Since the second half of 2008, the financial crisis has brought great employment pressure to China. This employment pressure comes from the impact of the financial crisis on the employment of two groups, one is on the employment of migrant workers, and the other is on the employment of college graduates. In terms of quantity, the number of migrant workers affected by the financial crisis is far greater than that of college graduates. However, China's typical dual economic structure makes the countryside a reservoir for urban employment and plays a buffering role, so that unemployed migrant workers can return to the countryside in a short time. For college graduates, the situation is different. They urgently need to find jobs after leaving campus. Among the two major employment groups, migrant workers and college graduates, the employment problem of migrant workers will be alleviated rapidly with the increase of economic growth rate, and even the phenomenon of shortage of migrant workers will appear. At present, the 4 trillion investment plan launched by the state can also alleviate the employment pressure of migrant workers to a great extent. However, for college graduates, the situation is not so optimistic. In the years before the outbreak of the financial crisis, despite the good economic situation, the problem of employment difficulties for college graduates has been prominent. In fact, since 2003, the employment difficulties of college students have been a hot issue of social concern. 20 1 1 will be the most unfavorable year for college graduates in recent years. From the supply side, the data shows that in 20 1 100000, there will be 6 1 10 college graduates in China, 520000 more than in 20 10. In addition, as of 20 10, there are still10.5 million college graduates who have not found jobs, and they will look for employment opportunities with recent graduates, which makes the college graduates who graduated from 20 1 1 face more intense competition. From the demand side, affected by the financial crisis and economic cycle, the demand for college graduates by employers with enterprises as the main body will drop significantly. The phenomenon of adventure island of college graduates will be more prominent at 20 1 1. To solve the employment problem of college students, it is necessary for college graduates to change their job-seeking concepts and broaden their job-seeking scope, as well as the active support of governments at all levels and all walks of life. There are many reasons for college students' employment difficulties, among which the backward industrial structure, unbalanced regional development and household registration system are prominent reasons. At present, an important reason why it is difficult for college students to find jobs in China is that the backward industrial structure restricts the demand for college graduates, and it can even be said that migrant workers occupy the employment positions of college students. The employment of college students is mainly concentrated in the tertiary industry, and the proportion of employees in the secondary industry is very small. For a long time, the low-end manufacturing industry with cheap labor as its competitive advantage has become an important channel to promote exports and economic growth. Because the requirements for culture and skills are not high, migrant workers can be competent after training, so many enterprises prefer to recruit migrant workers rather than college graduates. According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000 and the national sampling survey 1% in 2005, the proportion of the population with college education or above in manufacturing industry has increased from 5.58% to 7.53%, but in sharp contrast, the proportion of migrant workers in manufacturing industry has increased from 57.74% to 66.47%. Obviously, the growth of migrant workers in manufacturing industry is much faster than that of college students. Manufacturing industry is the industry with the largest number of non-agricultural employment in China, and more than 30% of the employees in the country are in manufacturing industry. Although the manufacturing industry is expanding rapidly, the demand for college graduates has not increased simultaneously. In the tertiary industry, wholesale and retail are the industries that absorb the most labor. Similarly, because it is still in the low stage of development, the employment rate of college graduates is also very low. In 2005, only 8.73% of employees had college education, while 5 1.74% were migrant workers. When the demand growth slows down, when the number of college graduates expands sharply, the problem of difficult employment also follows. 1999 before the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities, the employment problem of college graduates did not constitute a prominent social problem. Since 1999, colleges and universities have greatly expanded their enrollment. As a result, in 2003, when these students should graduate four years later, the employment problem of college graduates became prominent, which has since become a widespread concern in society. It can be seen that the imbalance between supply and demand of college graduates has profound social reasons and cannot be changed in the short term. The development of reform and opening up in the past 30 years has not shrunk, but has widened the gap between the east and the west. This makes all kinds of labor force gather in the eastern coast, which is also the first choice for college students to find jobs. In 2000, employees with college education or above accounted for 47.69% in the eastern region, and by 2005, this proportion had risen to 53.24%. This makes the talent competition in the eastern region extremely fierce, and it is increasingly difficult for college graduates to find jobs in the eastern region. Because the gap between urban and rural areas is also significant, in the same area, talents with college education or above tend to gather in big cities, which makes the big cities show the "Matthew effect" of talent gathering, and also makes the competition for college students to apply for jobs in big cities very fierce. At present, the household registration system still plays an important role in large and medium-sized cities. For college graduates, whether they can obtain household registration in large and medium-sized cities is a practical problem that they are generally concerned about in the process of finding jobs. To this end, they often take the examination of civil servants, entering institutions or state-owned enterprises as the priority options for job hunting. Although many small and medium-sized enterprises have a strong demand for college graduates, it is difficult to recruit or retain them because they can't solve their hukou. In the central and western regions, talents with college education or above have obviously gathered in the public sector. An important reason is that the public sector can not only solve the housing problem, but also has strong advantages in stability and social welfare. In addition, in the current economic situation, college graduates will encounter more competitive threats in the process of job hunting. The first is the competitive threat from laid-off employees. These people will inevitably find new employment opportunities in the labor market after they lose their jobs. Their rich work experience is obviously a competitive threat to college graduates who are ready to enter the society. In contrast, college graduates lack work experience, so they are vulnerable. The second is the competitive threat from returnees. Due to the financial crisis in the United States and the economic recession caused by it, it may be difficult for a large number of international students to find suitable job opportunities when they graduate, and even those who are unemployed because of the financial crisis may return to China to look for employment opportunities, which undoubtedly poses a competitive threat to domestic university graduates. In contrast, domestic university graduates may be at a disadvantage in foreign languages, professional skills and vision. Take the university as an example. In recent years, there have been more overseas doctors, giving universities more choices. Many universities often give priority to overseas doctors and masters when introducing teachers or researchers, which undoubtedly creates great competitive pressure for local doctors and masters in job hunting. Enterprises are deeply affected by the financial crisis. Therefore, 20 1 1, a large number of enterprises will reduce the demand for college graduates, and graduates from various disciplines that are traditionally easy to enter enterprises will encounter a cold current, such as international trade, accounting, computer applications, and so on. On the contrary, institutions are less affected by the financial crisis, which highlights the advantages of such units and will inevitably make the job competition of these units more intense. For some graduates of unpopular disciplines and majors, their employment has not been significantly affected by the financial crisis because of the relatively stable relationship between supply and demand for many years. College graduates should actively adjust their concept of job hunting. Under the current financial crisis, solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society. From the perspective of college graduates themselves, it is necessary to actively change their job-hunting concepts, make full use of national strategic planning and various preferential policies, pay more attention to the old industrial bases, small and medium-sized cities and small and medium-sized enterprises in the central and western regions and northeast China, and pay more attention to self-employment. The central and western regions provide a vast space for college graduates to display their talents. The eastern coastal areas have gathered more than half of the country's college graduates, and the intensity of competition is already high. In this financial crisis, the eastern coastal areas have just become the hardest hit areas, making it even more difficult to obtain employment opportunities in the eastern region. On the contrary, the proportion of export-oriented economy in the central and western regions is relatively low, and the impact is relatively mild. In addition, the number of college graduates in these two regions is small, and the employment competition is not as fierce as that in the eastern region. In this case, it is obviously easier to find suitable employment opportunities in the central and western regions. At present, the basic strategy of macro-regional economic development in China is to develop the western region and revitalize the old industrial base in Northeast China, so the investment and policies will be tilted accordingly. In this case, college graduates will have more opportunities and development space in the old industrial bases in the west and northeast. Similarly, in small and medium-sized cities, because there are relatively few college graduates, the competition is not as fierce as that in big cities. Once there are suitable employment opportunities, it may be easier to get space to display your talents than in big cities. Moreover, the low cost of living in small and medium-sized cities can ease the life pressure of college graduates who have just worked, making it easier for them to work with peace of mind. Small and medium-sized enterprises are a good stage for college graduates' career development. Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of employment in China. However, due to the restrictions of household registration and other factors, small and medium-sized enterprises are often not favored by college graduates because they cannot solve the problem of settlement, especially small enterprises. However, small enterprises often have flexible mechanisms and are mostly in the growth stage, which makes it easier for them to provide opportunities for the growth of college graduates. Fortunately, in recent years, the State Council has launched a series of related policies, including: for enterprises to recruit non-local registered college graduates, all localities and cities should cancel the restrictions on settlement. This makes the settlement of college graduates no longer an obstacle to their employment. This is undoubtedly a timely help for college graduates with severe employment situation. Promoting employment by starting a business and turning passivity into initiative are positive ideas for college graduates to face the severe employment situation. In recent years, the phenomenon of college students' self-employment has gradually attracted people's attention. Promoting employment by starting a business has become an idea promoted by colleges and universities to college students who are looking for jobs. However, the process of starting a business is bound to be very difficult. College students should be fully prepared and do all kinds of preparatory work. Universities and governments at all levels should provide the most favorable policies and measures for college graduates to start their own businesses. As early as 2006, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission stipulated that "ordinary college graduates registered in the industrial and commercial departments for self-employment within two years after graduation will be exempted from various administrative fees related to registration, license and management within three years from the date of registration in the industrial and commercial departments." Obviously, the policy provides convenience for college graduates to start their own businesses. In July 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission further clarified that college graduates will be exempted from administrative fees within three years of starting their own businesses. In addition, the latest preferential employment policies for college graduates especially support college graduates to start their own businesses. Specific policies include: Unemployed and self-employed college graduates registered in local public employment service agencies may apply for a small secured loan of not more than 50,000 yuan if their self-raised funds are insufficient. For partnership and organized employment, the scale of loans can be appropriately expanded according to regulations. The introduction of the new policy has undoubtedly given positive support to college graduates' self-employment. Facing the grassroots and coordinating urban and rural employment. In China's vast rural grassroots, there is a great shortage of college graduates, especially some majors related to agricultural production and life, such as agronomy, medicine, forestry and so on. At present, China's rural grassroots are vigorously developing new rural construction, which requires the active participation of a large number of college graduates. In the recent preferential employment policy for college graduates, it is specifically mentioned that those who work in other social management and public service posts in rural grassroots and urban communities are given wages or living allowances, and at the same time participate in relevant social insurance according to regulations. In addition, college graduates who work in rural grass-roots units below the county level in the central and western regions and hard and remote areas and perform a certain service period, as well as college graduates who are enlisted for compulsory military service, are given corresponding tuition fees and student loan compensation according to regulations. This means that college graduates have a certain degree of protection to work at the grassroots level. At present, the government has introduced several policies that are beneficial to the employment of college graduates. The next question is how to effectively implement these policies. Governments at all levels should take various measures to actively implement the new policies to promote the smooth employment of college graduates and work and live in cities with peace of mind, which is also conducive to promoting economic growth and expanding employment. From the perspective of enterprises, after experiencing the impact of the financial crisis, we should realize that the competitiveness of enterprises with human capital as the core is based on product and technological innovation, and many links such as good sales channels and logistics management need the participation of highly educated talents, rather than the competitive advantage based on low labor costs. It is a long-term problem for college students to find jobs. As mentioned above, the employment problem of college students is long-term, which needs a long time to adjust and gradually solve. The financial crisis has brought a certain degree of impact on the current employment difficulties of college graduates, making the job-hunting situation of college graduates more severe, but the financial crisis is not the fundamental reason for the employment difficulties of college graduates. To solve the employment problem of college students, we need to make full use of various preferential policies and measures. With the concern from all walks of life about the employment difficulties of college students, more and more preferential policies have been formulated and implemented (continued on page 15) (continued on page 7). Governments at all levels, from central to local, have formulated preferential measures with local characteristics. Under the severe employment situation of college graduates, we should make full and effective use of these preferential policies to enable college graduates to achieve employment as soon as possible. For example, Shanghai introduced the internship system for college students earlier, and all employers recruited college students by internship. If they behave well during their internship, they are likely to become regular employees. This measure solves the problem of the role transformation of college graduates from campus to work, and is also very beneficial for employers to better understand the job adaptability of college graduates and improve the efficiency of human capital reserve. In addition to Shanghai, many cities have also carried out the internship system for college students, such as Xiamen, Fuzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing, Dalian, Hangzhou, Ningbo and other places have also accumulated some experience in this regard. After several years of continuous exploration, the internship system of college graduates is becoming more and more perfect. Recently, Yangpu District of Shanghai launched 1 000 public service trainee positions for college graduates, attracting a large number of Shanghai college graduates to apply. In addition to the internship system for college students, there are many local measures to promote the employment of college graduates. Under the current situation, it is urgent to summarize and improve the effective measures in various places and further promote them so that more college graduates can benefit from them. From the perspective of college students themselves, they should strive to master professional skills and make full use of various internship opportunities to increase their work experience. We should have a full understanding of the current employment situation and be fully prepared for all kinds of results we may encounter in the process of job hunting, especially the gap between our major and social needs. College graduates should adjust their job-hunting expectations in time, at the same time, take a long view and try to find a job that suits them. Colleges and universities and all walks of life should encourage college graduates to start their own businesses and promote employment through entrepreneurship.