The conceptual design and preliminary design of Kingkey Financial Center are undertaken by Terry Farrell Design Company (TFP) Hong Kong Branch, which has designed projects such as Incheon Airport in Seoul, Beijing South Railway Station and Guangzhou New Railway Station. The structural and electromechanical design is undertaken by ARUP Port Company, and its famous projects in China include Beijing Bird's Nest, Water Cube, CCTV New Building and Guangzhou Sightseeing Tower. The height-width ratio of the main tower of Jingji Financial Center is 9.5 ∶ 1, which is the highest among skyscrapers in China. "The greater the aspect ratio, the more difficult it is to build and design," said Ye Linqing.
The design difficulties of skyscrapers mainly lie in building structure, fire safety and vertical traffic system. For the Jingji Building with the aspect ratio of 9.5 ∶ 1, the building structure needs repeated scientific tests before the final design scheme can be obtained. The whole project design took 1 year and a half, and the detailed construction drawing design also took nearly 1 year. Only in Watson Design Company, all the drawings are neatly stacked together, and the height reaches 1 m.. The main tower of Jingji is narrow in the east-west direction and wide in the north-south direction, and the outer wall adopts all-glass curtain wall. In the building structure, the core tube and truss structure are adopted to make the building strong. The thickness of the first floor core tube bearing plate wall is 2.7m.. To the 73rd and 74th floors, the wall thickness of the core tube is also 0.5m ... For example, the four corner columns on the first floor are all square steel tubes of 4m by 3m, and then concrete is poured inside. The core structure of the building is formed by connecting the outrigger truss with the core tube, and matching with the waist truss and the giant inclined truss.
The waist truss is used on five structural reinforcement layers, which are also fire stairs. Different from other skyscrapers, the structural reinforcement floors of Jingji Building occupy two standard floors, which are located at 18 ~ 19, 37 ~ 38, 55 ~ 59, 73 ~ 74 and 9 1 ~ 92 respectively. These trusses, like bamboo joints, not only fix the building, but also reduce the shaking amplitude of the building. These trusses need to be welded at the site of the building floor. One such truss must be welded continuously for 65,438+02 hours, and 8 such trusses will be used for each strengthening layer. How to control the swing amplitude of buildings in strong winds is a key issue for skyscraper designers. The problem of wind pressure resistance of skyscrapers is very complicated. It can neither sway (otherwise it will break easily) nor sway too much in the wind. Not only the maximum swing force that the structure can bear, but also the comfort of people living in the building should be considered. In order to solve this problem, the designer made a wind tunnel experiment in Shantou University, which lasted only three months.
In order to control the sway of the building in the wind, the designer also designed and placed two active dampers on the 9 1 floor of the building, which are two large lead blocks, each weighing 300 tons, which is the largest in China. The active dampers of Shanghai World Financial Center each weigh 150 tons. How does it work? When the building swings to one side in the wind, the damper will run in the opposite direction under the control of the computer and motor, thus slowing down the swing of the building, similar to the weight of a balance.
In a typhoon area like Shenzhen, what is the design wind pressure resistance of Jingji Building? After verification, Ye Linqing said, "It is designed according to the standard of once-in-a-century typhoon." How big is the typhoon? "It is much bigger than the typhoon of 12." Ye Linqing said. In order to improve the vertical transportation capacity, after many demonstrations, Jingji Building adopted six double-car elevators. Guests can enter the elevators on floors 1 and 2, and transfer to the elevators on higher floors in the air transfer halls on floors 36 and 37. There are 69 elevators in the whole tower.
In addition, there are four high-speed elevators in the tower, which can go directly from the first floor to the hotel lobby on the 94th floor. Its fastest speed is about 9m/s, and it takes about 40 seconds to reach the 94th floor. According to the design, the 73rd to 94th floors of the tower are the platinum five-star Rui J Hotel. Sit in the "dome-shaped" special dining area from the 95th floor to the 98th floor, overlooking Qingpu and Yuen Long in Hong Kong if the weather is good.
In order to prevent the building from catching fire, every steel pipe in the building is coated with 3 cm thick fireproof paint. All the steel and glass curtain walls needed for this building are made in China.
How to turn the designer's idea into reality, construction is the key. The Jingji Financial Center project, undertaken by China Construction Fourth Bureau, has been built more than 320 meters high since it started in June 2007. The 4.2-meter-high standard floor can reach the speed of three days and one floor, but the construction speed of structural reinforcement layer can not be very fast because of many waist trusses and long welding time. The total amount of construction steel used in Jingji Building is close to 60,000 tons. Considering the special aspect ratio and structure of the building, the maximum thickness of the steel plate used is 1.30mm, which is the first time in Shenzhen and even the whole country.
These steels are all made in China, and the required steel structures are processed by Shanghai Baosteel Steel Structure and other three enterprises in the factory, and then transported to Shenzhen by flatbed car. For the convenience of hoisting, the heaviest of these steel members is 37 tons, and each piece is generally around 30 tons.
What is the concept of 60,000 tons of steel? The welds of these steel structures are connected together, and the cumulative length can circle the equator of the earth.
In order to ensure the environmental protection and energy saving of the building, the 85,000-square-meter glass curtain wall of the building is all made in China after environmental protection treatment. These glass curtain walls are made of unit boards, with a height of 4.2m and a width of1.8m. Each standard floor needs 1 16 such units. To build a 400-meter-high skyscraper, the concrete used is required to have both high strength and good fluidity. Therefore, we use C80 high-strength concrete with special proportion. What is the concept of C80? For example, ordinary buildings only need C30 concrete, and skyscrapers generally use C60. C80 high strength concrete may be used in skyscrapers for the first time in China.
Construction of load-bearing floor slab of Jingji Financial Center, pouring concrete 1.3 million cubic meters. To complete this 13000 cubic meter of concrete, mixer trucks lined up one after another, with a length of more than 20 kilometers.