The Rise of Great Powers mainly tells about the rise of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States. Anyone familiar with world history knows that Portugal and Spain are the most advanced countries in the navigation field in 15 and 16 centuries. Thanks to the support of the royal family, they have made great achievements. After completing his voyage around the world, Portuguese Magellan opened up many colonies around the world with the help of muskets and guns, and plundered a lot of colonial wealth. Become the earliest rising power in the world. But they were strong only by plundering for a while, and soon declined. This is why Spanish and Portuguese are the official languages in some parts of Latin America. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, the Netherlands relied on its convenient geographical location and developed industry and commerce to conduct global trade and gained a lot of benefits, thus becoming the third rising country. However, due to the natural reasons that its land area is too narrow, it gradually declined with the rise of the industrial revolution. The Dutch established the earliest stock trading system, banking system and credit system in the world, which are still in use today. Britain is an old imperialist country, which defeated the Spanish fleet in the naval battle of16th century and gained maritime hegemony. Queen Elizabeth I's encouragement of ocean exploration and trade, enlightened attitude towards governing the country and compromise means to deal with social contradictions have brought this marginal island country an early glory. They also acquired a large number of colonies, plundered and sold cheap products. Later, the king firmly believed in the divine right of monarchy, and the contradiction with the emerging bourgeoisie became increasingly acute, so a bourgeois revolution broke out and a constitutional monarchy was established. With the British colonial expansion and the maturity of overseas markets, the demand for goods is increasing, and the production of manual workshops can no longer meet the needs. In order to encourage invention, Britain promulgated the earliest patent law in the world. All this has led to a scene in Britain where the whole people are keen on invention, production and trade. When Newton discovered the law of the universe, the scientific spirit penetrated into British society; When Watt finally solved the core power problem with the universal steam engine, British industrialization began to spread out in an all-round way at an alarming speed. When Adam Smith pointed out the market law of free competition with The Wealth of Nations, the British began to promote free trade and expand the global market with the support of their strong industrial capabilities. With the joint efforts of all parties, Britain became the first industrialized country in the world. During this period, Britain defeated its powerful neighbor France and became the largest colonial empire in the world. From the middle and late19th century, the colonies became the burden of the British Empire, and the disadvantages of the free market economy gradually emerged, and Britain's development began to slow down, eventually losing its position as the world hegemon.