In fact, people who know history of qing dynasty know that the highest rank of civil servants is a university student, but being a university student does not mean having great power. The establishment of college students belongs to the cabinet. As we all know, since Yongzheng established the military department, the actual power of the cabinet and the deliberation room has been put on hold. In other words, only when college students become military ministers can they be regarded as figures in the center of power.
Compared with the Ming dynasty, the Qing dynasty made many changes in the position of university students. In the Nurhachi era, the highest authority was the Council of Ministers responsible for discussing state affairs. When he arrived at Huang Taiji, he began to set up three imperial courtyards (National History Academy, Secretary Academy and Hong Wen Academy), each with a university student, and the famous Han minister Fan Wencheng was the first Han university student in the Qing Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, the Inner Third Hospital was renamed, and the bachelor's degree was second-class. It was not until the eighth year of Yongzheng that the grade of university students was listed as authentic.
The position of a college student in front will be named Diange, which is the four halls of the Ming Dynasty. There are four halls, namely University Zhongji Hall (formerly Gai Hua Hall), University Jianji Hall (formerly Shenshen Hall), University Wenhua Hall and University Wuying Hall. Two cabinets, namely Wenyuanting University and Dongge University.
In Qing Dynasty, they were called "Grandfather of Zhonghe Temple", "Grandfather of Baohe Temple", "Grandfather of Wenhua Temple", "Grandfather of Wuying Temple", "Grandfather of Wenyuange" and "Grandfather of Dongge".
During the Qianlong period, the "Grand Master of Zhonghe Hall" was changed to "Grand Master of Tijen Pavilion", making it three halls and three pavilions. Among the college students in Diange, the college students in Baohe Hall are the most distinguished and rare in Qing Dynasty. For example, E Ertai and Zhang in Yongzheng period were both college students in Baohe Hall, and Fu Heng in Qianlong period was also a college student in Baohe Hall. From the death of Fu Heng to the Qing Dynasty, no one ever got it.
Among the six-hall college students, before the abolition of Zhonghe Hall in the 13th year of Qianlong, the order of status was: Zhonghe Hall, Baohe Hall, Wenhua Hall, Wuying Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion and Dongge Pavilion. Later, it became: Baohe Hall, Wenhua Hall, Wuying Hall, Wenyuan Pavilion, Dongge Pavilion and Tijen Pavilion. Most college students moved from Tijen Pavilion to Wenhua Hall. Of course, it doesn't have to start with Tijen Pavilion.
College students are different from other official positions. They are not a radish and a pit. College students are generally vacant and don't have to fill them. In the Qing dynasty, the most common situation was two men and two women, and four cabinet college students were the most common. Below the bachelor's degree, there are assistant bachelor's degree in cabinet, bachelor's degree in cabinet and bachelor's degree in attendants.
After the establishment of the Ministry of War in the seventh year of Yongzheng, the role of the cabinet was greatly reduced, but the official letters were issued by the cabinet, and the official letters of the liegeman were also submitted to the cabinet, so the cabinet was nominally the prime minister institution of the Qing Dynasty.
There is a saying among college students in the Qing Dynasty that "divination is not an academician, which means that the selection of Zaifu and college students must be qualified as academicians. There were 1 19 Han people in the whole Cabinet Academy of Qing Dynasty, among which10/person came from Hanlin, and only 17 people came from Jinshi. The only exception was left and juren. It can be said that the cabinet college students under the command of officials are almost monopolized by Hanlin.
In the Qing Dynasty, the honor of civil servants was the highest honor when they were in the third place and in the cabinet, and posthumous title specially approved by the emperor was the highest honor after death. Generally, the death of cabinet university students will be labeled as "Wen", of which the highest is Wen Zhong, Wen Gong, Wen Cheng, Wen Duan and so on.