In recent years, there are more and more advertisements with children as advertising characters and children's images as advertising content on TV screens. Correspondingly, in real life, it is also common for children to hold their parents' hands and visit supermarkets and shops to guide family consumption. Let children speak for advertising products and attract a large number of children of the same age with one or two children, which is the usual means of many operators. In this regard, experts pointed out that many children's advertisements are expressive and infectious, with only one purpose, that is, to guide children to buy the advertised goods, such as "Did you drink today", "Did I drink, did you drink" and other children's advertisements appear on TV screens almost every day.
The insiders believe that children do not have the ability to distinguish commercial advertisements, nor do they have the ability to choose whether to watch them. Therefore, children's advertisements should be restricted. During the "two sessions" last year, members of 1 1, including Cai Zixing, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a professor at Central South University, jointly proposed to stop using children for advertising. Cai Zixing believes that it is a kind of mental pollution for children to let them act as money-making tools for businesses and get involved in market economy and commercial activities prematurely. Premature imposition of the concept of fame and fortune on children will bring great trauma and pressure to their bodies and minds. At the same time, advertisements with children will also have a negative impact on the children who watch TV advertisements.
On May 24th, Huichang Chen, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Child Psychology of Beijing Normal University, said in a telephone interview that psychologists' research shows that advertisements may have various negative effects on children besides entertainment, knowledge enrichment and aesthetic education. First of all, if there is a lack of children's perspective when designing advertisements, problems may arise. For example, some cartoon advertisements with scary content may make some timid and introverted children have intense physiological and psychological reactions. Secondly, advertisements will cause conflicts between children and parents in consumption. Parents will get angry if they don't buy products advertised for their children. Third, advertising may also have an indirect impact on children's peer relationship. Huichang Chen once did a study. When asked, "Would you rather play with a good boy without toys or a boy with toys but not very good?", 65% of children who watched advertisements for children's toys chose "a boy with toys but not very good", while only 30% of children in a control group who did not watch advertisements made this choice.
Article 8 of the Advertising Law stipulates that advertisements shall not harm the physical and mental health of minors. Such regulations are too general and lack operability. Huichang Chen said that in some countries, there is usually a specialized agency composed of experts in education, psychology and media to review advertisements, which is responsible for reviewing and checking the contents of children's advertisements. Institutions that make children's advertisements must hire psychological and educational experts to conduct necessary research, for example, to conduct a sample survey among children to see their reactions to advertisements, and then, on this basis, submit an advertisement application to the advertising review agency. This method can reduce the side effects of bad advertisements on children. Huichang Chen said that we still have a long way to go in this regard.
Childhood obesity is caused by many factors.
On May 20th this year, China Student Nutrition Day, the blue book "Nutrition and Health Status of School-age Children and Adolescents with Different Family Income in China" released by the Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of China CDC showed that the overweight rate of children and adolescents in the highest family income group was 3.6 times that of the lowest group, while the obesity rate was 4.6 times that of the lowest group. The problem of childhood obesity has been widely concerned by society and families (see figure).
The Blue Book divides school-age children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 into different family income groups, and analyzes their nutritional and health status. The concepts of different groups of family income are: the per capita annual income of families is lower than that of 800 yuan and 800 yuan to 1.999 yuan, 2000-4999 yuan, 5000-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine yuan and 1.000 yuan or more. The overweight rates of five groups of children and adolescents with low to high family income were 3. 1%, 3.6%, 5.7%, 8.3%,1.1%respectively. The overweight rate and obesity rate of different family income groups are higher in cities than in rural areas. At the same time, the fat energy supply ratio of children and adolescents in high-income families is high, reaching 39.2% in cities and 35.2% in rural areas respectively, exceeding the upper limit of 30% recommended by the World Health Organization, indicating that the dietary structure of children and adolescents with high family income is unreasonable and overnourished.
The blue book shows that the overweight rate of school-age children and adolescents in China has increased by 19.4% compared with 1992. What causes children to get fatter and fatter? According to experts' analysis, from the perspective of eating habits, high-calorie and high-fat western-style fast food has gradually become an important part of children's lives. Among urban children, especially in some provincial capitals, nearly 30% of school-age children eat western-style fast food almost once a week. In addition, children's increased autonomy in food is also one of the reasons for their unbalanced nutrition. Lack of exercise is another important cause of childhood obesity. According to the survey, children aged 7- 12 in China spend an average of two hours watching TV, half an hour using computers and 40 minutes watching cartoons every day. On holidays, they watch TV for as long as 3 hours and 50 minutes, with little outdoor activities or physical exercise.
On May 22nd, Su, vice chairman of China Nutrition Society, told reporters that the prevention of obesity should start with the fetus. Newborns weighing more than 4.2kg at birth are more likely to be obese again, while low birth weight infants weighing less than 2.5kg are also prone to obesity in the follow-up catch-up. In order to avoid giving birth to macrosomia or low birth weight infants, pregnant women should take balanced but not excessive nutrition during pregnancy to maintain proper weight gain.
In addition, breastfeeding your baby can prevent childhood obesity. A study on the relationship between adolescent obesity and feeding history in Canada found that the obesity risk of non-breastfed children is 2-4 times that of breastfed children. Therefore, babies should insist on breastfeeding after birth to prevent childhood obesity.
More importantly, parents should cultivate their children's good eating habits. Experts point out that children who are overweight and obese before the age of 5 are twice as likely to be obese as normal-weight children in adulthood. Therefore, during this period, parents should cultivate their children to develop good habits of not being picky about food, not being partial to food, not overeating, chewing slowly, staying away from unhealthy food and loving sports. If the child is already obese, under the guidance of a doctor, he should patiently and persistently adjust his diet, correct bad behavior and strengthen physical activity. Obese children, parents, teachers and doctors * * * participate in comprehensive prevention and control programs, gradually control their weight and tend to grow normally. Remember that it is not advisable to take diet pills or do surgery to lose weight in childhood.
It's all their fault that children are not addicted to internet.
Online shopping, online telephone, online consultation ... While we enjoy the convenience brought by the Internet, the word Internet addiction appears in front of us more and more frequently, and many children are caught in the black hole of Internet addiction. Internet addiction among teenagers has become an increasingly prominent social problem (see photo).
2005122 October, 165438+ The first survey report on adolescent Internet addiction in China-China Youth Internet Addiction Data Report was released. The survey shows that there are16.5 million underage netizens in China, of which 2.45 million are not only addicted to the internet. On May 20th this year, the latest survey of Shanghai Mental Health Center showed that nearly 1 1% of teenagers have been addicted to or are heading for the world of internet addiction. The common characteristics of these children are poor social skills and competitive at the same time. After being frustrated in real life, they often seek a sense of accomplishment in the network.
According to reports, Internet addiction, also known as Internet addiction syndrome, is mainly manifested in the long online time, which is difficult to control, resulting in irrational dependence. Even if patients realize the seriousness of the problem, they still can't control themselves. Often manifested as depression, dizziness, shaking hands, fatigue, loss of appetite and so on. Tao Hongkai, a professor at Huazhong Normal University, said in an interview that the problem of internet addiction in recent years is similar to that of teenagers playing billiards and video games, but the interactivity and participation of the network are more attractive, and minors are more likely to become addicted when their self-control ability is not strong.
It is understood that in recent years, tragedies caused by teenagers' internet addiction have occurred constantly. In February 2004, Zhang, a 0/3-year-old boy from Tianjin/Kloc, was addicted to online games and committed suicide by jumping off a building. In March 2005, two junior high school students in Shapingba District of Chongqing were exhausted after surfing the Internet all night. They fell asleep on the tracks when they came home and were run over by a speeding train. In April this year, eight teenagers in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province indulged in online violent games and beat one person to death for no reason. Other teenagers turned against their parents because they were addicted to online games, dropped out of school and left home, and even took risks and robbed and killed people because they didn't have the money to surf the Internet.
Tao Hongkai believes that Internet addiction not only makes children neglect their studies, but also causes crimes and a series of deep-seated social problems. Analyzing the causes of teenagers' Internet addiction, Tao Hongkai thinks that it is mainly related to unhealthy family education methods. "Most families with children addicted to the Internet lack parent-child communication, parent-child relationship deteriorates, and parents' education methods are improper. On the one hand, these parents spoil their children too much, on the other hand, they expect too much from their children, only paying attention to their academic performance and neglecting their character cultivation. This is a misunderstanding of education. Parents are still the key for children to quit internet addiction. In addition, society and schools are also important environments that affect the growth of young people. Nowadays, exam-oriented education in schools mostly excludes and discriminates against "problem" children. Coupled with the influence of bad social culture, immature teenagers are prone to addiction as soon as they come into contact with unhealthy networks.
Tao Ran, director of the Youth Growth Center of the General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, believes that teenagers' Internet addiction is inseparable from the family environment and parental rearing patterns. One is the overflow of love, and the other is the lack of love. In the Internet age, it is impossible for children not to touch the Internet. Parents should communicate more with their children and give them more understanding and trust in order to help them quit Internet addiction.
According to the reporter, in the past two years, the whole society has been paying attention to and taking action to solve the problem of teenagers' internet addiction. The government has developed the first anti-addiction system for online games in China, released the patriotic online game "Heroes Call Heroes", set up Internet addiction treatment centers in various places, and launched summer camps to stop Internet addiction. Tao Hongkai believes that these are all good measures. After all, solving the problem of Internet addiction cannot be completed by a single family or individual, and it requires the joint efforts of the whole society.
● Related links Children's "heart disease" should be treated as soon as possible.
The problem of children's abnormal consumption can not be ignored, and all kinds of psychological problems that children will encounter in the process of growing up should also be paid attention to. According to experts, this "growing trouble" is not a serious disease, but if it is not treated in time, it may become a mental illness. Chen Xiaohong, Vice Minister of Health, revealed in an interview with the media that the incidence of mental illness and psychological and behavioral problems among children in China is 12%. At present, there are about 340 million children aged 4- 17 in China. According to this incidence, about 40 million children have psychological problems.
It is understood that in order to solve the psychological problems of primary and secondary school students, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission issued the Basic Requirements for the Construction of Psychological Counseling Rooms in Primary and Secondary Schools and Vocational Schools in 2006, and plans to set up psychological counseling rooms and arrange psychological counseling teachers in every primary and secondary school and vocational school in the city. A few days ago, the reporter conducted an investigation and found that the school psychological counseling room was left out by students.
On May 2 1 day, Mr. Dong from Beijing Fengtai No.2 Middle School told the reporter that the psychological counseling teachers in this school give students a psychological lesson once a week, and they will also give them individual counseling if necessary. For students at different learning stages, psychological counseling teachers will carry out activities such as adjustment of admission adaptability, decompression before exams, and guidance for further studies. In addition, psychological counseling teachers also provide counseling on mental health knowledge and skills to other in-service teachers and parents of students.
Teacher Liu of an experimental school in Xuanwu District, Beijing told the reporter that the school has a mailbox for psychological help. Although there are teachers who study psychology, there is no psychological counseling for students. The person in charge of Ritan Middle School's Moral Education Office told the reporter that there is no psychological counseling room in the school at present and it will be prepared in the future.
The psychological counseling room of Beijing No.7 Middle School was established six years ago, and it is the earliest school in Beijing to open psychological counseling room. According to Mr. Zang, the school's psychological counseling room, not many students come here for counseling every day. Teacher Zang believes that teachers are the main restrictive factors in developing mental health education in primary and secondary schools at present. "At present, there are very few psychological counseling teachers who have some understanding of students' psychology and are familiar with the teaching situation in primary and secondary schools. In addition, the psychological counseling room should be located as far away from the teaching area and office area as possible, and it is best to have a name that students can easily accept, such as intimate room, chat room, mood bar and so on. As far as possible, the interior is arranged as a private conversation space, which is warm, safe and humanized. Just like at home, it helps students adjust their mentality. " Teacher Yan said.
Dr. Shan Zhiyan, from the Department of Psychology and Special Education of the National Institute of Educational Sciences, said in a telephone interview that the school psychological counseling room was neglected because there was a phenomenon in psychological counseling, that is, ordinary people were unwilling to consult familiar people. Many school counselors know their students, which makes them feel unnatural. In addition, students lack knowledge of mental health and don't know what psychological problems are. Therefore, she thinks it is particularly necessary to popularize mental health knowledge in primary and secondary schools.
On May 20th, Liang, director of pediatrics department of Beijing Anding Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and deputy director of Beijing Children and Adolescents Mental Health Center, told the reporter that when many children have psychological abnormalities, their performance is relatively mild, which failed to attract the attention of parents and teachers. Parents didn't realize the seriousness of the problem until these psychological diseases affected their academic performance. Generally speaking, when children have psychological problems, there will be abnormal changes in mood, behavior and physiology. These external manifestations can be regarded as psychological help signals, so parents should pay attention to this and do psychological counseling as soon as possible.
Shan Zhiyan said that childhood is the golden age to cultivate healthy psychology, and all kinds of habits and behavior patterns are laid at this time. Therefore, parents and teachers should pay attention to this and educate their children with scientific psychological knowledge.