors a powerful weapon against disease and death.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded by karolinska institutet of Swedish Medical University (also known as Karolinska Medical College). According to the relevant articles of association of the Nobel Foundation, the Nobel Assembly of Caroline Medical College is responsible for the selection, which is composed of 50 elected professors of Caroline Medical College.