Engineering is a discipline developed by applying the principles of basic sciences such as mathematics, physics and chemistry, combined with the technical experience accumulated in production practice. Representative disciplines include civil engineering, water conservancy, electrician, electronic information, thermal energy and nuclear energy, instrumentation, chemical industry and pharmacy. The training target of engineering is senior engineering talents engaged in planning, exploration, design, construction, raw material selection, research and management in corresponding engineering fields. Mainly to train staff with practical application ability. The above mainly refers to traditional projects, in addition to new projects. New engineering refers to a discipline developed on the basis of related sciences to meet the needs of high-tech development. Tsinghua, Xi Jiaotong University and Harbin Institute of Technology are good at engineering.
Science refers to natural science and applied science, as opposed to liberal arts.
Engineering is the largest discipline in China, with the largest number of majors, the largest number of teachers and the largest number of students. Compared with the evaluation results of the Ministry of Education, it should be regarded as the most authoritative data. This paper analyzes the engineering strength of the most famous university in 10.
1. The samples are Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi Jiaotong University, Harbin Institute of Technology and Huazhong Campus.
University of Technology, Tongji University, Southeast University, Tianjin University, Dalian University of Technology, etc. 10 universities.
2. Take the same weight for each first-level subject, then the total score divided by the total number of subjects is the final weighted score.
3. The evaluation data are extracted from the evaluation results of the overall level of the first-level disciplines published by the Ministry of Education in 2002 and 2003.
4, did not participate in the first-level subject evaluation score of 60 points.
First, the traditional basic engineering.
As we all know, in the development of engineering colleges, some traditional engineering disciplines will be derived, such as Xu.
The control departments of many universities are derived from the departments of electrical engineering or chemical engineering.
Comparing the engineering courses offered by Tsinghua, Jiaotong University, Central Committee and Zhejiang University during the Republic of China, we think that the traditional foundation
Basic engineering is electrical engineering (electrical engineering), mechanical engineering (mechanical engineering), chemical engineering (chemical engineering) and civil engineering (civil engineering).
), Architecture (Architecture Department, formerly known as Architecture Department in Tsinghua).
10 The data of traditional foundation engineering in colleges and universities are as follows.
Ranked Tsinghua Zhejiang University Tianda Harbin Institute of Technology Tongji Southeast China University Jiaotong University Xi University of Technology
Chemistry 84.99 80 87.5169.24 60 60 60 60 77.53 60
Machinery 93.32 89.42 73.79 92.9 75.92 72.69 91.84 92.0179.14 90.82.
Civil 83.96 77.7 70.49 78.8 88.96 73.78 67.75 60 75.83 60
Architecture 90.53 63.58 78.28 67.15 86.89 81.260 60 60 60
Electrical 88.59 80.29 76.94 77.53 60 76.42 80.37 81.66 60 78.85
Total 88.28 78.20 77.40 77.12 74.35 72.82 71.99 70.73 70.50 69.93
We can see that in this 10 university,
The top four chemical companies are Tianda, Tsinghua, Zhejiang University and Dagong.
The top four machines are Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi Jiaotong University Huake,
The top four civil engineers are Tongji, Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology and Zhejiang University.
The top four buildings are Tsinghua, Tongji, Southeast and Tianda.
The top four electric companies are Tsinghua University, Xi Jiaotong-Shenzhen University, Huake University and Zhejiang University.
The top four are Tsinghua, Zhejiang University, Tianda and Harbin Institute of Technology.
As a famous traditional engineering school, Tianda really deserves its reputation. However, due to the adjustment of departments, the layout of the two jiaotong universities in traditional engineering is weak.
Second, the basic overall project
According to the list of first-level disciplines published by the Ministry of Education, we excluded a few schools from offering engineering courses in this discipline, such as
Nuclear science, etc. , statistics are as follows:
Chemical industry, materials, environment, biomedicine, machinery, instruments, light industry, electric power, machinery, civil engineering, water conservancy, construction and electrician.
, electronics, communication, control, computer * * * 17 subjects, each of which participated in the evaluation of five schools.
So go ahead.
10 The basic overall engineering data of colleges and universities are as follows.
Ranked Tsinghua Zhejiang University Harbin Institute of Technology handed over to Huake Southeast and Xi 'an Jiaotong University Tongji
Chemistry 84.99 80 69.24 60 60 87.5177.5360
Material 83.17 78.0381.79 83.99 76.2172.69 75.73 73.438+05 75.07 73.35.
Environment 85.39 86.59 76.53 60 68.29 60 70.15 78.35
Machinery 93.32 89.42 92.9 90.8291.84 72.69 92.05438+0 73.79 79.14 75.92.
Instrument 83.22 78.93 82.49 80.53 70.7174.73 74.48 78.96 75 438+02 60
Guanggong 84.6481.9771.01.60 74.3760 78.8470.1760
Power 91.84 87.52 75.9 84.5 74.64 73 438+084.55 72.72 70.57 60
Mechanics 87.67 73.0281.88 80.3 68.47 60 76.66 73.26 79.48 70.03
Civil 83.96 77.7 78.8 60 67.75 73.78 60 70.49 75.83 88.96
Water conservancy 85.85 70.7 60 60 70.79 60 72.59 82.94 60
Architecture 90.53 63.58 67.15 60 6081.2 60 78.28 60 86.89
Electrical 88.59 80.29 77.53 78.85 80.37 76.4281.66 76.94 60 60
Electronic 96.03 83.08 75.73 84.481.62 80.73 76.83 74.92 69.03 60
Communication 92.44 72.25 79.44 78.09 72.2183.16 70.89 60 68.89 60
Control 90.2 93.98 81.12 85.62 78.35 83.41.57 60 69.25 60
Computer 96.69 81.5 83.38 78.23 77.31.71.83 73.04 60 70.23 60
Biomedicine 79.3195.53 60 84.68 81.33 88.73 83.78 74.2 60 60
Total 88.1180.8376.17 74.7173.78 72.50 72.4272.10 71.38 66.68.
We can see that in this 10 university,
The top four chemical companies are Tianda, Tsinghua, Zhejiang University and Dagong.
The top four materials are Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tsinghua University, Harbin Institute of Technology University and Zhejiang University.
The top four environmental factors are Zhejiang University, Tsinghua, Tongji University and Harbin Institute of Technology.
The top four machines are Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xi Jiaotong University Huake,
The top four instruments are Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology, Jiaotong University and Tianda respectively.
The top four light workers are Tsinghua, Zhejiang University, Tianda and Huake.
The top four are Tsinghua, Zhejiang University, Jiaotong University and Xi Jiaotong University.
The top four in mechanics are Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology, Jiaotong University and Dagong.
The top four civil engineers are Tongji, Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology and Zhejiang University.
The top four water conservancy projects are Tsinghua, Dagong, Tianda and Huake.
The top four buildings are Tsinghua, Tongji, Southeast and Tianda.
The top four electric companies are Tsinghua University, Xi Jiaotong-Shenzhen University, Huake University and Zhejiang University.
The top four electronics are Tsinghua, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Huake,
The top four telecommunications companies are Tsinghua, Southeast, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai Communication.
The top four are Zhejiang University, Tsinghua, Shanghai Communications and Southeast China.
The top four computers are Tsinghua, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University and Shanghai Jiaotong University.
The top four biomedical doctors are Zhejiang University, Southeast China, Jiaotong University and Xi 'an Jiaotong University.
The top four are Tsinghua, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai University.
It can be seen that Huake's engineering development momentum is still relatively rapid. Now Huake and Southeast are both ranked in Xi Jiaotong University. As an established and powerful engineering school, Xi Jiaotong University urgently needs to be alert and curb the pace of decline.
Third, mass engineering.
According to the employment situation, the quality of students and the development of social related industries, seven disciplines such as architecture, civil engineering, computer, communication, electronics, electricity and control are selected as popular engineering disciplines.
The popular engineering data of 10 colleges are as follows.
Ranked Tsinghua Zhejiang University Southeast Harbin Institute of Technology handed over to Huake Xi An Jiaotong University Tongji
Civil 83.96 77.7 73.78 78.8 60 67.75 60 70.49 88.96 75.83
Architecture 90.53 63.58 81.2 67.15 60 60 60 78.28 86.89 60
Electrical 88.59 80.29 77.53 78.85 80.37 76.4281.66 76.94 60 60
Electronic 96.03 83.08 75.73 84.481.62 80.73 76.83 74.92 69.03 60
Communication 92.44 72.25 79.44 78.09 72.2183.16 70.89 60 68.89 60
Control 90.2 93.98 81.12 85.62 78.35 83.41.57 60 69.25 60
Computer 96.69 81.5 83.38 78.23 77.31.71.83 73.04 60 70.23 60
Total 91.2178.9178.65 77.59 75.03 73.94 72.00 68.66 67.98 67.60.
From the above, we can see that the top five competitive schools in popular engineering fields are Tsinghua, Zhejiang University, Southeast, Harbin Institute of Technology and Shanghai Jiaotong University. It should be pointed out that in addition to
In addition to Harbin Institute of Technology, Tsinghua and Zhejiang University are located in the developed areas of southeast China. These schools are naturally sought after by high school students and favored by high school students.
Four. Information field
At present, the whole society claims to enter the information age. We consider seven disciplines, such as computer, communication, electronics, electricity, control, instrument and optical engineering, and get the following data.
Ranked Tsinghua Zhejiang University Harbin Institute of Technology handed over to Huake Southeast and Xi 'an Jiaotong University Tongji
Instrument 83.22 78.93 82.49 80.53 70.7174.73 74.48 78.96 75 438+02 60
Guanggong 84.6481.9771.01.60 74.3760 78.8470.1760
Electrical 88.59 80.29 77.53 78.85 80.37 76.4281.66 76.94 60 60
Electronic 96.03 83.08 75.73 84.481.62 80.73 76.83 74.92 69.03 60
Communication 92.44 72.25 79.44 78.09 72.2183.16 70.89 60 68.89 60
Control 90.2 93.98 81.12 85.62 78.35 83.41.57 60 69.25 60
Computer 96.69 81.5 83.38 78.23 77.31.71.83 73.04 60 70.23 60
Total 90.2681.7178.67 77.96 76.42 75.75 74.07 69.95 68.96 60.00.
reprint
The main subjects of science are: mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, as well as geology, geography and computer software.
University science major:
First, mathematics.
0 10 1 Math 0 104 Mathematical statistics
0 102 computational mathematics and its application software 0 105 operational research
0 103 applied mathematics 0 106 control science
Second, physics.
020 1 physics (special direction: theoretical physics, semiconductor physics, solid state physics, crystal physics, low temperature physics, optics, magnetism, plasma physics, electronic physics)
0202 Applied Physics 0203 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Technology
Third, chemistry.
030 1 chemistry (specialty: inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, polymer chemistry)
0302 applied chemistry 0305 radiochemistry
0303 Material Chemistry 0306 Food Chemistry
0304 environmental chemistry
Fourth, biology
040 1 botany 0406 genetics
0402 Zoology 0407 Cell Biology
0403 microorganism 0408 biochemistry
0404 Physiology 0409 Ecology and Environmental Biology
0405 plant physiology
Verb (abbreviation for verb) astronomy
050 1 astronomy
Geology of intransitive verbs
060 1 Geology 0605 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology
Structural Geology 0602 Rock and Mineral Geochemistry 0606
0603 earthquake geology 0607 radioactive mineral geology
Paleontology and stratigraphy
VII. Geography
070 1 physical geography 0704 economic geography and urban and rural regional planning
0702 Geomorphology and Quaternary Geology 0705 Geographic Information and Mapping
0703 water resources and environment
Eight, geophysics class
080 1 geophysics 0802 space physics
Nine, atmospheric science
090 1 Weather Dynamics 0903 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment
0902 Climatology 0904 Atmospheric Detection
X. Marine science
100 1 physical oceanography 1004 marine biology
1002 marine physics 1005 marine geology
1003 marine chemistry
XI。 mechanics
1 10 1 mechanics 1 102 applied mechanics
Twelve. Information and electronic science
120 1 electronic and information system 1204 acoustics
1202 radio physics 1205 optics
1203 physical electronics 1206 microelectronics
XIII. Computer Science and Technology
130 1 computer software 1302 computer and its application
XIV. Psychology
140 1 psychology 1402 industrial psychology
Pilot major:
Try 0 1 information science try 06 microbial engineering
Try 02 Economic Mathematics Test 07 Biomedical Electronics
Try 03 Science and Technology Information Try 08 Natural Resources Management
Try 04 Material Science Try 09 Mineral Rock Material Science.
Try 05 molecular biology test 10 environmental geoscience.
[Edit this paragraph] How to learn science well
I. Summary of experience:
First, interest is the best teacher.
By studying, thinking and summarizing carefully, we can constantly improve our interest in science. With interest, you can easily enter the hall of science.
Two. Classroom-centered theory.
Pay attention to the content of the teacher's lecture, and be attentive, active and diligent, that is, concentrate on understanding the basic concepts spoken by the teacher and deeply understand the meaning of each concept. For the examples the teacher told, you should quickly sort out your own ideas and compare the teacher's answers to see what is different. If not, it is necessary to quickly judge whether it is right or wrong. If it is wrong, we must find the cause of the error. If it is the same, we can find other methods better. As for the record of notes, it should be accurate and not complicated; Be practical, not omnipotent, and establish a recording method that suits you, rather than copying it from the book.
Three. Review the past and learn the new.
We should pay attention to the homework left by the teacher, think hard and take it seriously when doing homework, and dig out our own methods and abilities to solve problems.
Four. Explain briefly.
Pay attention to a certain amount of exercises outside the homework, carefully select some typical questions, and pay attention to multiple solutions to one question in the process of doing it, instead of blindly pursuing quantity, thinking that more questions can improve the ability to solve problems; Instead, we should explore the method of solving problems and carry out divergent thinking, that is, "special generalization" (note: this is also one of the commonly used methods in solving mathematical problems. )
The establishment of verb (the abbreviation of verb) system.
Attach importance to the summary and induction of science chapters, connect scattered knowledge, and thoroughly understand and master the chaotic knowledge.
Have trouble eating.
Learning to be excellent is an official, ten years of cold window, and jade is successful. Therefore, if you want to learn science well and improve your interest, you must be prepared to suffer big losses, because science is a subject that focuses on understanding, and it is impossible to improve and learn science well without hard work.
But I also hope that you will not be afraid of science. You are afraid of wolves in front and tigers in the back, and you will accomplish nothing in the end. So we should dare to explore and sum up a set of methods and laws to learn science well. Finally, I wish you to learn science as soon as possible and lay the foundation for learning other subjects well.
Second, the reference learning method:
First, pay attention to the lecture in class and review it in time after class.
The acceptance of new knowledge and the cultivation of mathematical ability are mainly carried out in the classroom, so we should pay attention to the learning efficiency in the classroom and seek correct learning methods. In class, you should keep up with the teacher's ideas, actively explore thinking, predict the next steps, and compare your own problem-solving ideas with what the teacher said. In particular, we should do a good job in learning basic knowledge and skills, and review them in time after class, leaving no doubt. First of all, we should recall the knowledge points the teacher said before doing various exercises, and correctly master the reasoning process of various formulas. If we are not clear, we should try our best to recall them instead of turning to the book immediately. In a sense, you should not create a learning way of asking questions if you don't understand. For some problems, because of their unclear thinking, it is difficult to solve them at the moment. Let yourself calm down and analyze the problems carefully and try to solve them by yourself. At every learning stage, we should sort out and summarize, and combine the points, lines and surfaces of knowledge into a knowledge network and bring it into our own knowledge system.
Two. Practice properly and develop good problem-solving habits.
If you want to learn math well, it is inevitable to do more problems, and you should be familiar with the problem-solving ideas of various questions. At the beginning, we should start with the basic problems, take the exercises in the textbook as the standard, lay a good foundation repeatedly, and then find some extracurricular exercises to help broaden our thinking, improve our ability to analyze and solve problems, and master the general rules of solving problems. For some error-prone topics, you can prepare a set of wrong questions, write your own problem-solving ideas and correct problem-solving processes, and compare them to find out your own mistakes so as to correct them in time. We should develop good problem-solving habits at ordinary times. Let your energy be highly concentrated, make your brain excited, think quickly, enter the best state, and use it freely in the exam. Practice has proved that at the critical moment, your problem-solving habit is no different from your usual practice. If you are careless and careless when solving problems, it is often exposed in the big exam, so it is very important to develop good problem-solving habits at ordinary times.
Three. Adjust the mentality and treat the exam correctly.
First of all, we should focus on basic knowledge, basic skills and basic methods, because most of the exams are basic topics. For those difficult and comprehensive topics, we should seriously think about them, try our best to sort them out, and then summarize them after finishing the questions. Adjust your mentality, let yourself calm down at any time, think in an orderly way, and overcome impetuous emotions. In particular, we should have confidence in ourselves and always encourage ourselves. No one can beat me except yourself. If you don't beat yourself, no one can beat my pride.
Be prepared before the exam, practice routine questions, spread your own ideas, and avoid improving the speed of solving problems on the premise of ensuring the correct rate before the exam. For some easy basic questions, you should have a 12 grasp and get full marks; For some difficult questions, you should also try to score, learn to score hard in the exam, and make your level normal or even extraordinary.
It can be seen that if you want to learn mathematics well, you must find a suitable learning method, understand the characteristics of mathematics and let yourself enter the vast world of mathematics.
To learn mathematics well, senior high school students must solve two problems: one is to understand the problem; The second is the method.
Some students think that learning to teach well is to cope with the senior high school entrance examination, because mathematics accounts for a large proportion; Some students think that learning mathematics well is to lay a good foundation for further study of related majors. These understandings are reasonable, but not comprehensive enough. In fact, the more important purpose of learning and teaching is to accept the influence of mathematical thought and spirit and improve their own thinking quality and scientific literacy. If so, they will benefit for life. A leader once told me that the work report drafted by his liberal arts secretary was not satisfactory, because it was flashy and lacked logic, so he had to write it himself. It can be seen that even if you are engaged in secretarial work in the future, you must have strong scientific thinking ability, and learning mathematics is the best thinking gymnastics. Some senior one students feel that they have just graduated from junior high school, and there are still three years before their next graduation. They can breathe a sigh of relief first, and it is not too late to wait until they are in senior two and senior three. They even regard it as a "successful" experience to "relax first and then tighten" in primary and junior high schools. As we all know, first of all, at present, the teaching arrangement of senior high school mathematics is to finish three years' courses in two years, and the senior three is engaged in general review, so the teaching progress is very tight; Second, the most important and difficult content of high school mathematics (such as function and algebra) is in Grade One. Once these contents are not learned well, it will be difficult for the whole high school mathematics to learn well. Therefore, we must pay close attention to it at the beginning, even if we are slightly relaxed subconsciously, it will weaken our learning perseverance and affect the learning effect.
First, the definition of liberal arts
Liberal arts, also known as humanities and social sciences, as its name implies, take the politics, economy and culture unique to human society as the research object.
[Edit this paragraph] Second, the classification of liberal arts
Liberal arts are divided into humanities and social sciences.
Humanities studies human cultural heritage, and its classic disciplines are literature, history and philosophy. "History" includes history, archaeology, etc. Philosophy pays attention to methods, and aesthetics and art belong to the category of philosophy.
Social science is a science that studies social development, social problems and social laws. It is the floorboard of four disciplines: law, education, economics and management. * * * There are 19 disciplines and 120 majors in the undergraduate catalog. In 2004, there were 597 universities offering social science undergraduate majors. Social science is a science that human beings know and transform human society. Its research object is human society.
Liberal arts in universities include politics, economics, law, philosophy, history, literature, art, foreign languages and literature, journalism and communication, anthropology, sociology, ethnology, management, education and so on.
[Edit this paragraph] Third, the majors that liberal arts can choose
1, philosophy: philosophy, logic, religion, psychology.
2. Economics: Economics, international economy and trade, finance, finance.
3. Pedagogy: Pedagogy, preschool education and special education.
4. History: history, world history, archaeology, museology and ethnology.
5. Legal category:
① Jurisprudence
(2) Marxist theory: scientific socialism and international producer movement, revolutionary history and producer party history.
③ Sociology: Sociology and social work.
④ Politics: international politics, politics and administration, ideological education and diplomacy.
⑤ Public Security Science: Public Security Science, Reconnaissance Science and Frontier Defense Management Science.
6. Literature:
① China language and literature: Chinese language and literature, Chinese language, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and classical literature.
② foreign languages
③ Journalism and communication: journalism, radio and television journalism, editing and publishing, and advertising.
7, management class:
① Management science and management engineering: management science, information management and information system.
② Business administration: business administration, marketing, accounting, financial management, human resource management and tourism management.
③ Public management: administrative management, public management, labor and social security.
④ Agricultural economic management: agricultural and forestry economic management and rural regional development.
⑤ Library Science and Archives Science: Library Science and Archives Science.