Arranged marriage of gentry
Zhang Youyi, 1900, a native of Baoshan County, Jiangsu Province. Her grandfather was the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, and her father, Zhang Runzhi, was a doctor with a relatively rich family. Later, because Zhang Jiabao, the eldest son, was suspected of stealing his cousin's jewelry, Zhang Runzhi angrily gave up his ancestral home to practice medicine in Nanxiang County, and his family fell into poverty. With eight men and four women gradually growing up and entering the upper class, the Zhang family began to tide over the difficulties and move towards a new round of prosperity.
Zhang Youyi is the second girl in her family and the eighth among her brothers and sisters. Her second brother Zhang Junmai was born in 1887 10. 1906 studied in Japan and was admitted to Waseda University to study law and political science. When I was studying in Japan, I met Liang Qichao in exile and founded a political news agency with Liang Qichao and others. 19 10 returned to the examination department. The following year, he passed the imperial examination and was awarded the imperial academy Jishi Shu, becoming the last academician of the Qing Dynasty. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Zhang Junmai became the speaker of Baoshan County Council, organized a seminar on construction with Tang Hualong and Lin Changmin, and reorganized into a modern parliamentary party-the Democratic Party. 19 13 years, with the support of Liang Qichao, he went to Germany via Russia and entered Berlin University to study for a doctorate in political science. 19 15 After returning to China, he successively served as director of Zhejiang Negotiation Bureau, editor-in-chief of current affairs news, secretary of the International Affairs Committee of the Cabinet, and secretary of the Presidential Palace Feng.
Zhang Gongquan, the fourth brother of Zhang Youyi, was born in 1889, and was admitted as a scholar in 1904. 1905 was admitted to Beijing University and studied under the famous educator Tang. 1906, with the help of Tang, went to Japan to study currency, banking, politics and economy. 1909 After returning to China at the beginning of 2009, he served as the secretary of the Highway Management Office of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, responsible for editing post and telecommunications. 19 1 1 In August, he arrived in Shanghai and started to organize the political group "China Progressive Alliance" with his good friend Zhu Qinglai. 1965438+In July 2002, he served as the secretary of Zhejiang Governor Zhu Rui. 19 13 12, recommended by Tang Juedun, president of Bank of China, became the vice president of Bank of China Shanghai Branch. Since then, he has been engaged in banking for 22 years. He used to be the general manager of Bank of China, the deputy governor of the central bank and the director of the central trust company.
zhang youyi
19 13 when Zhang Gongquan, then secretary of Zhejiang governor's office, visited the middle school attached to Hangzhou, he was attracted by a student composition. This book "On the Relationship between Novel and Society" vividly imitates Liang Qichao's "elegant writing and simple writing". His calligraphy level is higher than ordinary people. After investigation, he learned that the author of the article was Xu Shenru's only son. Xu Shenru was a wealthy businessman in Haining County and later became famous at home and abroad. Zhang Gongquan, who is eager for love, wrote a letter to Xu Shenru, proposing to betroth his second sister Zhang Youyi to Xu's son. Although Xu Shenru is the richest man in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, he runs industrial and commercial enterprises such as electric light factory, silk factory, cloth factory, Xu Yufeng sauce garden and Yutong Bank. In the traditional society of China, "everything is inferior, only reading is noble". He has not been famous for generations, and it is natural that he can marry the Zhang family.
Zhang Youyi, aged 13, is a sophomore in Jiangsu Second Women's Normal School. The school was founded by Cheng Dequan, Governor of Jiangsu Province, on July 19 12. Xu Zhimo, who is three years older than him, is only 16 years old. This is a typical arranged marriage. Adult parents decide everything for underage men and women.
19 15, 15 On February 5th, both parents held an extremely grand wedding in Shi Xia Chamber of Commerce for Zhang Youyi, aged 16, and Xu Zhimo, aged 18. On the wedding day, Zhang Youyi wore a red and white dress, because Xu Zhimo had made it clear that he wanted the bride. On their wedding night, Zhang Youyi wanted to tell Xu Zhimo that she thanked fate. Now she is a member of the Xu family, and she is willing to serve them. However, her traditional education does not allow women to speak first at this time; Xu Zhimo just looked at her nervously and expectantly, saying nothing. This is the beginning of silence between them.
Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi.
Xu zhimo's ruthless betrayal
When she first came, Zhang Youyi wanted to go out for a walk, but the Xu family didn't allow her to go out alone, so she stayed in the deep courtyard all day. When she makes shoes for her mother-in-law, she must embroider them carefully and sew them beautifully and elegantly, but for herself, she is so ordinary that she can wear them. She is noble, polite, silent and dignified. Although he was favored by Xu Zhimo's older parents, he did not touch Xu Zhimo's heartstrings.
Unlike Zhang Youyi and Xu Shenru, the only sons of the newly rich industrialists and businessmen, Xu Zhimo thrived in carefree, unrestrained and even high-spirited. After a few weeks of marriage, Xu Zhimo left his hometown to study. 19 16 autumn, admitted to Tianjin Beiyang university pre-law school. 19 17, the law department of Beiyang University was merged into Peking University. Under the introduction of Jiang Baili, Zhang Junmai and others, Xu Shen spent 65,438+0,000 yuan to make his son fall at Liang Qichao's door and become his disciple.
19 18, Xu Jikai, the grandson nicknamed "Ahuan", was born, which indicated that Xu Zhimo had initially completed the task of carrying on the family line. 19 18 On August 4th, under the urging and support of his mentor Liang Qichao, Xu Zhimo took a Nanjing ship from Shanghai Shipu Wharf to the United States with the political ambition of "applying what he has learned and benefiting the country and the people". He was accompanied by Zhu Jiahua, Cha and Dong Shi.
1On September 24th, 920, 23-year-old Xu Zhimo went to England with Liu Shuhe without writing a master's thesis at Columbia University, and studied for a doctorate at the School of Political Economy of London University with the provocative Fabian socialist theorist Lasky. When Xu Zhimo first entered the School of Political Economy of the University of London, he signed up for six courses in one breath, went to woolwich Wharf with Mrs Lasky to observe democratic elections, and wrote several long articles for the magazine Reform founded by Liang Qichao and others. However, all this fundamentally changed his romantic love and absolute beauty with Lin. Between Lasky's knowledge and Lin's beauty, Xu Zhimo is more obsessed with the latter.
Because absent-minded Xu Zhimo often plays truant, it is easy for the school to find Laxida dignitaries, and teachers and students also have differences in their studies. With the help of Goss Watson Dickinson, a famous British writer and social activist, Xu Zhimo had to transfer from the School of Economics of University of London to the Royal College of Cambridge. He just went abroad, went to Zhang Youyi, where Xu Zhimo had been, and had to follow Xu Zhimo from London to Sha, a small town six miles from Cambridge. Zhang Youyi thought she could sing with her husband and start studying again after going abroad, but she became a housewife, busy shopping, washing clothes, cleaning the room and preparing three meals a day. The profligate Xu Zhimo only took out a small part of the check sent by Xu Shenru to support his family.
During his stay in London, Zhang Youyi felt Xu Zhimo's intuition of falling in love with other women. 192 1 One morning in August, Xu Zhimo told Zhang Youyi that one of his girlfriends was coming to see him. Zhang Youyi was mistaken for Xu Zhimo's second wife. In fact, she is Yuan who graduated from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and is about to return to China. After Xu Zhimo sent Yuan away, Zhang Youyi commented: "Well, he looks ok, but his feet and clothes don't match." Xu Zhimo turned around and shouted rudely, "I knew it, so I want a divorce." A week later, Xu Zhimo suddenly disappeared from home and betrayed Zhang Youyi, who was pregnant for more than four months.
Respect the business legends of men and women.
When she was eight months pregnant, Zhang Youyi accompanied her seventh brother Jingqiu from Paris to Berlin. 1922 On February 24th, she gave birth to her second son, Peter, in the hospital. When she returned to the house where she and her seventh brother lived, Xu Zhimo's letter to Wu was already on the table. At Zhang Youyi's insistence, the next day she met Xu Zhimo who had been here for half a year. Jin and Wu attended the meeting. Until now, Zhang Youyi didn't know that Xu Zhimo was in love with Lin.
Xu Zhimo unilaterally drafted a divorce agreement in quadruplicate, stating that both men and women unanimously decided to dissolve the marriage and the woman received alimony of 5,000 yuan. Zhang Youyi signed the divorce agreement in front of Wu, Jin and others, and then opened her eyes to Xu Zhimo, who is useless, on her wedding night: "Go find a better wife!"
When she was in Paris with her second brother, Zhang Junmai, Zhang Youyi wrote a letter to Joe, telling her that she was pregnant and wanted to study. Xu Shenru sends her a check for $300 every month. In Germany, Zhang Youyi used the money to pay the rent and tuition, as well as the living expenses of raising children and hiring a nanny. Dora, a 40-year-old nanny, is a kind and gentle Viennese woman. With her help, Zhang Youyi applied to enter Pace Tarozzi College to study early childhood education.
1925 February 10 In the evening, Xu Zhimo, who was caught in a new round of love dispute because he couldn't catch up with Lin, boarded the train to Europe via Siberia under the gaze of Lu Xiaoman and others. The first stop of his trip to Europe was Berlin, Germany. His second son, Peter, was hospitalized with peritonitis. /kloc-in March of 0/9, Peter died less than one month before his third birthday. Xu Zhimo, who has never been a father, arrived in Berlin a week later. On March 26th, Xu Zhimo, unwilling and unable to be a qualified husband or father, praised Zhang Youyi betrayed by him in his love letter to Lu Xiaoman: "C is a woman with ambition and courage." In the past two years, she has made great progress and the pace of independence is firm. Her mind does have a channel. "
1926 February 2 1 Day On the ninth day of the first lunar month, Xu Zhimo returned to Shixia Town, Haining, Zhejiang Province to spend the Spring Festival with his parents. He told Lu Xiaoman the good news and said, "Our family's property is almost divided, and it is a family with my uncle's family." But with the operation of the property, management still needs to be unified. The so-called "branch" means that it comes in and out every year, and the sources are mostly ordinary. Such as soy sauce, silver and other industries. Then open it in triplicate in the name of dad: the older generation keeps one for themselves, the younger generation keeps one for the musical instrument and Huaner, and we each take one. This is the temporary control law of the industry. '
Xu Rongchu and Xu Shenru have never been separated. This separation is not so much to prepare for the marriage between Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman as to solve a legal personal attachment relationship for Zhang Youyi who was betrayed and abandoned by Xu Zhimo: "Xiaoyi still lives in the name of her daughter and undertakes the responsibility of educating her children before marriage. If she doesn't marry, she will manage her family property. "
Prior to this, Zhang Youyi returned to China with his seventh brother Jingqiu and myna in Siberia at the request of Xu Shenru. In order to educate her son in her own way and persuade Xu Zhimo's parents to let her take Ah Huan to Beijing to study, she has always held the dream of remarriage with Xu Zhimo. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/927, Zhang Youyi and Ahuan went back to Shanghai to offer their condolences. Since then, she has been living in the apartment given to her by Xu Shen at Haig Road 125. Zhang Youyi once taught German at Soochow University, and later opened the first Shanghai fashion company named after Shang Yun on Jing 'an Temple Road. The biggest shareholder of the company is obviously her father-in-law and adoptive father Xu Shenru. Because of this, Xu Zhimo introduced in a letter to Zhou Zuoren on August 3, 1927: "I have two new stores; The new bookstore wants to hear the opinions of the old people. There is also a Shang Yun fashion company that gives advice to ladies. Don't you laugh? "
Shortly after the establishment of Shang Yun, Zhang Youyi accepted the recommendation of Zhang Gongquan, vice president of Bank of China Shanghai Head Office, and became the vice president of Shanghai Women's Commercial Bank. 1931On April 23rd, Xu Zhimo's mother Qian died of illness, and Lu Xiaoman rushed to Haining. Xu Shenru won't let her in. Zhang Youyi, betrayed and abandoned by Xu Zhimo, gradually created a feminist legend in the business world through his limited attachment to the Xu family, and won the full respect of Xu Shenru and his wife. Under the circumstances that Xu Zhimo is unwilling and unable to undertake the family responsibility of a qualified husband and Lu Xiaoman is unwilling and unable to undertake the family responsibility of a qualified wife, Zhang Youyi is duty-bound to take on the responsibility of the Xu family, which is a combination of traditional housekeeper and modern manager. Qian's funeral was presided over by Zhang Youyi in the name of his goddaughter.
193 1 year1month 19, Xu zhimo's postal plane crashed on a mountain near Dangjiazhuang, Jinan. When Lu Xiaoman, the legal wife, couldn't handle it, Zhang Youyi, the acting director of the company, calmly and decisively handled everything: let his younger brother Yu Jiu take 13 Ah Huan to Jinan to claim the body. At the public sacrifice ceremony, Lu Xiaoman tried to change Xu Zhimo's clothes and coffins into western-style ones, but Zhang Youyi resolutely refused.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Youyi hoarded military dyes. When the price rose to 100 times, it could not be bought from Germany, so it was sold at a high price. After that, she used the huge sum of money she earned to invest in cotton and gold, which is still aboveboard.
Huan, born and raised, graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering of Jiaotong University with a bachelor's degree, and then went to the United States to study and obtained a master's degree from Columbia University. 1947 moved to the United States with Zhang.
1April, 949, Zhang Youyi left the mainland and moved to Hong Kong. Her downstairs neighbor, Dr. Su Jizhi, divorced his wife and took a daughter and three sons to make a living. After dating for a period of time, Su Jizhi proposed to Zhang Youyi. 1953, 53-year-old Zhang Youyi and Su Jizhi got married in a hotel in Tokyo. After marriage, they lived together for 20 years. 1972, Su Jizhi died of intestinal cancer. After burying her husband, Zhang Youyi moved to new york and lived near her son, leading a simple and regular life.
1988, Zhang Youyi died at the age of 88 and was buried in the scenic Ev cemetery in Fernow, a suburb of new york. The tombstone is engraved with the words "Su Zhang Friendship". Through her limited attachment to the patriarchal family, Liang Shiqiu expressed the most pertinent view on the feminist legend of self-reliance and self-reliance created by Zhang Youyi in the business world: "She lived silently and strongly, and she did her duty to her husband, her husband's family and her son. All people with conscience should be respected. "