Reasons for the extinction of animals 1) Illegal trade makes wild animals extinct. The first destruction of rare species by human beings is cruel, and that is slaughter. Deer dead velvet; Deer die with deer, all because of human greed. At present, the scale of illegally smuggled money related to wildlife in the world has reached at least $6 billion. This is the third largest illegal trade after arms and drug smuggling. 1 kg musk 50,000 USD; 1 Tibetan antelope cashmere scarf is worth $35000; 1 candelabra cactus can reach 7000 dollars. In addition, Cantonese people in China especially like to eat wild animals.
2) Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation. Humans can level mountains and divert rivers in a short time, so that the global forest will be reduced by 50% in a hundred years. The sudden change of environment caused by this devastating intervention has caused many species to lose their homes and habitats and become extinct, and this situation continues. Among endangered vertebrates, 67% species are threatened by habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation.
Of the 6 1 tropical countries in the world, 49 countries have lost their wild environment. Forests are cut down, wetlands are drained, grasslands are plowed and corals are destroyed, especially in Asia. 94% of the wild habitats in Bangladesh, 97% in Hong Kong, 83% in Sri Lanka and 80% in India have disappeared. As the saying goes: the tree is gone, the forest is gone, and of course there are no monkeys and many animals in the forest? Home? Can you go back? Ecology? The word originally comes from the Greek word ECO, that is? Home? 、? Residence? Meaning.
Among the extinct species, amphibians and reptiles with poor migration ability and island species with nowhere to migrate are more obvious. 85% species in Madagascar are endemic, and there are more than 60 species of lemurs. After humans landed on the island 65,438+0,500 years ago, 90% of the virgin forests disappeared, leaving only 28 species of lemurs (including the mysterious large-sized aye-aye). The fragmentation and islanding of mainland habitats is an increasingly serious event in the past century, which not only limits the spread, feeding and reproduction of animals, but also increases the threat to survival. When an animal migrates from place A to place B, the possibility of being found and destroyed is greatly increased. At present, China plans to build a green corridor for giant pandas to solve this contradiction.
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3) Overexploitation Among the endangered vertebrates, 37% species are threatened by overexploitation, and many wild animals are regarded as? Skin can be worn, hair can be used, meat can be eaten, and organs can be used as medicine? The development and utilization of this object suffered a devastating blow. Ivory, rhinoceros horn, tiger skin, bear gall, bird hair, turtle eggs, seal oil, velvet antler of Tibetan antelope, and more and more wild animal meat have become commodities for human beings to wait for prices. Whales, the largest animals on the earth, are killed for eating whale oil and producing pet food. Tragically catching sharks, this cartilaginous fish that has evolved for 400 million years was cut off and abandoned, just to taste the so-called delicious shark fin. Humans are depriving wild animals of their lives to satisfy their marginal interests (fashion, show off, enjoyment and appetite). What is the result of commercial acquisition of wild species? Commercial extinction? . At present, the global wildlife black market has an annual turnover of more than $654.38+0 billion, which is on a par with arms and drugs, eroding human conscience and aggravating the evil of the world. There used to be billions of traveling pigeons in North America, which can be seen everywhere. A large crowd is coming, covering the clouds and the sun. Colonists exploited America for more than 100 years, and they killed all these birds. When the last pigeon died in September 19 14, many Americans were shocked and watched this once-too-numerous animal become extinct under the development and utilization of human beings. They erected a monument for the traveling pigeons, and the inscription was full of remorse and self-blame. As a species, passenger pigeons became extinct because of human greed and selfishness. ?
4) The threat of blind introduction of human beings to endangered rare vertebrates is 19%, which is fatal to island species. In 400 AD, Polynesians entered Hawaii and introduced mice, dogs and pigs, which made half of the birds (44 species) extinct. 1778, Europeans brought cats, horses, cattle and sheep, and new kinds of mouse and bird diseases. Deforestation and land reclamation made 17 endemic birds extinct. People introduced mongoose to deal with rodents introduced by mistake before, but unexpectedly they ate up the flightless crake on the island. /kloc-Europeans came to Mauritius one after another in the 5th century,/kloc-Portuguese in 0/507,/kloc-Dutch in 0/598. At the same time, monkeys and pigs were introduced at will, which made 8 species of reptiles and 19 species of native birds extinct, especially dodos. On Stephen Island in New Zealand, there is a unique exotic osprey. Because the lighthouse keeper brought 1 cat, the predator actually wiped out all the exotic osprey on the island. 1894, the exotic osprey became extinct, 1 animals became extinct 1 species.
6) environmental pollution 1962, Rachel, USA? Carson's Silent Spring has attracted worldwide attention to the harm of pesticides. For economic purposes, there are countless acts of releasing toxic substances into nature for quick success and instant benefit: chemical products, automobile exhaust, industrial wastewater, toxic metals, crude oil leakage, solid waste, detergents, refrigerants, preservatives, water pollution, acid rain, greenhouse effect and even noise pollution of troops and ships in the ocean are all interfering with whale communication behavior and feeding ability.
Remedial measures for species extinction to maintain biodiversity
? It is a very arduous task to keep the balance of biodiversity on earth and adapt to the development of human beings. Mankind is facing a very important problem, that is, to control the growth of its own population and at the same time carry out effective, orderly and reasonable production methods. ? Feng Weimin said that in order to control the speed of species extinction within a certain range, we must fully realize that although the past production methods can improve production efficiency, they will have serious consequences for the sustainable development of mankind.
? Our present earth is full of birds and flowers, which is completely different from the environment in the past. Life is constantly transforming the earth's surface in the process of evolution, and now the diversity of the earth's environment is the result of continuous evolution after countless disasters. ? In Feng Weimin's view, not only scientists, but everyone should understand the evolution history of the earth's environment and the development process of biodiversity, and get useful enlightenment from it.
Changing the mode of production may be the most important way to save the earth, and it is imperative to build a win-win mode of production to maintain resource development and economic development. In this historical process, will we find new ideas, modes of production and economic operation concepts?
Species extinction is expected to happen at an alarming rate.
Scientists from Europe, Australia, Central and South America and Africa have conducted a two-year study on the six regions with the richest biological species in the world, which account for 20% of the earth's surface area, and reached an amazing preliminary conclusion: due to global warming, in the next 50 years, 1/4 of the animals and plants on the earth's land will be devastated. They predict that there will be 1 10,000 species extinct on the earth in 2050. According to scientists' research, because climate warming is a fait accompli, one tenth of the species that will be extinct are irreversible. But from now on, countries' efforts to control global harmful gas emissions will be able to save more species from the same fate.
Alpine creatures
Alpine creatures have a great chance of survival. According to the research results of scientists, people who live in high mountains are lucky.
Destroy a species
It is more likely to survive than other regions, because when the global climate warms, the species in this region can move to higher and cooler areas. Those who live in flat areas, such as those in Brazil, Mexico and Australia, will have a very fragile living environment in the future. It is almost impossible for creatures in these areas to adapt to the changed climate and environment and have to move to areas thousands of miles away.
birds
Birds have the greatest hope of survival. In theory, birds are one of the most promising species to survive with their strong migration ability. In order to find a more suitable area, birds can fly long distances, but due to the deterioration of natural conditions such as forests, they may not be able to find a truly suitable natural environment for survival. As a result, you can only face death. Professor Thomas, an environmentalist from the University of Leeds, one of the members of the above research team, said: When scientists do scientific research, they all hope to come to a clear conclusion at last.
Butterfly insect
12 species of butterflies in Australia will disappear. Another amazing discovery of scientists is that half of the 24 species of butterflies that have been studied in Australia will disappear forever in the coming years.
In South Africa's major biological reserves, 60% of the protected biological species are in danger of extinction. In the savanna area of central and western Brazil, which accounts for one fifth of Brazil's total area, research shows that more than 70% of the 163 trees in this area will be extinct. Many of these plants are rare species endemic to this area.
European region
Europe is the least affected. Europe is the region where the natural environment is least affected by global climate change. The survival probability of animals and plants in this area is greater than that in other parts of the world. Even so, under the influence of climate warming, a quarter of birds and 1 1% ~ 17% plants in Europe will gradually become extinct in the future. Studies in Mexico show that plants and animals in plain and arid areas are most affected by climate warming. Once the climate changes slightly, these animals and plants need to migrate far away to find a new environment suitable for survival. Of the 65,438+0,870 species of animals and plants studied in this area, one third will face survival crisis in the future.
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