Knowledge management is the conscious management of organizational knowledge, so as to maximize the value of knowledge, so as to achieve the purpose of using collective wisdom to continuously innovate and improve organizational performance as much as possible [1]. The core and focus of knowledge management theory is to create a mechanism and platform for the interaction between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge, which can be transformed into a knowledge base that is accumulated and enjoyed continuously through the expression of tacit knowledge, and every member of the organization can learn and grow continuously through this knowledge base.
College students' career planning is a process in which college students scientifically carry out self-evaluation and environmental analysis, position themselves, set their own career goals, choose their own career routes, constantly practice and explore, and take various positive actions to achieve their career goals [2]. With the development of economy and society, great changes have taken place in college students' concept of choosing a job: the employment model of students in the planned economy era is difficult to meet their subjective wishes; Under the condition of market economy, the characteristic of employment concept is to emphasize the maximization of one's own rights and interests; In the era of knowledge economy, the market economy is gradually maturing, and college students begin to seek the harmonious development of individuals and society. At present, the characteristics of college students' career planning are as follows: ① Making a living is no longer the only motivation, they seek more satisfaction in their work; (2) the desire to realize self-worth is enhanced, and high hopes are placed on career success; With the improvement of the legal system, they will engage in a variety of occupations at the same time to achieve their professional goals; (4) Job seekers are no longer the selected objects, but the process of mutual selection between individuals and units; ⑤ In order to seek the maximization and balance of interests in an uncertain environment, the society began to seek the maximization of the overall human capital income, so as to guide individual career planning [3].
Information technology provides technical support for the implementation of knowledge management theory in college students' career planning. Infinite knowledge resources on the Internet have become a huge knowledge base, and knowledge management theory provides a new way and means for the realization of college students' career planning content and planning strategy. The purpose of its application is to meet the internal needs of college students. Through the continuous cultivation of college students' knowledge and skills, we can increase students' human capital stock, help students establish a reasonable knowledge structure, and thus improve their career planning ability. At the same time, through the communication and sharing mechanism of knowledge management, an open and trusted internal operating environment is established to create a good internal soft environment for the smooth progress of college students' career planning.
Second, the theoretical basis of knowledge management
Application model of college students' career planning
1. Application model design
Based on Zuo Meiyun's Enterprise Knowledge Management Framework Model [4], this paper constructs a framework model for the application of knowledge management theory in college students' career planning (see figure 1):
The application system of knowledge management theory in college students' career planning is described as a lantern model. Holding the lantern handle is the implementation strategy of college students' career planning, which always leads the career planning system of college students; Candle core is the concept and method of knowledge management, which lives in the center of lanterns and illuminates the whole career planning system of college students. Lantern model consists of two parts: the left part reflects the key elements of college students' career planning: knowledge management platform, complete knowledge base, organizational culture, sound organizational structure and professional team; The right side reflects the knowledge process of college students' career planning: knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge enjoyment, knowledge application and knowledge innovation.
2. Lantern: college students' career planning strategy
College students' career planning strategy is the long-term goal, growth model and organizational structure of research, formulation, implementation and control organizations in colleges and universities, and it is a unique activity of high-level management in colleges and universities. Integrating knowledge management into college students' career planning strategy is to realize the role of knowledge concept in the overall framework of college students' career planning, and realize the all-round transformation from basic organizational structure and basic facilities to management concept through the knowledge of college students' career planning blueprint.
3. Lantern core: the concept and method of knowledge management
The concept of knowledge management includes the following points: people-oriented, information-based, knowledge-centered, knowledge management and knowledge management; Realize the sharing of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge; Improve adaptability and innovation through the production, dissemination, exchange, enjoyment and utilization of knowledge; Integrating knowledge management into business process reengineering. The sources of knowledge can be divided into internal and external categories, and the methods of knowledge management can be divided into database, discussion space, network and timely communication.
4. Lantern bottom: knowledge management system in colleges and universities
Lantern Library is a knowledge management system established in colleges and universities based on information technology. It is a comprehensive system that integrates management methods, knowledge processing, intelligent processing, decision-making and organizational strategic development planning by using modern technical means such as computer technology and information technology, and is an implementation platform of knowledge management. The system will greatly shorten the time required for establishing and perfecting the subject system of college students' career planning, improve the research and development ability of college students' career planning instructors, accelerate the understanding and research process of college students' career planning related knowledge, and save research time, manpower and funds.
5. Lantern body: the specific content of college students' career planning.
Key factors reflecting the implementation of college students' career planning. Including: ① knowledge management platform. Make full use of information resources at home and abroad to realize the multimedia network platform for sharing resources inside and outside the school. ② Complete knowledge base. With complete knowledge of career planning, students can find the knowledge they need from the knowledge base. (3) knowledge * * * organizational culture. Promote the transformation of tacit knowledge into enjoyment and reduce the transmission cost of knowledge within the school. ④ Construction of specialized teams. From a strategic point of view, professional team building includes a series of problems such as the introduction, use, assessment, training and motivation of personnel. ⑤ A sound organizational structure. According to the requirements of knowledge management, the organizational structure should be flexible and flat, and a permanent institution should be established to promote college students' career planning.
On the right side of the lantern model: it reflects the knowledge flow-knowledge acquisition-knowledge storage-knowledge enjoyment-knowledge application-knowledge innovation in the process of college students' career planning.
Third, specific measures to effectively apply the "lantern" model
1. Create a campus environment conducive to the enjoyment of knowledge.
Send the right information to the right person at the right time. This is the main purpose of introducing knowledge management theory into college students' career planning. To do this, we should create a campus environment where we can enjoy knowledge. ① Building a knowledge management platform for college students' career planning. Make use of existing network resources to increase the network platform for college students' career planning. Students can exchange knowledge, appreciate, spread and learn through the platform, and enrich the theory and experience of college students' career planning through continuous enrichment and development. ② Establish a relatively complete knowledge base. Including the basic theory, specific steps, operation methods, research materials, development trends and best practice cases of career planning; Organization composition, career planning tutor introduction, contact information, etc. ; Different students' feelings and experiences on career planning and job hunting; Employers' evaluation of graduates and suggestions for college students. ③ Knowledge map of college students' career planning. Knowledge map has the same function as phone book. When students study, they know where to find the knowledge they need, or who to turn to when they encounter problems, so as to avoid blindness. ④ Establish an organizational culture conducive to knowledge sharing. Promote knowledge sharing from top to bottom, flatten the school structure, form an equal and smooth interactive channel, improve the organizational management system and establish an incentive mechanism for knowledge sharing; Improve the internal network, students can easily access the knowledge base and use e-mail, bulletin board system and electronic forums to obtain and exchange valuable information; Cultivate the idea of communication and win-win, constantly strengthen the awareness of * * * enjoyment, and make the enjoyment of knowledge * * * a part of daily study.
2. Promote the mutual transformation between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge.
① Implicit explicit knowledge. Mastering explicit knowledge is the beginning of successful career planning, and three unifications should be achieved: unified process, unified method and unified assessment. ② Explicit tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is more complicated and cannot be described in words. Successful career planning is based on tacit knowledge, so the core of application is to tap the tacit knowledge in students' minds and turn it into coded explicit knowledge to realize the enjoyment of tacit knowledge. ③ Use the agglomeration effect of knowledge management to promote the mutual transformation between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge [5]. Agglomeration effect is an economic phenomenon and also exists in knowledge management, which makes it possible to promote the mutual transformation between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge.
3. Knowledge management theory permeates and promotes college students' career planning.
From the formation and flow of knowledge, the process of college students' career planning is a relatively closed circular system, and it is a repeated process, which constantly transforms career planning knowledge into college students' career planning ability. The key to the penetration and promotion of knowledge management theory to college students' career planning lies in whether the knowledge management theory is organically combined with the core business process of college students' career planning. According to the different stages of college students' career planning, the integration of knowledge management theory mainly includes the following aspects: ① Infiltration when establishing career goals. In this process, college students should not only make full use of their own knowledge (related theories and methods of college students' career planning, career planning process, self-evaluation ability and environmental analysis ability), but also ask tutors to help them carry out personal analysis and career evaluation, so as to make their career goals meet the needs of their own development and professional environment. ② Infiltration in the implementation of professional objectives. After the establishment of professional goals, we should use the method of knowledge management to systematically analyze and decompose the professional goals and gradually realize the professional goals. ③ Summary and promotion at the end of career planning. At the end of the career planning cycle, we should refine the experience and lessons in this process, analyze and find the problems existing in career development, and find preventive countermeasures. And form personal knowledge wealth.
4. Use knowledge management theory to guide professional team building.
The characteristics of college students' career planning counselors are: strong independence and creative labor results; Strong willingness to flow and strong motivation to achieve; Pursuing individuality; It is difficult to monitor the work process and measure the performance. Therefore, it is necessary to use knowledge management theory to guide the construction of college students' career planning counselors: ① Improve the structure. Free some counselors from daily chores and give full-time guidance to college students' career planning; Recruit outstanding talents who are engaged in relevant research and have practical work experience to join; Hire off-campus experts as an important supplement to this team. ② Specialized training. While giving full play to the role of counselors, we should strengthen the cultivation of counselors' ability and make more counselors become professional experts. ③ Strengthen management. The first is to establish a reasonable post structure. The career development of instructors generally follows two routes: management and technology. The management route is to establish the position system of tutors, establish the promotion and substitution relationship between positions, and form the power field within the team. The technical route is to set up corresponding professional and technical posts and skill levels in schools, guide teachers to continuously improve their theoretical level and accumulate experience in practice, become experts in this field, and realize their own value by taking the professional and technical road. The second is to establish an evaluation system. Colleges and universities need to establish an evaluation system: on the one hand, evaluate the current situation of the team and determine the stage and adjustment direction of college students' career planning and development; On the other hand, evaluate the performance, quality and skills of college students' career planning counselors. The third is to establish a relaxed communication environment. Tutors will produce new ideas and methods in specific work, and their communication is very important in the enjoyment of knowledge. Schools should create conditions for them to communicate with each other and solve problems.
Fourthly, empirical analysis: Take Nanjing University of Technology as an example.
From 65438 to 0999, Nanjing University of Technology began to introduce the concept of college students' career planning, and gradually spread it among graduates. With the severe employment situation year by year, the school put forward the concept of "market-oriented, employment-centered, emphasizing goal guidance, career planning, practical innovation and quality development", and carried out college students' career planning for four years. Under the severe employment situation, the employment rate of graduates has been in the forefront of the province. The success lies in the application of knowledge management theory to college students' career planning. Mainly in the following aspects:
① Establishment of knowledge base. Nanjing University of Technology uses the existing network resources to develop the Austrian Blue System and increase the network platform for college students' career planning. With an "open" learning atmosphere, through the development of consciousness, motivation and ability, the flexibility and flexibility of college students' career planning will be increased and strong competitiveness will be formed. On the network platform, college students can get access to a relatively complete knowledge base and learn about the basic theory, specific steps and operation methods, research materials, development trends and best practice cases of college students' career planning.
(2) Establish a knowledge enjoyment environment. Improve the internal knowledge network and create an environment conducive to enjoying knowledge. Students can easily access the knowledge database, freely use e-mail, bulletin board system, electronic forums and technical libraries, obtain valuable information for business activities, provide their feelings and experiences in time, and freely communicate with other people. Cultivate * * * values and team spirit, and make knowledge * * * a part of daily work.
③ Improve the curriculum. In the early stage of promoting college students' career planning, the school did not take career planning theory as a compulsory course. Later, in order to adapt to the situation, the teaching plan was adjusted in time, compulsory courses were added, and the curriculum system and content were constantly improved, so that the study of this theory ran through the university process.
④ Teacher training. The school first hired experts to train a group of counselors in career planning. After they gradually took up their posts, the school also hired off-campus experts as an important supplement to planning guidance, and achieved good results.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
With the popularization of higher education and the continuous improvement of national quality, career planning is particularly important for everyone in social life. College students' career planning is not only the responsibility of colleges and universities, but also the attention of the state and society. Only by starting career planning at an early age can we fundamentally solve the employment pressure of college students, avoid the waste of educational resources and promote social progress and harmonious development.