1, age characteristics. Most college students in China are in the middle stage of youth (18-24 years old). At this stage, the individual's physical development has almost been completed, and he has already possessed the physique and various physiological functions of an adult, but his psychology is not yet mature. As far as college students are concerned, an important task they face is to promote their psychological maturity in order to become a mentally healthy adult. It can be said that the middle period of youth is a critical period for maturity.
People's maturity should meet the following three basic conditions:
The first is physical growth. It is marked by individual physiological maturity, especially sexual maturity. College students generally have this condition.
The second is psychological development and perfection. That is, a perfect self-concept and a stable personality have been formed.
The third is the promotion of socialization. Marked by the social maturity of human beings, that is, individuals have a correct understanding of their roles and social responsibilities in society.
Among these three conditions, physical maturity is the material basis and foundation of psychological maturity, and social maturity is the necessary condition of psychological maturity. The improvement of socialization depends on individual social practice. Because college students have been studying in school for a long time, they are isolated from social life to some extent. Being on campus, they have no direct and profound understanding of real social life, and social practice activities are superficial and superficial. Therefore, college students have a long period of social maturity, and the whole college life should strive for the completion of this social maturity.
2. The enhancement of self-concept is not in harmony with the development of cognitive ability. Self-concept refers to people's understanding of themselves and various experiences of the relationship between things around them. It is the synthesis of cognition, emotion and will, and it is an extremely important aspect in the process of human psychological development.
Self-concept comes into being and develops gradually from childhood, and adolescence is the fastest period of self-awareness, which makes profound and extensive changes in all aspects of people's psychology. It enables a person to reflect on himself and have a clear sense of self-existence, so as to look at the world around him as an independent individual; It greatly expands and enriches people's psychological content.
The development of self-concept is not only related to age, but also related to people's knowledge level. The higher a person's cultural quality, the stronger his self-awareness may be. From these two points of view, the university period is a period of real self-awareness. The age and education level of college students determine that they are no longer interested in external things like middle school students, eager to understand the world, grasp the external environment, eager to show their independence and want to be the master of the environment; Instead, I look inward, pay attention to observing and analyzing myself, and divide myself into the subject me and the object me, as well as the ideal me and the realistic me. Pay attention to introspection, explore your subtle inner world, try to understand your emotional and psychological changes, consciously understand yourself from all aspects, shape your image and design your own model. The special environment of university campus is also a place that emphasizes independence and self-establishment. Many college students arrange their lives in their own way to a large extent, and the atmosphere is relaxed and free. At the same time, because of their unique social level and high cultural quality, college students have their own views on social affairs, and their vision of seeing problems may be different from that of ordinary people, and they have an ambition and desire to take the world as their responsibility. On the one hand, they care about social development, which is carried out from a big perspective, without personal interests, and focus on the improvement and progress of the whole society. They are keen to participate in society and are willing to think about public opinion independently. On the other hand, because of their limited life experience, a certain distance from society and weak social practice ability, they often talk, evaluate and think about social problems with a fantasy color, which is not practical. Their understanding of things shows a certain one-sidedness and naivety, and they can't understand the problem deeply, accurately and comprehensively. This deficiency is not in harmony with their strong self-concept, which may always haunt them.
3. The concept is rich and unstable. College students are a growing group of young people and an extremely sensitive group, and their inner experience is extremely delicate. They often observe things related to themselves in detail. With the improvement of cultural level and the expansion of living space, their thinking space has been rapidly extended, which will inevitably produce more and more rich and profound emotions.
Due to the change of college students' psychological demand structure, their pursuit is unique, but their values are still unstable, and they are often in a state of fluctuation, confusion and choice, and their psychological maturity lags behind their physical maturity. Therefore, college students' mood is unstable, and their mood fluctuates greatly and changes rapidly. Changes in study, life, interpersonal relationships and other aspects will cause emotional fluctuations, which are easy to be extreme and impulsive, and there are also many emotional conflicts.
4. The development of sexual consciousness. College students are in the middle of adolescence, and their physical development has been basically completed, so it is normal to clarify and further develop their sexual consciousness. Because the university campus is a world of young people, every college student has ample opportunities to contact the opposite sex of the same age, so the development of consciousness and the subsequent love problems are important contents in the psychological development of college students. On the one hand, the development of sexual consciousness brings a strong spiritual yearning for shaping personality and image according to gender characteristics, and every college student will have a wish in his heart, that is, what kind of man or woman to be; On the other hand, the development of sexual consciousness also brings admiration and pursuit of the opposite sex, which is a problem that every budding college student will encounter. This desire will conflict with the fact that college students are not good at dealing with heterosexual relationships, or their economic status and psychological maturity are not enough to deal with this problem, which will bring all kinds of anxiety and troubles.
5. The intellectual development has reached its peak. College students are generally quick-thinking and receptive. Through professional training and systematic learning, their abstract logical thinking ability has been fully developed, their intelligence level has been greatly improved, and their ability to analyze and solve problems has been enhanced. Their intelligence level contains more social and theoretical colors, which greatly enriches the content of college students' psychological activities.
6. The social needs are urgent. In order to receive systematic and strict professional training, college students live longer on campus than their peers, which makes them have a certain distance from society. Because of this, their desire to join the society is even more urgent. On campus, they pay attention to the society, judge various social phenomena, and hope to join in, change various unsatisfactory phenomena according to their own ideas, serve the society with their professional knowledge, reflect their own strength and realize their own value. The interaction between this urgent social demand and the values that college students are forming is an important psychological basis for them to enter the society in the future. This psychological characteristic dominates and guides college students' learning attitude, which has an important impact on the quality of college life.