Ideal is people's realistic yearning and pursuit for the future formed in practice, and it is the concentrated embodiment of people's world outlook, outlook on life and values in the goal of struggle. To understand the meaning of ideal, we should grasp the following points:
First, ideal is a kind of social ideology, which is the product of a certain social mode of production. Different levels of productivity, different depth and breadth of social practice, people pursue different goals.
Second, the ideal is the unique planning of human life activities. People can choose the value orientation of self-practice behavior, thus planning their own life activities and determining their own goals. This is a unique spiritual phenomenon of human beings determined by objective material phenomena, and it is actually the establishment and pursuit of life ideals.
Third, the ideal is to show tomorrow's reality with the possibility of objective reality development, which is the organic unity of truth, goodness and beauty. The scientific ideal must be based on the possibility of objective reality and show the reality of tomorrow with the inevitable historical trend. Ideal is different from fantasy and fantasy. Although fantasy is also an imagination of the future, it is a subjective fantasy divorced from reality and cannot be realized. Although fantasy reflects people's needs and desires, it is generally far from reality and does not show a clear pursuit goal. The ideal is truth, goodness and beauty.
Fourth, the ideal is rooted in the contradiction between the subject's needs and the actual needs. Human beings are a special group full of needs, and their pursuit of needs is endless. The real world can only meet people's needs in a relative sense, but not all people's needs in an absolute sense. People always have a strong desire to transcend reality and their own imperfections, which inspires the subject to strive to transcend the time and space of reality and cross the boundaries of history to explore and pursue a better future.
2, the ideal characteristics:
First, the ideal has realistic possibility. Formally, ideal is a subjective spiritual phenomenon, and the needs, values and outlook on life of the subject affect the formation of ideal. But from the content, the ideal has objective factors. Ideal is a conscious reflection of objective reality and conforms to the objective law of social development. Its content is objective rather than subjective, and it can be realized in the end. In order to realize the ideal, we need certain objective conditions and subjective efforts. Sometimes, people don't realize their ideals, which doesn't mean that they are unrealistic, but often because people don't work hard enough or have improper methods.
Second, ideals are contemporary. Ideal is not inherent in people's minds, but closely related to the level of production development in a certain era, and is the product of historical conditions and economic and political relations in a certain society. The ideals of different times reflect the productivity level and social conditions at that time, and even people's imagination of ideals is limited by the conditions of the times.
Third, the ideal has a class nature. In a class society, because of the different class status and interests of individuals, their ideals are bound to be different. Any ideal is restricted by certain class status and class interests, and all kinds of ideals are branded with class.
Fourth, the ideal is ahead. Ideal depicts not reality, but an imagination with the possibility of realization, which is based on the analysis and study of the development law of realistic and objective things. It is higher than reality, surpasses reality, has guiding significance to reality, and is inspiring to people. It is different from people's unrealistic imagination such as fantasy and fantasy. It is an advanced grasp of the objective movement trend in the process of historical logic.
Fifth, the ideal is practical. The practicality of ideal contains two meanings: on the one hand, ideal is the product of people's social practice. The ideal of science is based on the fact that practice has developed enough to make it possible for people to understand and grasp the development law of real things and predict the development trend of things by changing the practice of objects. If the ideal is divorced from reality, it is fantasy and fantasy. On the other hand, the ideal can not be realized within the scope of pure ideology, nor by pure ideological strength, but only through people's practical activities. So practice produces ideals, and ideals are put into practice. Ideal practicality is such a process of continuous circulation and sublimation.
3. Ideal type
The diversity of human social life, people's understanding of reality and multi-level imagination of the future determine that people's ideals are multifaceted and multi-type. Knowing the ideal type helps young students to set clear goals in all aspects of social life.
(1) From the nature of ideals, ideals can be divided into lofty, lofty, narrow and vulgar. Everything that conforms to the development law of objective things and embodies the fundamental interests of the people is the hope and pursuit of the prosperity of the motherland, the happiness of the people and social progress, which is a lofty and lofty ideal; On the contrary, it is a narrow and vulgar ideal to focus only on pursuing personal self-interest and coveting material enjoyment.
(2) From the subject of ideal, there is a difference between personal ideal and social ideal. Personal ideal refers to the individual's yearning and pursuit for his future material life and spiritual life under certain historical conditions and social relations. Social ideal refers to the common ideal of social collectives and even members of the whole society, and refers to the common goal of leading the whole society. Realizing capitalism is the social ideal of China people. Personal ideal and social ideal are interdependent and inseparable.
(3) From the relationship between ideal and goal, it can be divided into * * * identical ideal and ultimate ideal. * * * Ideal is the common goal of * * determined by people in different historical development periods, which generally has stages. Its core content is a social and political principle about the relationship between people. * * * The same ideal is the rational basis for the existence of society. At this stage, the main task of our people is to build socialism with China characteristics. Building China into a prosperous, strong, democratic and civilized socialist modern country is the goal at this stage and the ideal of the whole people in the primary stage of socialism. The highest ideal is the ultimate goal of people's struggle, and it often has the ultimate significance. It is the highest ideal of our party to establish a capitalist society that distributes according to needs and does everything according to one's ability, and it is the source of strength and spiritual pillar of * * * producers and advanced elements. 1848, Marx and Engels, great proletarian revolutionary instructors, published a manifesto of the * * * production party that shocked the world, describing the proletarian ideal they believed in completely, systematically and closely. The Declaration pointed out that in the future capitalist society, there will be no class, no exploitation, no distinction between workers and peasants, no distinction between urban and rural areas, and no distinction between mental work and manual work. The richness of social products is enough to meet the distribution principle of "each takes what he needs"; People's ideological consciousness and spiritual civilization have been greatly improved, and people are selfless and friendly, instead of cheating and killing each other. * * * The socialist ideal is the most scientific social ideal of mankind. It is based on scientific theory, conforms to the objective law of social development and represents the fundamental interests of working people. Building a socialist society with distribution according to needs and from each according to his ability is the highest program and ultimate goal of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the highest ideal of the people of all ethnic groups in China.
(4) In terms of ideal time sequence, there are long-term ideals and short-term ideals. Long-term ideal refers to the ideal that can only be realized through long-term efforts and unremitting struggle. Capitalism, for example, needs the concerted efforts of generations of Qi Xin, which is the lofty ideal of mankind. Short-term ideal refers to the goal that can be achieved through hard work in a short time.
(5) Life ideal, usually divided by content, can be divided into social and political ideal, moral ideal, life ideal and career ideal.
Socio-political ideal refers to a social stratum (stratum, group) or individual's yearning and overall assumption of the future social system in class society, including the foresight of the future social outlook.
Moral ideal refers to the ideal personality of a certain society, class or individual, and it is the highest standard of behavior that people pursue morally.
Life ideal refers to people's yearning for and pursuit of future material life and spiritual life goals under the guidance of social ideal and moral ideal.
Social and political ideals, moral ideals, life ideals and career ideals are all products of social development, which have distinct characteristics of the times and develop with social development. They are closely related and penetrate each other, which together constitute a large system of personal life ideals and have a comprehensive impact on human activities. Among them, social and political ideals play a leading role, running through moral ideals, life ideals and career ideals; Moral ideal, professional ideal and life ideal embody social and political ideal from different aspects and are subordinate to social and political ideal. Social and political ideals determine the direction and nature of life ideals, which are the core of life ideals. Generally speaking, ideals mainly refer to social and political ideals.