First, the specific situation
1, which generally stipulates the enrollment quota of schools. The enrollment of a university has corresponding indicators in each province. If students want to get a place in a major in this region, they must not only reach the admission score of the school and the admission score of the major;
2. It is also necessary to have a higher score than other candidates who apply for this major in the same region. This is called merit-based admission. Students who are not admitted can only transfer to other majors; However, in the process of school enrollment, there will be a very rare situation, that is, enrollment expansion;
3. Enrollment expansion refers to the temporary decision of colleges and universities to increase the enrollment of their majors during the enrollment process. Enrollment expansion often happens suddenly, that is to say, if we follow the usual enrollment score line, we will definitely not reach the enrollment number. In order to complete the enrollment expansion plan, the school will correspondingly lower the enrollment score of this major slightly;
Second, the introduction of enrollment expansion.
1, university enrollment expansion, also known as college enrollment expansion or college enrollment expansion for short, including graduate enrollment expansion, undergraduate enrollment expansion and higher vocational enrollment expansion, refers to the educational reform policy of college enrollment expansion in China (that is, Chinese mainland) since 1999, based on solving economic and employment problems;
2. In short, it is the educational reform policy of expanding the enrollment of higher education (including undergraduate and graduate students) since 1999. The enrollment expansion originated from the Action Plan for Revitalizing Education Facing the 2 1 Century issued by the Ministry of Education in 1999. The document proposes that by 20 10, the gross enrollment rate of higher education will reach15% of school-age youth;
3. After entering 2008, the Ministry of Education indicated that the enrollment expansion from 65438 to 0999 was too hasty, and gradually controlled the proportion of enrollment expansion. However, in the context of the global financial turmoil in 2009, the Ministry of Education began to adjust the enrollment ratio of graduate students.
Third, the main impact
positive impact
1, improve the enrollment rate of senior high school, and let more students realize their college dreams. Going to college used to be equivalent to getting an iron rice bowl. With the rapid expansion of university enrollment and the rising enrollment rate, it is not difficult to enter ordinary universities. Large-scale enrollment expansion benefits students whose grades are below undergraduate level. "Some students' grades are only enough for junior college. After enrollment expansion, you can go to two colleges and universities, and the junior college will become an undergraduate course;
2. Now parents, students and senior high schools no longer care about whether they can go to college, but what kind of university they are going to. Improve the quality of the people, upgrade their academic qualifications and narrow the gap with foreign education;
3. In 2002, the total scale of China's higher education reached160,000, and the number of undergraduate and higher vocational students and graduate students in ordinary universities and adult colleges nationwide increased. In the early 1980s, the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China was only 2%-3%. After the expansion of enrollment in recent years, the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China has reached 15%, and it has initially entered the stage of popular education.
4. Postpone the time of initial employment and ease the employment pressure. Nowadays, the population is particularly large, and education can keep more people in school, reduce the number of employed people and reduce the employment pressure. Once a large group enters the employment team, it will inevitably cause great employment pressure;
5. Developing higher education is an effective way to relieve employment pressure, and it is also a necessary measure to develop education according to the proportion of school-age students. Develop economy and stimulate domestic demand. In recent years, China's national economic development has entered a trough, and the scale of China's higher education has developed greatly, thus stimulating domestic demand, forming new economic growth points and promoting economic growth;
6. Expanding and developing the education industry, making education a hot investment industry, increasing people's investment and consumption in education, increasing the number of education practitioners and promoting the development of education-related industries; Realize the staged leap of educational development. China's large-scale enrollment expansion and the promotion of education development stage are measures to let more school-age young people enjoy education;
(B) the negative impact
1, the first problem brought by the expansion of enrollment is the decline of education quality and insufficient infrastructure. Take Peking University as an example. 1999, the expansion of enrollment leads to the shortage of dormitories in Peking University, and some students need to solve their own accommodation problems.
2. In 2002, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission conducted a survey of 50 colleges and universities, and found that 65% of the schools could not continue to expand their enrollment because of the shortage of teachers, and 86% of the schools had problems in hardware and funds; At the same time, the lack of teachers leads to a sharp decline in the quality of school teaching;
3. Take Hunan as an example. From 1998 to 2005, the number of college students increased by 4.2 times, while the number of teachers only increased by 2. 1 times. The number of teachers lags behind the growth rate of students seriously, but the rapid expansion of teachers will seriously affect the level of teachers;
4. Since the expansion of enrollment, the student-teacher ratio of undergraduate colleges in China has soared from165438+11in 1998 to1/in 2006, while Guangdong Province has expanded its enrollment.
Since the first batch of college students entered the society in 2003, the employment of college students has become a topic of concern to the whole society. Because the distribution of college students' packages was cancelled less than 10 years ago, college students entered the job market after enrollment expansion. Objectively, the expansion of enrollment distorts the supply and demand system of college graduates, which directly leads to the decline of college students' employment rate and salary.
6. In 2003, the employment rate of the first batch of graduates was only 49.84%, which was about 1 1% lower than that of the same period in 2002. In 2009, there were 7 million college students in China who needed to solve the employment problem.
7. In addition to the huge employment demand, the decline of education quality, unreasonable major and curriculum structure and inadaptability to market demand caused by the expansion of enrollment have also become a major reason for college students' employment difficulties; Due to the severe employment pressure under the impact of the China financial crisis in 2009, the government began to arrange some college students to work at the grassroots level;
8. In addition, the employment pressure is solved by expanding graduate enrollment. However, due to the influence of previous enrollment expansion, many people do not agree with this policy. The pressure of employment also makes the treatment level of China university graduates drop again and again. In many areas, the treatment of university graduates has dropped to the same level as that of migrant workers. Under the pressure of low employment rate, many universities have the problem of falsely high employment rate;
9. In order to solve the problem of insufficient infrastructure, many colleges and universities have expanded on a large scale after enrollment expansion, which has set off an upsurge of infrastructure construction in colleges and universities. As a result, because of the large scale of infrastructure, many schools bear huge debts;
10. As of September 2007, the total amount of college loans in China has exceeded 200 billion yuan. In order to repay the infrastructure loans, some schools do not hesitate to raise tuition fees and lower admission scores. Due to the debt problem, the credit ratings of many colleges and universities have fallen sharply.