Gu Kaizhi (about 3 15-406) was born in Wuxi, Jinling (now Jiangsu). He is good at painting portraits, Buddha statues, animals, landscapes and so on. He is called a genius, a painter and an idiot. He, Lu Tanwei and Zhang Sengyou are also called "three outstanding artists in painting". Several of his paintings have been handed down from generation to generation, such as "Women's Historical Treasures", "Luo Shen Fu Tu" and "Women's Benevolence and Wisdom Tu", among which Luo Shen Fu Tu is the largest. In addition, his artistic views such as "moving the mind" and "conveying the spirit with form" have great influence on later generations.

Lu Tanwei (? -about 485), Wu (Suzhou) people. His paintings were rated as the most contemporary by Chief Nanqi. But none of his paintings have been handed down now. Later generations called him and Gu Kaizhi the representative painters of "dense body".

Zhang Sengyou and Wu (Suzhou). He is good at portraits, painting Buddha statues and dragon eagles, and making scroll paintings and murals. The story of this idiom comes from the legend about him. Today, the original "Five Stars and Twenty-eight Hostels" copied by Liang Lingzan in the Tang Dynasty has been handed down from generation to generation and has been exported to Japan, but the pen and record of this painting are different. He had a great influence on later generations, and painters Yan and Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty were far away from him.

Xiao Yi (508-554) was born in Nanlanling (now Wujin, Jiangsu). According to records, he is good at drawing Buddhist paintings, deer cranes and landscape sketches, with comprehensive skills, especially good at drawing outsiders. Gongtu handed down from ancient times is a copy of the Northern Song Dynasty.

According to records, Cao Shan painted Buddhist paintings and clay sculptures, but no works have been handed down from generation to generation.

"Yang Zihua" is the only scroll painting handed down by Song Lin (now in Boston Museum), which is the only scroll painting we can see today.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Zhan Ziqian is good at painting figures, chariots and horses, pavilions and mountains and rivers, especially mountains and rivers. You Chuntu, now in the Palace Museum, is regarded as his masterpiece and the earliest scroll painting in existence.

Dong Boren was born in Runan (now Henan). Versatile, painting Buddha statues, figures, terraces, chariots and horses, and Zhan Ziqian entered the Sui Dynasty at the same time, also known as "Dong Zhan". Six of his paintings have been included in History of Zhenguan Public and Private Paintings and History of Xuanhe Paintings, and the paintings are lost today.

Zheng Fashi, a native of Wu (Suzhou). He was good at painting figures and terraces, and studied under Zhang Sengyou. He painted murals in many places, such as Haijue Temple in Shangdu. Twenty of his works have been included in the History of Zhenguan Public and Private Paintings and the History of Xuanhe Paintings, which have not been circulated so far.

Li Sixun (65 1-7 16) was born in Tianshui, Gansu, in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at painting green landscapes, influenced by Zhan Ziqian, and his brushwork is vigorous. His works include Sailing Pavilion and Huang Ming Hangshu, which are collected by the National Palace Museum.

Wang Wei (699-759), born in Qi County, Shanxi Province, is a famous poet who is good at painting figures, bamboos and landscapes. His masterpiece Wangchuan Villa is the latter. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works.

Zhang Xuan, a native of Suzhou, is good at painting landscapes, trees and stones, and is good at breaking ink, especially at painting pine. Legend has it that you can have both, one is a living branch and the other is a dead branch. No work has been handed down from generation to generation. However, his famous saying, "Naturally, it was made by foreign teachers, and the heart came from China", which had a great influence on later painting theories.

Yukime (649-7 13), a native of Fenyin, Zhou Pu (now southwest of Wanrong, Shaanxi), was the grandson of Wei Zheng, a famous minister. Famous for his calligraphy, he is also good at drawing figures, Buddha statues, birds and animals, strange trees and stones, especially cranes. His paintings have disappeared.

Cao Ba was born in Qiao County (now Bo County, Anhui Province). He is good at drawing horses and portraits. Today's paintings are no longer in circulation.

Han Gan, a native of Jing Zhao (Jin An), is good at drawing portraits, figures, ghosts and gods, especially horses. The existing works include the album "Horse Wrapping Map" of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, and the book "Night White Map" of the Metropolitan Museum of America. In addition, the old title "Han Gan Shen Jun Tu" was collected in the Liaoning Provincial Museum, and now it is designated as a five-generation manuscript.

Wei Yan, a native of Chang 'an (now Xi), is good at painting figures, pommel horses and landscapes. Today, we can know the style of Li's Imitation of Wei Yanmu in the Palace Museum.

Bian Luan was born in Jingzhao (now Xi 'an). He is good at drawing broken flowers and birds, and also good at drawing bees and butterflies, which plays an important role in the process of independent flower and bird painting. There is a picture of tea and snow finches in Meihua Mountain handed down from ancient times, which was recorded in the famous paintings of Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Diao Guangyin (about 852-935) was born in Chang 'an (now Xi). He is good at drawing dragon water, bamboo stones, flowers and birds, etc. I have been diligent in painting all my life, mostly flowers and birds. He was a famous painter of the Five Dynasties, Huang Quan, and taught his art personally. The Sketch Book handed down from ancient times has been designated as a work in disguise.

Song dynasty in five dynasties

Zhou Wenju was born in Jurong (now Jiangsu). The glazed hall in the flyer museum looks like a replica of the Qing Dynasty.

Gu is the only work handed down from ancient times, and its ancestral home is in the south of the Yangtze River.

Guan Xiu (832-9 12) was born in Lanxi, Wuzhou (now Zhejiang). Good at poetry, calligraphy and painting, painting inherited Yan's style, and later became everyone. Handed down works include Sixteen Arhats, a copy of the Song Dynasty in Gao Tai Temple, Kyoto, Japan.

Xu Xi was born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He is good at drawing flowers and birds, fish, fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, the original is gone. The pictures of snow bamboo collected by Shanghai Museum are considered to reflect the style of Xu Xi.

Huang Quan (903-965) was born in Chengdu. The Palace Museum has a volume of Sketch of Rare Birds handed down from ancient times.

Hao Jing, whose name is Haoran, was born in Qinshui (present-day Shaanxi) and was a painter of the Back Beam in the Five Dynasties. Kuang Lu Tu, now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, is said to be his work.

Colleague Guan Tong is from Chang 'an (now Xi 'an). In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was also called "Three Scenes" with Li Cheng and Fan Kuan. Handed down from ancient times, there are "Travel Map of Guanshan" and "Mountain Stream Waiting for Crossing", both of which are in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Gan, a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing), is good at painting landscapes, trees and buildings. The First Snow on the River, now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, is his only work.

Dong Yuan (? -962), whose real name is Shu Da, was born in Zhong Ling (now northwest of Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province). The existing original works include the map of suburban areas in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the map of Summer Mountain in Shanghai Museum, the map of mountain pass to be crossed in Liaoning Museum, the map of Xiaoxiang in the National Palace Museum, and the map of the relocation of the American imperialists.

Ju Ran was born in Jiangning (now Nanjing). The landscape works handed down from ancient times include Akiyama (collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei), Wanhe Song Feng (collected by the Shanghai Museum), Shan Jutu (collected by Saito, Japan) and Dongshan (whose hiding place is unknown). In addition, The Map of Mountains and Mountains, The Map of Little Orchid Pavilion (all in the National Palace Museum in Taipei) and The Map of Lan Ruo in the Western Hills (in the Cleveland Museum of Fine Arts in the United States) have always been regarded as original works.

Evonne, Zongshen's 11th son (1082- 1 135) was in office for 25 years. Among the works handed down from generation to generation, Xianglong Stone Relief, Furong Golden Rooster, Listening to the Qin, Xuehe Guiba (collected by the Palace Museum), Ruihe (collected by the Liaoning Provincial Museum) and Bamboo and Birds (collected by the Metropolitan Museum of America) are all recognized as expert masterpieces. Only Four Birds by Nelson Art Museum, Liu Ti by Shanghai Museum and Autumn Night on a Pond by National Palace Museum in Taipei are recognized as his own handwriting.

Li (1049- 1 106) was born in Shucheng (now Anhui Buried Hill). Some works, such as Lotus Community Map and Elegant Garden Map, have been handed down from generation to generation. The authenticity of biographies of Freedom from Disappearance and Filial Piety by the National Palace Museum in Taipei and Princeton University in the United States remains to be verified.

Liang Kai, a native of Dongping (now Shandong), lives in Qiantang (Hangzhou). He is good at drawing figures, landscapes, Taoism, Buddhism and ghosts. Autumn Willow Flying Crow (collected by the Palace Museum), Six Ancestors Broken Sutra, Six Ancestors Cut Bamboo (collected by the National Tokyo Museum of Japan) and The Fairy with Ink Splash (collected by the National Palace Museum of Taipei) are all hand-painted with extremely concise pen and ink and highly summarized techniques. The immortal in "Painting the Immortal with Splash Ink" used a lot of ink to draw the clothes of the characters, and used a few strokes to outline the faces of the characters, which was vivid and vivid, which was a new creation at that time. The Tale of Eight Eminent Monks in Shanghai Museum and Sakyamuni's Coming out of the Mountain in Tokyo National Museum of Japan are rigorous in modeling and cautious in using pens, which are different from the restoration method with pens. There is also a poem of Taibai in Japan.

Gong Kai (1222—— about 1304), Cui Yanren of Huaiyin (now Jiangsu). The works handed down from generation to generation mainly include: the pictures in the American "Flying Pictures" and the pictures in Osaka, Japan.

Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong (present-day Shandong), is a meticulous painter, especially good at the bridge. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Palace Museum is his masterpiece. In addition, there is a small "West Lake Auction Map" signed by Zhang Zeduan in Tianjin Art Museum, which is a fake.

Su Hanchen, a native of Kaifeng, is good at drawing Taoist figures, especially children. Today, there are "Autumn Courtyard Baby Play" (collected by the Palace Museum) and "Shangtu" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Song Li, a native of Qiantang. Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, and people can do it. The Shanghai Museum has a map of the West Lake, and the Palace Museum has a map of tide watching and Hua Lantu displaying seasonal flowers. Another "Phantom of the Skull" is in the Palace Museum.

Huang Jucai (933-? ), the word "Luan", from Chengdu. His works handed down from ancient times include the scroll "The Mountain Swallow and the Thorn Birds" collected by the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Zhao Chang (? -about 10 16), Guanghan (now Jiannan, Sichuan). He is good at painting flowers and fruits, and his works are rarely handed down from generation to generation. A sketch of a butterfly in the Palace Museum was handed down as his work.

Yi Yuanji, whose real name is Qingzhi, is from Changsha. Good at painting roe deer, apes, flowers and birds, etc. Today there is a picture of gathering apes (Tibet, Japan).

Cui Bai, whose name is Zi, was born in Liang (now Jiangxi). In addition to painting flowers and birds, he is also good at painting Taoism to explain ghosts and gods, and has created many murals. The Palace Museum has its Cold Bird Map.

Wen Tong (10 18- 1079) was born in Zizhou Yongtai (now Yanting, Sichuan). The Guangdong Provincial Museum has a map of Zhu Mo, and this is a copy of this volume. The collection of dead wood and bamboo stones in Shanghai Museum needs to be verified. The axis of "Map of Zhu Mo" in the Museum of Chinese History is a communication work.

Yang (1097- 1 169), whose word is blameless, is also known as the old man who escaped from Zen, and also known as Elder Qingyi, a native of Nanchang. Works handed down from ancient times include Simeitu in the Palace Museum and Xuemeitu in the Palace Museum.

Zhao (1 199-? ), Zizi Valley, No.,good at painting daffodils, plum blossoms, orchids, bamboo stones and so on. , exquisite and elegant style. Today's works handed down from generation to generation include the volume of Moran Map, the page of Three Friends in a Cold Year, and the volume of Narcissus Map, which are hidden in the Palace Museum.

Five Horses by Li (whose life story is shown above) is one of the most authentic works handed down from generation to generation.

Xu Qi, a native of Jiangnan, works with bamboo feathers and is good at painting buffaloes. Today, a volume of "Jiangshan Pastoral Map" is kept in the Palace Museum.

Li cheng (? -967), the word Xianxi, is good at painting landscapes for self-entertainment. Only the "Reading the Stone Tablet" hidden in Japan was confirmed as an original.

Fan Kuan, a native of Zhongzheng, was born in Huayuan, Shaanxi. Handed down works include The Fishing Boat Map of Qiu Jiang, which is collected in Nelson Museum, Kansas, USA.

Guo was born in wen county, Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). There are relatively many works handed down from ancient times, such as The Tree with a Flat Horizon in the Metropolitan Museum of America, The Early Spring and the Guanshan Chun Xue in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, The Valley in the Shanghai Museum, The Mountain Village in Nanjing University, The Travel Notes of Autumn Mountain in Yunnan Provincial Museum and The Stone with a Flat Horizon in the National Palace Museum.

Yan Wengui was born in Xing Wu (now Zhejiang). His existing works include "Scenery of Hill Building" collected by Osaka City Art Museum in Japan, and "Wind Flow Map" collected in Japan is also the original.

Wang Shen, Jin Qing, lives in Kaifeng. As representatives, there are two volumes, one is cyan, the other is ink painting, the other is Snow Map of Fishing Village of the Palace Museum and the other is Stacked Map of Jiangyan River of Shanghai Museum.

Mi Fei (1051-107), a native of Taiyuan, moved to Xiangyang, Hubei Province and settled in Runzhou in his later years. He is called "Mi Dian" because he is brilliant, crazy and open-minded and serves the Tang people. He is good at ink and wash landscapes, believes in writing more, and does not care about details, thus creating the painting method of "Mi Jiashan". I also like painting portraits of ancient sages. The only trace of painting that can be seen today is a piece of coral painted on the back of the calligraphy work Coral Post hidden in the Palace Museum. Writing is as simple as writing.

Mi Youren (1068- 1 165), the eldest son of Mi Fei. There are many paintings handed down from generation to generation. The Palace Museum has two volumes, Xiaoxiang Wonder Map and Yunshan Mo Opera Map, the Shanghai Museum has Xiaoxiang Baiyun Map, and the Metropolitan Museum of America has Yunshan Map.

Guo Zhongshu was born in Luoyang, Henan. There are not many works handed down from ancient times, only the Snow Water Map collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei can be studied.

Wang Ximeng has no history of painting. Created "Thousands of Miles of Rivers and Mountains".

Li Tang was born in Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province). The Picture of Wanhe and Song Feng (collected in the National Palace Museum) was written by Li Tang at the age of 70, reflecting the landscape paintings of Li Tang in the Northern Song Dynasty. The volume of the "small scenery of Jiangshan" hidden in the same place is close to the style in the above picture.

Liu Songnian, a native of Qiantang (Hangzhou), whose masterpiece of landscape painting is Four Volumes of Scenery Collected in the Palace Museum.

Ma Yuan, whose name is Fu Yao, is from Yongji, Shanxi. The Tugetu collected by the Palace Museum can be regarded as his masterpiece of this style.

Xia Gui, whose real name is Yuyu, is from Qiantang (Hangzhou). His painting style is very similar to that of Ma Yuan, and his composition is blank. People call it "horse holds up half the sky", and it is often called "horse and summer" in the history of painting. Representative works include Qingyuan Mountain Volume, Twelve Scenery Volumes of Mountains and Rivers, Smoke Picture of Yaocen in the Forbidden City, Autumn Moon Axis of Dongting in the American Flying Museum, etc.

Liao Jinyuan

Zhao Mengfu (1254- 1322) was born in Xing Wu (now Huzhou, Zhejiang), son of Song Dynasty, grandson of Zhao Kuangyin Xi, and director of Water Mirror Palace. Zhao Mengfu is well-read and has profound attainments in poetry, calligraphy, painting and music, especially in painting and calligraphy. His paintings have a wide range of themes and styles, including landscapes, figures, bamboo stones, flowers and birds, etc. There are also various forms of expression, such as meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, turquoise, ink painting and so on. Zhao Mengfu advocated that painting should have "ancient meaning", that painting and calligraphy should have the same origin, that painting should bring books, and that learning from nature should be advocated, and that the slogan "Yunshan is my teacher everywhere" was put forward. The landscape paintings handed down mainly include: Young Qiu Yu He Tu collected by Princeton University in the United States, Quehua Qiu Tu by the National Palace Museum in Taipei, Heavy River Stack by the Shanghai Museum, Qingyuan Map by Xing Wu, Water Town Map by the National Palace Museum, etc.

Gao (1248- 13 10) is from Fangshan, Beijing. Good at poetry and painting, painting landscapes, ink bamboo and so on. The main works handed down from generation to generation include Yun Heng's spiritual scroll, Chun Shan's sunny and rainy scroll, Chun Yun's carefree scroll, Heng Shan's sunny scroll and Zhu Mopo's stone scroll collected by the National Palace Museum.

Ren Renfa (1254- 1327), whose real name is Zi Ming, was born in Songjiang (now Shanghai). The main works handed down from generation to generation are Chu Lai Tu, Ermayina Tu and Zhang Guo Meeting the Emperor, which are hidden in the Palace Museum.

Yan Hui, a native of Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province, was born and died unknown. Handed down from ancient times, the Palace Museum's Shui Yue Guan Yin Tu, Li Xian Tu Zhou, and the Henan Provincial Museum's Landscape Tu Zhou.

His real name is Shu Hou, whose real name is Zhen Qi, Jiang Haike, and he has handed down nine songs.

Wang Yi, a good word, was born with his own idiot. Originally from Zhou Mu, he wrote the article The Secret of Portrait. His only surviving work, The Little Portrait of Yang Zhuxi, co-authored with Ni Zan, is in the Palace Museum.

Qian Xuan (13rd century to14th century) was born in Xing Wu (now Huzhou, Zhejiang). Handed down works mainly include: Floating Jade Mountain House in Shanghai Museum, Shan Jutu and Eight Flowers in Palace Museum, Flowers and Birds in Tianjin Art Museum, Bai Lianhua Map unearthed from Zhutan Tomb in Shandong Province and collected by Shandong Provincial Museum.

Wang Yuan, whose name is Ruoshui, was born in Lianxuan and Qiantang (now Hangzhou). He is good at painting landscapes and figures, especially flowers and birds and bamboo stones. His handed down works mainly include: peach, golden rooster and ink peony in the Palace Museum, flowers and birds in the Shanxi Provincial Museum, flowers and bamboo flowers and birds in the Shanghai Museum, and peach, bamboo and spring birds in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Ber Ber (1244- 1320) was born in Zhailu (now Beijing). His existing works mainly include the Four Clear Pictures (the second half is in the Palace Museum and the first half is in the Nelson Museum), the Double Hook Bamboo Picture, the Fish Eye Picture, Xin Ruotu, Zhu Moctu (above the Palace Museum) and Xin Ruoshu Record (Nanjing Museum).

Ke (1290- 1343) was born in Xianju, Taizhou, Zhejiang. The works handed down from ancient times mainly include: the scroll of "Qing Ting Mo Zhu Tu" and the scroll of "Double Bamboo Tu" of Shanghai Museum.

Gu 'an (1289- 1364), with a fixed name, is a pedantic old man. Originally from Huaidong, Pingjiang (Suzhou). The main works handed down from ancient times include Shi Xiu Axis of Youruo, New Love, Wind and Rain Bamboo, Bamboo Stone with Ink Pen, etc.

Wang Mian (? -1359) was born in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The main plum blossom works handed down from generation to generation are Meme Map in the Palace Museum and Early Spring Map in Nanzhi in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

Guo Bi (1280- 1335), a native of Mingshui, lives in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). The National Museum in Kyoto, Japan has such handed down volumes as Dead Wood Map.

Zhenwu and Ni Zan, among the four Yuan schools, are also good at painting bamboo and stone themes. In Zhenwu, the bamboo spectrum books collected by the Palace Museum have been handed down from generation to generation. Ni Zan's bamboo stone works handed down from generation to generation include the bamboo branches in the Palace Museum, the axes of strange stone clusters and so on.