There are three definitions of a university: first, it refers to a school that implements higher education, which refers to a higher education institution that provides teaching and research conditions and authorizes the award of degrees, including comprehensive universities, junior colleges and higher vocational colleges. Two, especially in multi-disciplinary colleges and universities, there are generally various majors in philosophy and social sciences (liberal arts) and natural sciences (science and engineering). Third,? Imperial academy's Book of Rites: "The primary school is in the south and the university is in the suburbs." Dai Fu Bao: "When you go to college, you learn a lot, which is a great festival." Lu argued: "The university is to the east of the palace. Tie your hair and call it a child. " History of rites and music in Han Dynasty: "The kings in ancient times took education as their major task, established universities to teach the country, and made urgent orders to change the city."
The word university comes from three sources: first, it refers to schools that implement higher education, and refers to higher education institutions that provide teaching and research conditions, including universities, colleges and higher vocational colleges. Second, business schools. "Book of Rites": "The primary school is in the south and the university is in the suburbs." Dai Fu Bao: "When you go to college, you learn a lot, which is a great festival." Lu argued: "The university is to the east of the palace. Tie your hair and call it a child. " History of rites and music in Han Dynasty: "The kings in ancient times took education as their major task, established universities to teach the country, and made urgent orders to change the city." University, one of the four classics of three Confucianism. ...
Basic explanation
1, a higher education institution providing teaching and research conditions.
Usually there are many majors, and then several similar majors form departments or colleges. Specialty here refers to specialties, such as medical university, agricultural university, forestry university, pharmaceutical university, business university, high-tech university and so on.
The concept of modern university comes from British universities (universities are institutions where students study for degrees and conduct academic research).
2. Part of the Book of Rites
According to legend, it was written by Ceng Zi, and many scholars in modern times thought it was a Confucian work in Qin and Han Dynasties. This paper comprehensively summarizes the moral cultivation, moral function of pre-Qin Confucianism and its relationship with governing the country and calming the world. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu called The Book of Rites, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean the Four Books.
Appendix: A summary of the University, mainly focusing on the representative works of Neo-Confucianism, such as Cultivating Self-cultivation, Keeping the Family in Order, Governing the Country and Leveling the World, etc. The author Zeng Shen (cān) is Kong Qiu's favorite student; Confucian scholars in the late Spring and Autumn Period. "University" is a study for adults, and it is also a compulsory course for future monarchs and pillars leading the world. In the past, universities were glue; Itching in primary school; The place where lectures are given is the school; Private schools are private schools and teachers are teachers.
Education service
Universities are one of the institutions of higher education, providing teaching and research conditions, and universities also include higher vocational colleges.
In feudal China, the word "university" not only refers to the "university" which is one of the four Confucian classics, but also refers to the institutions that gather in specific places to sort out, study and disseminate advanced knowledge. According to documents, universities, as institutions with higher education functions, can be traced back to Cheng Jun and Shandong during the Five Emperors. Dong Zhongshu said, "When the prestigious schools of the Five Emperors become evenly matched, it will be unbearable to itch. ".Yu Shunshi established Shangdong, meaning" institution of higher learning "; Zheng Xuan: "Shangdong is a university, in the western suburb of Wangcheng. "Later, the Eastern Preface of Xia Dynasty, Zhuan Xu of Shang Dynasty and Biyong of Zhou Dynasty were the highest institutions of learning in the capital at that time.
From the imperial era to the Han Dynasty, the central government established Imperial College as the highest institution of higher learning, and local governments began to set up local government-run institutions of higher learning for students of the same age, such as county schools, state schools, official schools and county schools, which were equivalent to public universities of different classes. Students who do well in low-level universities can enter higher-level universities. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, imperial academy was changed to imperial academy, and academies appeared after the Tang Dynasty. Academies can be divided into undergraduate departments and junior departments, some of which are not strictly distinguished, some are government-run, some are private, and many are privately run by the government. Bailuyuan Academy, Bailudong Academy, Yingtianfu Academy, Songyang Academy, Shigu Academy and Maoshan Academy are all representatives of famous academies. Traditional schools in China train officials and scholars who serve the public and political affairs, and focus on Confucian humanistic education.
In addition, there are specialized discipline departments or specialized higher education institutions. In the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, there were museums of Confucianism, metaphysics, literature and history. After the merger, it is divided into five parts: Confucianism, Taoism, literature and history, Yin and Yang. There was a law school, a calligraphy school and an arithmetic school in imperial academy in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there was an overflow pavilion dedicated to training diplomatic translators. In addition, there are specialized scientific research and application service institutions with talent training functions, such as Taiyiguang in the medical field, Si or Qin in the astronomical calendar field, etc. There are also comprehensive academic research institutions, such as Hualin Research Province established in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, which is equivalent to the later Academia Sinica.