Guang Yun Festival

In the past, rhyme books were writing dictionaries that used rhyme to find poems. The origin of our early poems serves the creation of rhyming poems in the early times. Inspired by the introduction of Buddhism in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, China scholars invented the phonetic notation method of "tangent" in Sanskrit Sidtan, and created a new method to prepare rhyme. Rhyme is the earliest legend to leave school, so don't stand in the tribe when Lee Teng-hui's "Sound Category" is divided into ten volumes according to the "Sound Category" recorded in the seal script of the Tang Dynasty, and * * * receives the words 1 1520. Such as the first book of Yi, the specific appearance is unknown. The younger brother of the Western Jin Dynasty wrote a book called Yun Ji, which is divided into five volumes, namely, Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. This book has long been lost. Since then, rhyme books have emerged in an endless stream, especially when Nan Qi, Liang,, and others discovered the existence of four-tone China, which provided important conditions for the compilation of rhyme books. Needless to say, all kinds of rhymes are surging and interacting well. According to the records of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi and Qie Yin Xu, there are mainly the following rhyming books in the Southern and Northern Dynasties:

Forty volumes of Zhou Yun Studies.

Anonymous ten volumes of "Yun Ji"

Zhang knows the twenty-eight volumes of Four Rhymes Forest.

Duan's Ji Yun has eight volumes.

Wu Ming's Five Volumes of Jade Rules and Rhymes

"Xiaoyun" Volume in Yangguan

Li Yi's fourteen volumes of Xiuxu Phonology Doubt

Li Yi's Sound Spectrum: Four Volumes

Anonymous "Sound" Ten Volumes

After coming out of the mountain, rhyme notes refer to "rolling"

The Thirteen Volumes of Four Rhymes by Xiahou Yong

Static Flood Discharge Yunying Volume III

Zhou Huo Siyan's Phonology

Du Qingtai's Cloud Strategy

These are also lost rhyme books. What can be seen in the rhyme book now is "Qieyun" written by Sui in the oldest way. Qieyun was written in the first year of Renshou (AD 60 1 year), and its writing was based on the principle of trial, and was written by Yan Zhitui and Xiao, two famous rhymes. The purpose of writing this book is twofold: one is to provide a pronunciation dictionary, and the other is to check in the poet's rhyme book. According to the purpose of the past, it is necessary to discuss the similarities and differences between the north and the south of ancient and modern melodies, and strictly follow the principle of nuance, so the spirit of each field has to be separated, that is, in the Order, the land law should be "different if the enthusiasts are rewarded" because "the north and the south are wrong, the past and the present are all connected with plug-ins", "you choose and cut carefully, except for cutting to recuperate" and "analyzing small, millet is tired. From the latter point of view, this book can make some sounds. The poet wrote a poem with close rhymes, and a sentence in ""can be muddied from all directions for the sake of desire. Due to the high reputation, fine voice, authority and wide adaptability of the prose of Qieyun, Liuyun has lost its market and been submerged in obscurity since Qieyun. The rhyme book "Qieyun" inherits the advantages of the previous generation products and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of rhyme book writing, which is a milestone in the history of products.

In the Tang Dynasty, the rhyming book Qieyun became the standard of imperial examination, and its status was further improved. Therefore, many people add words to Qieyun, among which Ren Bishi's Magazine is absurd and full of Qieyun, and Tang Yun and Li Zhou's Qieyun are the main ones. Unfortunately, Qieyun and An Update of China have been lost for a long time, but today they can only be found in Dunhuang Grottoes, Turpan and the Forbidden City in the late Qing Dynasty, and most of them have continuous fragments.

These rhyme books are all from Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Turpan, except for two collections full of rhyme absurdity and Tang Yun by Jiang Axe published by the Palace Museum. From Dunhuang 1907- 1908, there are British imperialist robbers Stan Culture, Faberci and other foreign robbers. The cash from Stein's robbery was hidden in the London Museum Library, and Percy took the cash and hid it in the National Library of Paris. 1902, Hancock was stolen from Turpan by the Germans and hidden in the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin. There is also a "Qieyun" fragment of the Tang manuscript, which lives in the hands of the Japanese and is collected in the printed copy of Otani Guangrui's Archaeological Map of the Western Regions. In order to make these rhymes dissipate and return to the motherland, Chinese scholars have done a lot of collection and sorting work. 192 1 year Wang Guowei's first three episodes of London's "Jian Yun", according to the copied photos (that is, cut one, cut two, cut three). 1925, Peking University Liu Fu took him back to Paris to copy Ren Xiong's Absurd and Full of Charm (that is, the King) and included two prefaces of "Qieyun". 1936, Peking University, Luo Changpei and Wei saw their Qieyun and Tangyun, which were edited and published by Guang Yun. 1955, Mr. Jiang Liangfu's Twenty-seven Rhymes of Tang Poetry and Appendix G were compiled abroad, and his six old records were published. From 1983, Mr. Zhou Zumei started his collection. Starting from 1945, G recorded and compiled 30 kinds of rhymes, named "The Book of Stories and Rhymes in Tang Dynasty", which was photocopied and published by Zhonghua Book Company. There are detailed textual research and proofreading in the book, and so on.

Festival "Guang Yun" generation

In the Northern Song Dynasty, He Feng and others revised it according to the Emperor's Qieyun and China's Qieyun. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhenzong's reign in Jingdezhen (A.D. 1007) and the first year of Emperor Zhenzong's reign in Xiangfu (A.D. 1008), it was renamed as "Song Zhongxiu Guang Yun" or "Guang Yun" for short. This is the first official maintenance rhyme book, and it is also the most important update of Qieyun. Although it has been more than 400 years since Guang Yun was written, the phonetic system of Qieyun is basically the same as Qieyun, but the number of words collected has greatly increased to 26 194, compared with Qieyun (1 1000). In addition, "Guang Yun" has more rhymes 13 than "Qieyun", which is a wide thickness, not what changes will be made to the phonetic system. This rhymes with 13:

(Ping) ( 1) (Go) (Enter)

Late stage of Yan Qiang quasi-quasi-quasi-quasi-slow operation

Gui ge Guo Guo

Among them, the rising tone and falling tone are stronger, and the rhyme is based on the enhancement in Sung Jae Lee Renxiong's "Filling the Rhyme with Errors". The rest of 1 1 rhyme is mostly because "cutting rhyme" contains some independent results of turning on and off single rhyme. The following is the corresponding situation:

"Qieyun" and "Guang Yun"

(Ping) (1) (to) (middle) (Ping) (1) (to) (middle) Really, really achieve first-class quality (openness).

Quasi-quasi-quasi-quasi-operation (estuary)

Cold, drought, winter drought, cold and cold camp (open)

Huan slowly changes at the end (closes her mouth)

A song Gogge month (public)

Ge Guotai (Hekou)

Guang Yun has been circulated since it was written, while Qieyun and China People's Renewal have gradually disappeared. It was not until the late Qing Dynasty that people saw "cutting rhyme" all the time. Because Guang Yun in the preface of "Cut Rhyme" and "Tang Yunling" is not clear in paper and style, and the land law was put forward before "Tang Yunling", some scholars mistakenly think that "Guang Yun" is "cut rhyme" or "Tang rhyme", and the title of "Tang" in "As Always" sounds like a problem reflected in five books.

Although "Guang Yun" is "rhyme", its rhyme has not changed, so the complete "rhyme" has not been discovered before, and it has become the most important material for studying ancient sounds. In addition, the study of ancient and modern sounds also needs "Guang Yun" backward deduction. In the history of phonology, Guang Yun once played a role because of the research style of Shuowen Jiezi.

The role of "wide cloud.

Third, the writing style of important historical figures Guangyun can be summarized as the following:

1, Guang Yun received 26, 194, which belongs to the second rhyme. These two verses are placed step by step in five volumes with four tones. 57 Pingshou rhyme, Volume 1, Volume 2; The upper 55 rhymes, the lower 60 rhymes, and the rhyme becomes 34 rhymes, which are placed in the third, fourth and fifth volumes. The two volumes at the phonetic level are completely because they belong to multiple words alone and have no other intention. Those who live in its rhyme 28 volumes are called Pingsheng; Living in 29 rhymes is called the second volume level tone.

Second, each volume listed with rhyme feet in the name of the representative of each word is called "rhyme head". Sort the rhyme and ordinal prefix, saying that it is one of the east, the second winter and the third clock.

Third, every word has a rhyme, which is arranged by different letters. Because Chinese is called Xiaoyun and Xiaoyun is also called new york, each rhyme is abbreviated as homophone. There is a small rhyme "○" between them.

4. The meaning of the first word in Xiaoyun's first note, then tangent to Pinyin, and the last number indicates the number of words Xiaoyun contains. This section, on the first page (copy), says "Three Bell Classics" and "Song Rhyme", which should have detailed details.

Fourth, "Guang Yun" and

Tones in Guang Yun are divided into four categories, which does not mean that each syllable has four tone categories, because there are only three types of rhymes for men and women, and only one tone becomes a rhyme category. The so-called level, until it is four rhymes, refers to the sound and input aspects of the three heroes matching. What is it because of the yin rhyme? Only three tones are leveled. Why mating males rhyme, rather than yin, can be proved from the following two aspects:

First, according to the observation of vowels, the structure and rhythm of yang rhyme have two consonants, but there is no yin rhyme. Yang Yun ends with [M], [N] and [N], and there are only three finals, namely [P], [T] and [k]. Where [P] and [M] have the same double lip sound, [T] has the same tongue sound and [n] has the same tongue root sound. Their pronunciations are the same, the only difference is the different pronunciation methods.

Second, by observing Ji Yun, we can know that Guang Yun has a rhyme of 35 males and 26 females, and a rhyme of 34 yin and yang. There is only one difference between several infiltrations and Yang Yun Yunyun. In fact, it's not bad. It should all be 35, because the input rhyme of "trace" is too independent to set blank rhyme, so they went to the rhyme rise of "soul" and "nothing" (from the rhyme point of view, this word can be divided into a similar rhyme). In addition, according to the corresponding rhymes of [m], [N], [N] [P], [T] and [k], we can see that they are very regular: Guang Yun's [M] rhyme is 9 and [P] rhyme is 9; The rhyme of [n] is 12, and the rhyme of [k] is also12; As rhyme [n], the numbers corresponding to rhyme [T] will be the same, but for the above reasons, rhyme [T] is smaller than rhyme [n], rhyme [n] is 14, and rhyme [T] becomes 13. Tone transcription notes of Qingdaizhen are as follows:

The entering tone of Guang Yun is homophonic and falling.

1 single room and building 1 single room delivery for separate use

If a bell is attached to the winter bell, it looks swollen. Song Yun has the same fertile candle clock.

There are three candles at the swelling.

4 Use the river alone and talk alone 3 4 Crimson feels lonely and four independent.

(more than three times, such as the sun with a flat rhyme, [-N] tail; Rhyme, the end of [-k]) and

Five kinds of grease paper and five kinds of like-minded greases

6 6 5 Target stopped

7 6 7 ft

9 fish/>; 8 micro-toot belt 8-language toot and nine-fish fish model

On the nights of 10 and 9, there were 10 cases using molds.

110101

12 for drunkenness1/kloc-0 for chestnuts 12 for jinjijiji.

13 It's not surprising that Thailand alone is as good as a crab. Use charts 15 and 12.

14 use 13 strange chop 16.

The gray of 15 Jueha is the same as that of 14 generation, and it is the same as that of 18 team 15 Haiha.

20 19 generation garbage

(More than three flat-panel stereos rhyme)

17 and 16 are used in combination. Authentic joint venture uses 2 1 example/>; 18 has the same mass as 5.

19 is shown with Tibetan rhyme, and deciduous teeth are shown with 7 combs of Yan rhyme.

20 18 The 23 Q value for one kiss is composed of eight separate words and things.

There are 9 to 24 special inflammations in 2 1 and 19 alone.

22 Ruan Yuanling mixed up 20 points and was very willing to be annoyed by the use of 10. Hate is not the same spirit.

23 1 1 2 1 26 mixed sadness is not.

24 Kyle 22 Han Zhaodi 27 Hate

25 23 Drought relief and use of the same 28 John Camp ended with 12.

26. Delete the deceased with the change of slow joy 24 13 29.

Use the same 30 exhortations, use 14 cunning Xia Jianshan, and use 28 3 1 26 15 to create a new horizontal tone.

On 1, the sound falls into the first sleet 16 32 27 for chip milling.

2 points 28 33 17 line monkey Xue

& gt (more than three times the level of the sun, end [-n]; Rhyme, [-t's tail)

3 Xiao Xiao and 34 use Xiao Xiao and 29.

Four nights with 30 smiles.

5 35 dishes 3 1 are smart and unique, including 36 individual effects.

No.6 Haohao and No.32 in No.37 Middle School are alone.

7 Gege uses 33 and 38 in the same fruit.

A total of more than 8.34 kudzu vines.

9: 39 horses alone, 35 horses alone, 40 sacrifices to the god of war alone.

(The increase is more than three times that of Yan Pingyun)

10 is used in combination with 36 Tang sheep, and 4 1 priest is used in combination with 18 medicine.

1 1 42 Dangdang Tang 37 19 Tudor

12 Geng tongyong 38 stems wheat planting and utilization in Ying Zheng Jin tongyong 43 Yong 20 Qian street

13 44 39 Geng Zhengqing

14 2 1 wheat 40 45 Jinjingxi 22

15 Ling Du is completely independent, with independent 4 1 channels, 46 tins and 23 independent steam logs.

16 and 42 together are equivalent to 47 calories, which is the same as 24 DT Gordon.

17 48 43 and other 25 big Germany.

(The increase is more than three times that of Yang, [-N] tail; Rhyme, the end of [-k])

18 thick scene, especially when using 44 thick dark green with 49 thick candidates.

19 45 50 roar BR />20 46 youyou 5 1 juvenile

(The increase is more than three times that of Yan Pingyun)

2 1 invade alone and sleep alone. 47 and 52 are dedicated to Ji Qin 26.

22 Tantami feels the same as combining 27 with 48 and 53.

Talk about him

24, salt plus 50 Yan Yan is the same honor as using 55 columns and 29 leaves.

25 5 1 Plus Honor 5630 Post

No.26 and No.52 salty windowsills meet the requirements of using No.57, and the difficulty is the same as 3 1-.

27 products, windowsill 58 53 32 gender

28 Jin Yanyan Christine 54 is used in conjunction with Tongding 59, Van Gogh and Tongque 33 industries.

Use (more than three times, like the sun's flat rhyme, [meter] tail; Cheng Yun, [-P] 57 tails)

Zhong Ping rhyme table; Rhyme 55, two square rhymes are missing, because the tone of "winter" rhyme and "Zhen" ceremony has no rhyme; To rhyme 60, it is better than the rhyme of the four wonders. The rhyme of Shao Fei's Pegasus is flat, that is, 60; It rhymes in 34 months, which rhymes with Sun's comparative sentence Xiao Zhuan.