The Four Books, also known as the Four Books, are the collective names of The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean, and are the core books learned by Confucian scholars in past dynasties. Zhu, a philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty, selected two chapters from The Doctrine of the Mean and The Great Learning for annotation, and combined them with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius into four books.
Introduction:
Addition and deletion notes in the four books include Confucius disciples, Mencius, Zhu and so on. , the compilation time interval reaches 1800 years. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "Da Xue" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" became official textbooks and required books for imperial examinations, which had a great influence on ancient education.
It contains the core content of Confucianism and is the concentrated embodiment of Confucian epistemology and methodology. It has far-reaching influence in the history of China's thought. Reading it still has its profound educational significance and enlightenment value, and it can be called the cultural essence with a long history.
The contents of the "Four Books" include not only The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, but also Zhu's articles. This reflects the way of cultural inheritance in China. Notes of, Zhu, etc. There are singles, such as Four Books published by Yuelu Bookstore and Zhu's Notes.
The articles contained in the "Four Books" are actually eight. Among them, The Analects records the words and deeds of Confucius and his main disciples. Mencius described Mencius' remarks. The word "university" in "University" clearly pointed out at the beginning of "University": "University is Confucius' suicide note, and beginners enter the door of virtue." .
"University Chapters", in "University Chapters", is clearly Zhu's words. The Doctrine of the Mean also clearly points out at the beginning of the Doctrine of the Mean that the Doctrine of the Mean is the teaching of Confucius' mind and nature, and the son's thinking is afraid of being poor for a long time, so the pen is influenced by Mencius in the book. "In other words, The Doctrine of the Mean was written by Zisi. The doctrine of the mean is also clearly stated by Zhu in The Doctrine of the Mean.
It should be noted that "University" was not written by Confucius himself, although it was "Confucius' suicide note". Zhu said in "University Chapters and Sentences": "Right-handed chapters and sentences cover Confucius' words, but describe them. The tenth chapter is the meaning of Ceng Zi, which the master remembers. "
These four books are all masterpieces. His writing time spans 1800 years, and the authors are Confucius and his disciples, Zi Si, Mencius and his disciples, and Zhu.
Confucius was introduced in The Analects of Confucius. His name was Qiu. In the early Song Dynasty, Liang Gang, his father, and Yan Shi, his mother, Xiang Gong, were born in Jiaoyi, Changping Township, Lu State at the age of 22. Confucius was 73 years old. Monk was introduced in Mencius Preface, and he was also a thinker.
The preface of The Analects of Confucius The Doctrine of the Mean says that Zisi is the grandson of Confucius and the son of Apollo. Teaching in Ceng Zi; Pass on Mencius. Ceng Zi, a disciple of Confucius, got the true biography of Confucius. And Zhu are both Neo-Confucians and great scholars in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhu Zeng studied Confucianism under his tutelage.