Before studying skin care systematically, the most important thing is to know your skin, whether it is mixed, neutral, oily or dry. Only targeted skin care, your skin will get better and better!
1. Skin classification
Simple difference
Oil skin: The most striking feature is that the pores are thick and the surface is shiny. The problem with oily skin is that it is often prone to acne and acne, and makeup is easy to take off makeup and spots, but the skin is full and it is not easy to produce wrinkles and allergies.
Dry skin: Dry skin is just the opposite of oily skin. Dry skin has small pores, easy to tighten and peel, and easy to produce wrinkles and long spots. The fine lines around the mouth and eyes are obvious, so the skin is delicate and there are few acne and acne.
Neutrality: Neutrality is simply a genetic explosion. It is dry and oily, and it is not easy to produce fine lines and allergies without acne.
Mixed type: most people belong to this skin type, which can be divided into mixed dry type and mixed oil type. Generally speaking, according to different seasons, the skin quality also changes, mixed with oil in summer and dried in winter. The difference between mixed skin and oily skin is that T area is particularly oily, while other parts are in a neutral or dry skin state.
After distinguishing skin types, targeted scientific skin care.
Skin care is the most basic and important of the three things.
Cleaning, moisturizing and sun protection
These three things are the basic guarantee of your skin care, just like planting a tree seedling. These three things are the soil to ensure the growth of saplings. Only when the soil is good can the saplings be good!
The first is cleanliness.
Choose mild products to avoid excessive cleaning.
Many skin problems, in addition to congenital reasons, are caused by improper cleaning or excessive leave.
Cleansing products can be roughly divided into two categories, soap base and amino acid.
Soap-based facial cleanser is characterized by its strong cleaning power, but it cannot be used frequently, otherwise it will destroy the water-oil balance and stratum corneum of the skin and cause a series of problems. However, oily skin is very suitable for this facial cleanser, because if oily skin is not thoroughly cleaned, it will cause pore blockage, blackheads and even acne. Therefore, oily healthy skin once a day is completely ok, pay attention! It is healthy oily skin. If you have acne or inflammation, soap-based facial cleanser is not recommended. Excessive cleaning power will irritate the skin and aggravate skin problems.
Amino acid cleansing products are very gentle, basically suitable for all skin, with low irritation and acceptable cleaning power, and are recommended for daily cleansing. Let's teach you how to distinguish soap-based and amino acid cleansing products from their ingredients.
Soap base:
First, the fatty acid salt is directly added. The first few ingredients in this list are fatty acid salts, such as potassium palmitate and potassium stearate. There is no doubt that the ingredients ending in potassium salt and sodium salt are basically soaps.
The second is to add fatty acids and strong bases to react to generate fatty acid salts, which are generally in the top five of the ingredient list, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid. Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine are bases.
Amino acid series:
Look, the ingredient list contains the following ingredients
Sodium cocoyl glutamate
Disodium cocoyl glutamate
Sodium hydrogen glutamate
Coconut acyl glutamate
Soap-based facial cleanser recommended:
Japanese Shiseido Facial Cleanser (about 50 yuan RMB)
Strong cleaning power, and the face is not tight after washing. It is recommended to clean the skin at night or twice after makeup.
Amino acid facial cleanser recommended:
There are many amino acid facial cleansers, which mainly recommend the king with good quality and low price! )
Pond's cream facial cleanser (the king of cost performance! About 20 yuan.
This facial cleanser is amino acid facial cleanser, which is clean enough, gentle and not tight after washing.
Dabao Beauty Facial Cleanser (About 20 yuan)
Added vitamin E and milk essence, a large bottle, super mild, suitable for use in the morning.
Next is moisturizing,
College students' skin is very young and they don't need too many functional skin care products. Doing the most basic moisturizing is the best nutrition for the skin. The most direct way to moisturize is water emulsion and cream. All types of skin need to be moisturized, especially in dry autumn and winter. Just choose different categories, oily skin should be properly moisturized, pay attention to refreshing and comfortable, and dry skin needs special attention to moisturizing.
Moisturizer is mainly used to simulate the natural moisturizing system composed of oil, water and NMF in human skin, and its function is to delay water loss and increase dermal-epidermal water penetration. Provide temporary protection for the skin, reduce damage and promote the repair process. Moisturizing cream is roughly divided into three categories, and everyone chooses the corresponding moisturizing type according to their own skin needs.
1. sealant:
It can form a closed film on the skin surface and reduce TEWL. The main component is oil. Commonly used sealing agent components in wetting agent: paraffin oil, mineral oil, paraffin, squalane, silicone fatty alcohol, wax fat, polyol: propylene glycol, etc. Paraffin oil is one of the most effective sealants. Lanolin is used less because of its high price, special smell and potential contact dermatitis. Silicone oil is a relatively new preparation, which is not greasy, basically tasteless, and causes less allergies and acne, so moisturizers on the market are widely used.
2. Moisture absorbent:
The mechanism of hygroscopic agent is to absorb water from dermis and external environment and store it in stratum corneum. If the moisture absorbent is allowed to absorb water from the external environment, the relative humidity around the skin will reach at least 70%, but in practice, the relative humidity can not reach this level, so most of the moisture absorbent for local external use absorbs water from the dermis rather than the environment. The hygroscopic agent mainly includes glycerol, honey, sodium lactate, urea, propylene glycol, sorbitol, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, animal glue, hyaluronic acid, vitamins and protein.
3. Hydrophilic matrix:
Hydrophilic matrix refers to some macromolecules that can combine with water and have water retention and retardation effects, including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, collagen, elastin, DNA and so on. Moisturizers rich in these hydrophilic substrates can absorb a lot of water from dermis and combine with it, and have the same high hygroscopicity under low humidity and high humidity conditions.
Recommend several affordable water emulsions that I think are good.
1. muji emulsion (about 100 RMB)
This water emulsion is a good friend with simple ingredients, mainly moisturizing, especially gentle and sensitive muscles! No essence, no alcohol, no preservatives added, and packaging is the consistent cold style of MUJI. The key is that the bottle is very big, which can be used for eternal feeling, especially suitable for young college students, and the price is really civilian. Oily skin can choose refreshing type, and dry skin can choose high moisturizing.
2. Mentholatum Muscle Research Moisturizing Water Emulsion (about RMB 150)
Mentholatum should be a familiar brand. Myo Yan, as its main moisturizing brand, has a variety of moisturizing technologies, mainly multi-element hyaluronic acid moisturizing, which is especially suitable for autumn and winter, and is made in strict accordance with the specifications of sensitive muscles and skin, with little irritation and can be said to be very safe. This is also refreshing and moisturizing to meet different needs.
3. Bikavi honey water+cream (about RMB 120 yuan)
This is a honey product from New Zealand. Made of Lumeka honey, it is full of honey flavor and has a good repair effect. It is very effective for acne skin and plays a role in maintaining skin stability. Produced according to New Zealand standards, the ingredients are natural, and sensitive muscle skin is also suitable. Night cream is his star product, recommended by Nana Ou-yang and Angela Zhang, which can repair skin problems after staying up late and effectively moisturize. There is the same refreshing gel cream, the same honey content!
Finally, there is sun protection, and there are many dry goods. This paper mainly introduces the scientific principle of sun protection. Only by fundamentally understanding sun protection can we correctly carry out sun protection.
1. Why do you want sun protection and the importance of sun protection?
The most direct and important significance of sun protection is to prevent ultraviolet rays from damaging the skin. Unprotected skin is exposed to strong ultraviolet rays, which is first sunburned, tanned and sunburned, and then it will become aging, showing spots or skin becoming loose or fine lines and wrinkles. And these are just what we see on the surface. In fact, ultraviolet rays can directly reach the dermis, destroy collagen and elastic fiber tissue of the skin, and accelerate skin aging.
2. What are the specific hazards? What effect do UVB and UVA ultraviolet rays have on the skin?
UVB ultraviolet ray is called sunburn ultraviolet ray, which is the main cause of skin sunburn in the short term, but it will cause skin pigmentation, damage and aging in the long term. UVA ultraviolet rays are called tanning ultraviolet rays, which can blacken the skin in a short time and cause skin aging in a long time. Although UVA has lower energy than UVB, it has strong penetration. Even on cloudy days, they can penetrate through the glass window and cause damage to the exposed face, neck and other parts.
3. What is the difference between physical sun protection and chemical sun protection?
1) Physical sunscreen mainly refers to ultrafine zinc oxide and titanium oxide, which are very uniform after being coated on the face, like a mirror. After sunlight is irradiated, it will refract the past, reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, thus avoiding direct contact between ultraviolet rays and skin.
Features: The particles used for physical sun protection do not need to be absorbed, and the burden on the skin will be relatively small. Its sunscreen spectrum is wider and its sunscreen ability is stronger. The shortcomings are also obvious. The particles are relatively large and appear white and greasy on the skin. Now the work is much thinner than before, but it is naturally expensive and non-irritating, suitable for people who are allergic.
2) The chemical sunscreen absorbs ultraviolet rays and then releases them in the form of low energy, thus avoiding the direct damage of ultraviolet rays. Sunscreen absorbs ultraviolet rays, and to some extent, sunscreen is also oxidized. When absorbed to a certain extent, the sunscreen effect will be weak, and it will be gone for a long time. If the sun shines again, it will be like wearing no makeup. As a reminder, it needs to be replenished every three or four hours.
Features: chemical sunscreen needs to be absorbed, so it takes 20 minutes to take effect. It is generally transparent and refreshing, but some people are likely to be allergic to certain ingredients. Because the wavelength range of ultraviolet rays absorbed by many substances is not wide enough, it is generally necessary for several chemicals to work together to absorb most ultraviolet rays that harm the skin.
3) More than 80% products on the market are physical and chemical sunscreens, and only products specifically for allergic skin can be pure physical sunscreens. You can choose physical sunscreen or chemical sunscreen products according to your own needs.
4. What do SPF and PA of sunscreen stand for respectively?
Ultraviolet rays that cause harm to human skin are divided into UVA and UVB.
PA value is an indicator that the product blocks UVA long wave in sunlight.
The SPF value is the sun protection index of UVB.
UVB will make the skin sunburned and red in a short time, and the average person will do harm to the skin in about 25 minutes in the sun. SPF index is a sign of UVB protection ability.
UVA can penetrate the surface layer of skin, produce wrinkles and lead to skin aging. Moreover, UVA in ultraviolet rays is usually 15 times that of UVB, which is the main cause of skin tanning and even leads to skin cancer in severe cases. PA coefficient is a sign of UVA protection ability.
Therefore, a good sunscreen product needs both UVB and UVA protection. PA coefficient A+ means 4 hours pa++ means UVA 12 hours protection.
Recommend several affordable sunscreen products suitable for daily use in autumn and winter.
1. Nalisi Moisturizing Sunscreen (80 yuan)
This sunscreen is especially moisturizing, adding hyaluronic acid, honey, vitamin C and other ingredients, which is very suitable for moisturizing in autumn and winter. The upper face is very moist and light, and oily skin has no burden! This can be said to be a perfect combination of sunscreen and moisturizing. It's big and can be used for a long time. Now there is a purple one, which has the effect of modifying skin color and is also very easy to use.
2. Mentholatum Sunscreen (about 40 yuan RMB)
Very light sunscreen lotion, very friendly to oily skin, cheap fighter in sunscreen! This does not hurt when applied to the body, and it forms a film quickly and is very comfortable.
3. mistine Sunscreen in Thailand (about RMB 50 yuan)
Mistine's products are very easy to use, and the most outstanding one is this sunscreen. Long-lasting sunscreen, light and breathable, recommended by many people, oh, it is a dark horse in cheap sunscreen. Moisturizing without burden, a good choice for sun protection in autumn and winter!
Finally, whether sunscreen should remove makeup depends on the difference between sunscreen products and cleansing products. If your cleansing product has strong cleaning power, you don't need to remove makeup separately. Ordinary sunscreen can be washed off with facial cleanser, but this is also different from person to person. You can try it.
Ok, sanki's introduction is over. I hope that as a college student, you can fully understand your skin and understand the basic knowledge of skin care. Only the correct skin care method can cultivate healthy skin. I hope to have healthy and shiny skin in the best years.
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